Abstract：
:It is a conservative and reasonable suggestion that implicit functioning, as in blindsight, is simply a weakened, degraded form of normal functioning, especially as the parameters of vision in blindsight are themselves weakened--e.g., acuity is reduced, detection thresholds are raised, chromatic discrimination is coarser. But does this mean that maximum performance in blindsight is itself uniformly degraded? The answer is no, because there are many examples of very good performance in blindsight, in the absence of acknowledged awareness, especially if the visual parameters are chosen to be within a selective range. The question then is raised whether the parameters of blindsight vision are qualitatively similar to normal vision, or even to any manifestation of normal vision when it is uniformly degraded, for example, by threshold rises or injection of noise? Evidence is provided that blindsight vision and normal vision, even if it were degraded, are qualitatively different in certain respects. For example, there can be selective loss of colour but not of luminance contrast; visible after-images to unseen stimuli ("prime-sight") can be observed in one subject (DB); there can be super-sensitivity in the blind hemifield that is better than that of the intact hemifield; there can be a change in S-cone retinal inputs. Even when the stimulus contrast is deliberately lowered, blindsight performance itself does not degrade in parallel. Another meaning of "degraded" is that even when blindsight discriminatory or detection ability is excellent, the subject's acknowledged experience is as though the stimuli are weak and degraded to the point of extinction or near-extinction. But this is akin to the very meaning of blindsight itself, and sets the problem to be solved in neural systems terms and philosophical analysis rather than providing a conservative solution.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Weiskrantz Ldoi
10.1007/s00221-008-1388-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
413-6issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
192pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Efferents originating from the rat medial prefrontal cortex and projecting to diencephalic and mesencephalic structures were analyzed electrophysiologically. The antidromic activation technique was used in order to identify cortical neurons which innervate the medio-dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), lateral habenul...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239191
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has shown that the timing of a sensor-motor event is recalibrated after a brief exposure to a delayed feedback of a voluntary action (Stetson et al. 2006). Here, we examined whether it is the sensory or motor event that is shifted in time. We compared lag adaption for action-feedback in visuo-motor p...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2047-3
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two rhesus monkeys were trained to make saccadic eye movements from a central fixation point towards a peripheral target. Saccadic reaction times (SRTs) were measured in the gap paradigm (200 ms pause between offset of fixation point and onset of peripheral target). Target position for extensive training (SRTs of 150 ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230109
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When we press an elevator button or pick up a coffee cup, different visual information is used to guide our reach and to form our conscious experience of these objects. But can the information guiding our hand be brought into awareness? The fact that we can see and feel our own hand in action suggests that it might be...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2116-6
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familiarity with the visual environment affects our expectations about the objects in a scene, aiding in recognition and interaction. Here we tested whether the familiarity with the specific trajectory followed by a moving target facilitates the interpretation of the effects of underlying physical forces. Participants...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-4050-6
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously described a visual area situated in the cortex surrounding the deep infolding of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat (Mucke et al. 1982). Using orthograde and retrograde transport methods we now report anatomical evidence that this anterior ectosylvian visual area (AEV) is connected with a su...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238842
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the finger interactions during maximum voluntary force (MVF) production in flexion and extension in children and adults. The goal of this study was to investigate the age-related changes and flexion-extension differences of MVF and finger interaction indices, such as finger inter-dependency (force enslaving...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0629-x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated activity is considered important for experience-dependent plasticity in the developing visual system. We investigated the influence of age and experience on the role of NMDA receptors in the visual transmission in the superficial grey layer of the superior colliculus (SGS)...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050407
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dual visuomotor channel theory proposes that prehension consists of a Reach that transports the hand in relation to an object's extrinsic properties (e.g., location) and a Grasp that shapes the hand to an object's intrinsic properties (e.g., size and shape). In central vision, the Reach and the Grasp are integrate...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3945-6
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) mediates response inhibition and conflict resolution through the fronto-basal ganglia pathways. Our aim was to compare the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reactive and proactive inhibition and conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease using...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3457-9
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Stroop test enables interference between color naming and reading to be studied. Protopapas et al. (2007) reported more errors in an interference task and longer reaction times in 12.5-year-old dyslexics; also more Stroop interference with lower reading skills. The present study uses a version of the Stroop with f...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2247-x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early postnatal application of thyroid hormones to rats results in morphological changes in septum and hippocampus. Modulation in the expression of either neurotrophins and/or their receptors is postulated to be responsible for these effects. In the present study we tested whether thyroxine administration leads to cha...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050313
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons responding to deep or cutaneous stimuli are situated in different parts of the ventrobasal complex. Within the cutaneous region elongated clusters of cells with common place and modality properties project to single columns in the somatic sensory cortex. The present study sought to determine to what extent sin...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238583
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticofugal influence upon lateral geniculate units was evaluated by inactivating the visual cortex with a topical application of 3M KCL in rabbits. The results revealed a decrease of spontaneous firing in slow P cells following cortical depression suggesting a tonic corticofugal influence. The most consistently obse...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236189
更新日期：1977-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The specificity of adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex direction was examined by exposing cats to combined pitch vestibular rotation and horizontal optokinetic motion at 0.25 Hz, while alternating body position between lying on the left side and lying on the right. The direction of optokinetic motion relative to hea...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247045
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in three experiments to measure the properties of long-latency intracortical inhibition (LICI) acting on the relaxed first dorsal interosseus muscle of the left and right hand in right-handed volunteers. The experiments show that LICI is asymmetrical: it emerges ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0349-2
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3913-1
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4866-3
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236282
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3110-z
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3149-x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1476-8
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239516
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In healthy subjects, suprathreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at frequencies >2 Hz prolongs the cortical silent period (CSP) over the course of the train. This progressive lengthening probably reflects temporal summation of the inhibitory interneurons in the stimulated primary motor cortex (M...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0296-3
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulation of cutaneous foot afferents has been shown to evoke a facilitation of the tibialis anterior (TA) EMG-activity at a latency of 70-95 ms in the early and middle swing phase of human walking. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism for this facilitation. In those subjects in whom it was possib...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050600
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical activity of neurons in rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus was recorded in tissue slices, to investigate central neural mechanisms underlying reduction of food intake caused by TRH and its metabolite, cyclo(His-Pro) [cHP]. Application of TRH had two actions: stimulation of neuronal activity, which was des...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00269457
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to test the principle of motor abundance, which has been hypothesized as the principle by which the central nervous system controls the excessive degrees of freedom of the human movements, in contrast to the traditional negative view of motor redundancy. This study investigated the change...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2486-x
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on animal models as well as human subjects has demonstrated that the vestibular system contributes to regulating the distribution of blood in the body through effects on the sympathetic nervous system. Elimination of vestibular inputs results in increased blood flow to the hindlimbs during vestibular stimulat...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2550-1
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discrete wavelet analysis is used to resolve the center of pressure time series data into several timescale components, providing new insights into postural control. Healthy young and elderly participants stood quietly with their eyes open or closed and either performed a secondary task or stood quietly. Without visio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1915-1
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When reaches are performed toward target objects, the presence of other non-target objects influences kinematic parameters of the reach. A typical observation has been that non-targets positioned ipsilaterally to the acting limb interfere more with the trajectory of the hand than contralateral non-targets. Here, we in...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3615-0
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
