Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to test the principle of motor abundance, which has been hypothesized as the principle by which the central nervous system controls the excessive degrees of freedom of the human movements, in contrast to the traditional negative view of motor redundancy. This study investigated the changes in force stabilizing and moment stabilizing synergies for multi-finger pressing tasks involving different number of fingers. Twelve healthy subjects produced a constant pressing force while watching visual feedback of the total pressing force for the fingers involved in each task. Based on the principle of motor abundance, it was hypothesized that the multi-finger synergies for the total force stabilizing synergy and the total moment stabilizing synergy would be greater as the number of task finger increases. Force stabilizing and moment stabilizing synergies were quantified using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold analysis. It was found that strong force stabilizing synergies existed for all the finger combinations. The index of force stabilizing synergies was greater when the task involved more number of fingers. The index of moment stabilizing synergies was negative for the two-finger combination, representing moment destabilizing synergies. However, the index of moment stabilizing synergies was positive for three-finger and four-finger combinations, representing strong moment stabilizing synergies for these finger combinations. We interpret the findings as an evidence for the principle of abundance for stabilization of both, total force as well as total moment.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Karol S,Kim YS,Huang J,Kim YH,Koh K,Yoon BC,Shim JKdoi
10.1007/s00221-010-2486-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
359-67issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
208pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity (AVP-IR, OT-IR) have been detected in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (TG, DRG) of the rat. We have investigated whether AVP or OT have any neurotransmitter role in these tissues by measuring the effects of the peptides on levels of intracellular second messengers. AVP ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248795
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature reports that anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are programmed according to movement velocity. However, the linkage between APAs and velocity has been highlighted within single subjects who were asked to voluntarily change movement velocity; therefore, till now, it has been impossible to discern w...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-4122-7
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal spinal cord tissue was grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult recipients. Transverse segments from the cervical and high thoracic levels were divided in halves which were grafted directly or further divided into ventral horn and dorsal horn parts before grafting. Survival and intraocular growth was ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237016
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to the size principle for motoneurons one would expect that an excitatory stimulus given to a motoneuronal pool should evoke small excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in large and large EPSPs in small motoneurons of the pool. In this study this expectation was tested for the motoneuron pool of the fir...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229117
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We had recumbent subjects (n = 7) indicate the amplitude of imposed, passive yaw-axis body rotations in the 0, 1, and 1.8 g background force levels generated during parabolic flight maneuvers. The blindfolded subject, restrained in a cradle, aligned a gravity-neutral pointer with the subjective vertical while in an in...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1785-6
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using intensities ≤ 2 mA on physical and cognitive outcomes has been extensively investigated. Studies comparing the effects of different intensities of tDCS have yielded mixed results and little is known about how higher intensities (> 2 mA) affect outcomes. This study e...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05721-w
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of declined accommodation on reading performance in non-native and native languages. Eighteen native Japanese speakers participated: eight presbyopes and ten non-presbyopes. In the experiment, participants were asked to scan, or sequentially read six-word items presented in two-line...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05588-x
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abundant evidence has revealed that social observation could enhance people's norm-enforcement behaviors to norm violators. However, whether such enhancement is strategically reputation-based without changes on awareness of social norms or it is accompanied with strengthened perception of norm violations remains uncle...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05762-6
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand spatiotemporally coordinated activity in neural networks and interaction between different areas or layers in brain tissue, simultaneous multisite recording is a prerequisite. For in vitro studies pursuing these goals, substrate integrated, planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been developed to monit...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-001-0932-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examines the modulation of the motion-onset response based on the frequency-range of sound stimuli. Delayed motion-onset and stationary stimuli were presented in a free-field by sequentially activating loudspeakers on an azimuthal plane keeping the natural percept of externalized sound presentation. ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5329-9
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Standing and walking are very different tasks. It might be reasonable, therefore, to assume that the mechanisms used to maintain the stability of standing and walking should be quite different. However, many studies have shown that postural stability measures can generally predict risk of falls, even though most falls...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0224-6
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The modification of the normal locomotor pattern of humans was investigated using a split-belt locomotion protocol (treadmill belt speeds of 4.5 km/h and 1.5 km/h for the right and left legs, respectively) and also by changing afferent input from the legs (30% reduction or increase in body weight by suspending subject...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050262
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccular and utricular organs are essential for postural stability and gaze control. Although saccular and utricular inputs are known to terminate on vestibular neurons, few previous studies have precisely elucidated the origin of these inputs. We investigated the saccular and utricular inputs to single vestibular neu...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002219900312
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on striatal high affinity glutamate uptake (HAGU) of an apomorphine injection administered either alone or along with an electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex were compared between intact control rats and animals with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuro...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247588
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248749
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descending projections from the mesencephalon and superior colliculus to the inferior olive were analyzed by an autoradiographic tracing method. Injections of tritium-labelled leucine were placed in regions which had previously been identified as sources of afferents to the olive. These were located adjacent to the ce...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01208593
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this investigation was to understand the functions of long horizontal connections projecting from area 17 to area 18 in cats. The animals were anesthetized and prepared for recording single-cell responses to sine-wave gratings in area 18. Neuronal activity was analyzed under three conditions: prior to, duri...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005596
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The occurrence of postural and balance disorders is a frequent feature in advanced forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathological substrate of these disturbances is poorly understood. METHODS:In the present work, we investigated the evolution of posturometric parameters [center of pressure (Co...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0202-z
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal levels of noise stimulation have been shown to enhance the detection and transmission of neural signals thereby improving the performance of sensory and motor systems. The first series of experiments in the present study aimed to investigate whether subsensory electrical noise stimulation applied over the tric...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2983-6
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromagnetic fields from the left cerebral hemisphere of five healthy, right-handed subjects were investigated under three different experimental conditions: (1) electrical stimulation of the right index finger (task S); (2) voluntary movement of the same finger (M); (3) M+S condition, consisting of voluntary movemen...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00230430
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is still controversy in the literature whether a single episode of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) results in short-term functional and/or structural deficits as well as any induced long-term residual effects. With the inability of traditional structural brain imaging techniques to accurately diagnosis MTBI, ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2294-3
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex on the monosynaptic jaw closing and the disynaptic jaw opening reflexes were studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The time course of the reflex effects was recorded. Similar rhythmic sequences of facilitation and inhibition were observed in both re...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237546
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the dopaminergic innervation of the rat globus pallidus by in vivo microdialysis and immunohistochemistry in more detail. Using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, two classes of dopaminergic fibers were distinguished morphologically in the globus pallidus. Unilateral infusion of 6-hy...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1638-7
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hand muscle reflexes following muscle stretch and electrical nerve stimulation show a typical pattern consisting of short- and long-latency reflexes. The present investigation was designed to test reflexes following pure cutaneous stimulation. Air puffs were delivered to the palmar tip and the nail bed of the first, s...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00242189
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of visual contextual illusions on motor behaviour vary largely between experimental conditions. Whereas it has often been reported that the effects of illusions on pointing and grasping are largest when the movement is performed some time after the stimulus has disappeared, the effect of a delay has hardly...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4520-5
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The output from a motor nucleus is determined by the synaptic input to the motor neurons and their intrinsic properties. Here, we explore whether the source of synaptic inputs to the motor neurons (cats) and the age or post-stroke conditions (humans) may change the recruitment gain of the motor neuron pool. In cats, t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05628-6
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Everyday actions can be characterized by whether they are freely chosen or commanded by external stimuli, and whether they produce pleasant or unpleasant outcomes. To assess how these aspects of actions affect the sense of agency, we asked participants to perform freely selected or instructed key presses which could p...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5112-3
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory inputs to neurons in the Forel's field H (FFH) related to visually induced vertical saccades from the ipsilateral superior colliculus (SC) were investigated in chronically prepared alert cats. By stimulation of the deep or intermediate layer of the SC, upward augmenting neurons (ANs) and one long-lead downw...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230857
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stronger anatomo-functional connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA), as compared with premotor area (PM), with regions of the limbic system, suggest that SMA could play a role in the control of movements triggered by visual stimuli with emotional content. We addressed this issue by analysing the modifica...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1346-8
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present report describes a bidirectional mechanical stimulation technique of cristae ampullares in the cat. Bimodal field potentials are seen in the vestibular nerve and nucleus after an excitatory stimulus. This technique should allow an in vivo and selective study of the vestibular receptors in mammals. ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237804
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
