Pharmacology, drug efficacy, and the individual.

abstract：:Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are two major xeno-sensing transcription factors. They can be activated by a broad range of lipophilic xenobiotics including therapeutics drugs. In addition to xenobiotics, endogenous compounds suc...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Kodama S,Negishi M

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Adiraju SKS,Shekar K,Fraser JF,Smith MT,Ghassabian S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of medical use in China and is still used worldwide. Unexpected herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to adverse drug reactions or loss of therapeutic efficacy of the victim drug. Here, based on searches of Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science using v...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ma BL,Ma YM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with decreased quality of life, and increased mortality and morbidity from stroke and thromboembolism. The underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AF have yet to be fully elucidated. However, once initiated, AF t...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Orenes-Piñero E,Valdés M,Lip GY,Marín F

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tumors arise from multiple genetic changes that gradually transform growth-limited cells into highly invasive cells that are unresponsive to growth controls. The genetic evolution of normal cells into cancer cells is largely determined by the fidelity of DNA replication, repair, and division. Cell-cycle arrest i...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Flatt PM,Pietenpol JA

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate diazepam and oxazepam as cytochrome P450 inducers at doses previously shown to cause liver tumors in mice but not rats. In rats, diazepam and oxazepam induced CYP2B, and were as effective as phenobarbital despite lacking phenobarbital's tumor-promoting effect in rats. In mice, dia...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Parkinson A,Leonard N,Draper A,Ogilvie BW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiological and biochemical measurements that can be performed noninvasively in humans with modern imaging techniques offer great promise for defining the precise state of a patient's disease and its response to therapy. In general, there are two critical points in drug development when PET measurements are like...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Fischman AJ,Alpert NM,Babich JW,Rubin RH

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone-dependent breast cancers that overexpress the ligand-binding nuclear transcription factor, estrogen receptor (ER), represent the most common form of breast epithelial malignancy. Exposure of breast epithelial cells to a redox-cycling and arylating quinone induces mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylatio...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Benz CC,Atsriku C,Yau C,Britton D,Schilling B,Gibson BW,Baldwin MA,Scott GK

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is a recently discovered molybdenum-containing enzyme in mammalians. Upon reconstitution with the electron transport proteins, cytochrome b(5) and its reductase, this molybdenum enzyme is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. It was named mARC because the N...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Havemeyer A,Lang J,Clement B

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population pharmacokinetics describe the typical relationships between physiology (both normal and disease altered) and pharmacokinetics, the interindividual variability in these relationships, and their residual intraindividual variability. Knowledge of population kinetics can help one to choose initial drug dosage, ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Sheiner LB

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent progresses in molecular biology and pharmacology approaches allowed the characterization of a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) as efficient regulators of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes activity. These regulatory processes ensure an optimized UGT expression in response to specific e...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Bigo C,Caron S,Dallaire-Théroux A,Barbier O

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat P450IIA subfamily was characterized at the protein, cDNA, and gene level. The purified IIA1 and IIA2 P-450s displayed distinct positional specificities toward hydroxylation of the prototype substrate testosterone. The IIA1 and IIA2 genes were also regulated differently during development; IIA1 was expressed wi...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Gonzalez FJ,Matsunaga T,Nagata K

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenobiotic metabolism, a ubiquitous natural response to foreign compounds, elicits initiating signals for many pathophysiological events. Currently, most widely used techniques for identifying xenobiotic metabolites and metabolic pathways are empirical and largely based on in vitro incubation assays and in vivo radiot...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Chen C,Gonzalez FJ,Idle JR

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high rate of attrition during drug development and its associated high research and development (R&D) cost have put pressure on pharmaceutical companies to ensure that candidate drugs going to clinical testing have the appropriate quality such that the biological hypothesis could be evaluated. To help achieve this...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ballard P,Brassil P,Bui KH,Dolgos H,Petersson C,Tunek A,Webborn PJ

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The body is considered as a system composed of a number of subsystems. The response(s) of a drug is a complicated function of the concentration in the blood plasma, which in turn is some function of the dosage input. The dose-response curve of a drug in a subsystem (e.g., isolated organ) is, over a limited concentrati...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： van Rossum JM,Burgers JP

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs are of a significant health concern. Illicit substances are taken by healthy individuals as well as by patients with medical conditions such as mental illnesses, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Many ind...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Abbott KL,Flannery PC,Gill KS,Boothe DM,Dhanasekaran M,Mani S,Pondugula SR

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reabsorptive and excretory capacity of the kidney has an important influence on the systemic concentration of drugs. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRP/ABCC) expressed in the kidney play a critical role in the tubular efflux of a wide variety of drugs and toxicants, and, in particular, of their negatively charged ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： van de Water FM,Masereeuw R,Russel FG

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic cannabinoids (SC), originally developed as research tools, are now highly abused novel psychoactive substances. We present a comprehensive systematic review covering in vivo and in vitro animal and human pharmacokinetics and analytical methods for identifying SC and their metabolites in biological matrices. ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Castaneto MS,Wohlfarth A,Desrosiers NA,Hartman RL,Gorelick DA,Huestis MA

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, the side-chain carboxymethyl derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine, has been known and available for almost 80 years. During this time, it has been put to a variety of uses, but it is within the field of respiratory medicine that, presently, it has found a clinical niche....

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Mitchell SC,Steventon GB

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multiple functions of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase) in the cell are reviewed. NQO1 has long been viewed as a chemoprotective enzyme involved in cellular defense against the electrophilic and oxidizing metabolites of xenobiotic quinones. It also participates in reduction of endogenous quino...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ross D

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineral fibers, including asbestos, are ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. Asbestos fibers are generally present at levels below 1 fiber/L in air though 10 fibers/L may be found in cities; these levels do not appear to be high enough to present a hazard to health. These fibers come mostly from the use of fibr...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Hoskins JA,Brown RC

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Jaeschke H,McGill MR,Ramachandran A

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gold Nanostars (GNS) have attracted tremendous attention toward themselves owing to their multi-branched structure and unique properties. These state of the art metallic nanoparticles possess intrinsic features like remarkable optical properties and exceptional physiochemical activities. These star-shaped gold nanopar...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Mousavi SM,Zarei M,Hashemi SA,Ramakrishna S,Chiang WH,Lai CW,Gholami A

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is located primarily in the central nervous system. CB1 is a therapeutic target which may impact pathways to mediate pain, neurodegenerative disorders, hunger, and drug-seeking behavior. Despite these benefits, development of orthosteric ther...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dopart R,Lu D,Lichtman AH,Kendall DA

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450-based cancer gene therapy is a novel prodrug activation strategy for cancer treatment that has substantial potential for improving the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics. The primary goal of this strategy is to selectively increase tumor cell exposure to cytotoxic drug metabolites generate...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Waxman DJ,Chen L,Hecht JE,Jounaidi Y

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An association between marijuana use and schizophrenia has been noted for decades, and the recent emergence of high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) as drugs of abuse has lead to a growing number of clinical reports of persistent psychotic effects in users of these substances. The mechanisms underlying SCB-elici...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Fantegrossi WE,Wilson CD,Berquist MD

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Edelson J,Benziger DP

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, the concerns that environmental and other agents are causing adverse effects on reproductive function in humans are real, although the risk is not necessarily well characterized. The range of concerns for the types of effect that agents might have on reproduction span the full range of reproductive events....

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Schwetz BA

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes. FMO3 is the primary human adult liver FMO enzyme, but is developmentally regulated. FMO3 promoter characterization using in vitro DNA binding assays with HepG2 cell and fetal and adult liver nuclear protein, as well as FMO3/repo...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Klick DE,Hines RN

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, we have shown that steroid D-ring, but not steroid A-ring, glucuronide conjugates act at the level of the bile canaliculus to decrease bile-acid-dependent flow, initially; and subsequently, bile-acid-independent flow. These data indicate that glucuronide conjugates are not necessarily inactive; the present...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Vore M,Montgomery C,Meyers M

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00