The fourth mammalian molybdenum enzyme mARC: current state of research.

abstract：:For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Adiraju SKS,Shekar K,Fraser JF,Smith MT,Ghassabian S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for metabolizing approximately 25% of all drugs. CYP2D6 is highly expressed in the brain and plays a role as the major CYP in the metabolism of numerous brain-penetrant drugs, including antipsychotics and antidepressants. CYP2D6 activity and inhibition h...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ford KA,Ryslik G,Sodhi J,Halladay J,Diaz D,Dambach D,Masuda M

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Tew KD,Townsend DM

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineral fibers, including asbestos, are ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. Asbestos fibers are generally present at levels below 1 fiber/L in air though 10 fibers/L may be found in cities; these levels do not appear to be high enough to present a hazard to health. These fibers come mostly from the use of fibr...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Hoskins JA,Brown RC

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Multiple, clinically relevant, genetic variants of this gene have been identified and, among them, a gene deletion as well as multiplications of the gene. These large structural mutations in CYP2D6 occur at a relatively...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Meijerman I,Sanderson LM,Smits PH,Beijnen JH,Schellens JH

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug transporters and drug metabolism enzymes govern drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Many literature works presenting important aspects related to stereochemistry of drug metabolism are available. However, there is very little literature on stereoselectivity of chiral drug transport and enan...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou Q,Yu LS,Zeng S

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major constituents of cigarette tobacco tar, are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Knowing that PAH-induced toxicities are mediated by the activation of...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Korashy HM,El-Kadi AO

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of clinical drugs (e.g., clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n > 110), a number of procarcinogens (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and aromatic amines), and several important endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids). CYP1A2 is subject to rev...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou SF,Wang B,Yang LP,Liu JP

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate diazepam and oxazepam as cytochrome P450 inducers at doses previously shown to cause liver tumors in mice but not rats. In rats, diazepam and oxazepam induced CYP2B, and were as effective as phenobarbital despite lacking phenobarbital's tumor-promoting effect in rats. In mice, dia...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Parkinson A,Leonard N,Draper A,Ogilvie BW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this case study, in vitro and in vivo data were provided for saquinavir (SQV) showing that drug transporters play a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs. This article is focused on the more practical points with a technical emphasis. Currently many in vitro and in vivo experimental models hav...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Su Y,Lee SH,Sinko PJ

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Edelson J,Benziger DP

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of medical use in China and is still used worldwide. Unexpected herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to adverse drug reactions or loss of therapeutic efficacy of the victim drug. Here, based on searches of Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science using v...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ma BL,Ma YM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Sangkuhl K,Berlin DS,Altman RB,Klein TE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enormous efforts toward predicting the metabolic fate of a drug have been driven by the high attrition rate in drug development. To accelerate such efforts, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of drug recognition by drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, it is not surprising that an increasing number o...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dong D,Wu B

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivation gives rise to reactive metabolites/intermediates, which readily confer covalent binding to various target proteins by n...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou S,Chan E,Duan W,Huang M,Chen YZ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like any other drugs, antiallergic medications can be associated with large inter- and intraindividual variability in their disposition. The best-documented examples belong to the H1 antihistamines. Variable drugs are more likely to show unpredictable therapeutic response with both increased risks of side effects and ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Nicolas JM,Espie P,Molimard M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present, the methods and enzymology of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) lag behind that of the cytochromes P450 (CYPs). About 15 human UGTs have been identified, and knowledge about their regulation, substrate selectivity, and tissue distribution has progressed recently. Alamethicin has been characterized as...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Fisher MB,Paine MF,Strelevitz TJ,Wrighton SA

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, failure rates in drug development are high; increased sophistication and investment throughout the process has shifted the reasons for attrition, but the overall success rates have remained stubbornly and consistently low. Only 8% of new entities entering clinical testing gain regulatory approval, indica...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Maharao N,Antontsev V,Wright M,Varshney J

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herbert Remmer was a pioneer in the study of the phenomenon of enzyme induction. He was also a leading figure, if not the foremost, in the development of the discipline of toxicology in Germany during his tenure as Professor of Toxicology at the University of Tübingen. Included here are some brief thoughts about where...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Guengerich FP

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most foreign compounds, including nonnutrients in foods and vapors in air, undergo extensive metabolism before they are eliminated from the body. Included in this paper are discussions of the urinary clearance of various kinds of foreign compounds, the nonspecific enzymes that catalyze the formation of many metabolite...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Gillette JR

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450-based cancer gene therapy is a novel prodrug activation strategy for cancer treatment that has substantial potential for improving the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics. The primary goal of this strategy is to selectively increase tumor cell exposure to cytotoxic drug metabolites generate...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Waxman DJ,Chen L,Hecht JE,Jounaidi Y

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Stanley LA,Horsburgh BC,Ross J,Scheer N,Wolf CR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high rate of attrition during drug development and its associated high research and development (R&D) cost have put pressure on pharmaceutical companies to ensure that candidate drugs going to clinical testing have the appropriate quality such that the biological hypothesis could be evaluated. To help achieve this...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ballard P,Brassil P,Bui KH,Dolgos H,Petersson C,Tunek A,Webborn PJ

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are two major xeno-sensing transcription factors. They can be activated by a broad range of lipophilic xenobiotics including therapeutics drugs. In addition to xenobiotics, endogenous compounds suc...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Kodama S,Negishi M

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ronald Estabrook made his initial impact studying cytochrome P450 by demonstrating the oxidative metabolism function of this unique class of enzymes, which had an unusual spectral peak at 450 nm when reduced and in the presence of carbon monoxide. Utilizing a photochemical action spectrum, he demonstrated that a cytoc...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Sheets JJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review of the literature on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we describe recent developments of this technique in the medical field. SERS has developed rapidly in the last few years as a result of the fascinating advancements in instrumentation and the ability to interpret complex Raman data using hig...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Nima ZA,Biswas A,Bayer IS,Hardcastle FD,Perry D,Ghosh A,Dervishi E,Biris AS

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Jaeschke H,McGill MR,Ramachandran A

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When target organ toxicity arises in animal models during routine drug safety evaluation, it raises several key questions: Is this target organ toxicity related to the pharmacology? What is the mode of action (MOA)? Is the target organ toxicity relevant to humans? Pathology or prior knowledge of the compound class may...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Roberts R,Cain K,Coyle B,Freathy C,Leonard JF,Gautier JC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic releva...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dinis-Oliveira RJ

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present paper has discussed available test systems for determination of the response of G-6-PD-deficient human erythrocytes to environmental agents. The limitations and advantages of each model have been examined, and the results of research using each model have been presented. The future development of suitable ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Horton HM,Calabrese EJ

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00