Function and regulation of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) in the renal elimination of organic anions.

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Jaeschke H,McGill MR,Ramachandran A

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this case study, in vitro and in vivo data were provided for saquinavir (SQV) showing that drug transporters play a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs. This article is focused on the more practical points with a technical emphasis. Currently many in vitro and in vivo experimental models hav...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Su Y,Lee SH,Sinko PJ

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivation gives rise to reactive metabolites/intermediates, which readily confer covalent binding to various target proteins by n...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou S,Chan E,Duan W,Huang M,Chen YZ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Sangkuhl K,Berlin DS,Altman RB,Klein TE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Edelson J,Benziger DP

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal microflora can be modified by numerous factors derived from the host, the host's environment, and the flora itself. 2. Marked differences exist in microbial composition and metabolism of the gut floras of different species of animal, and in the degree of colonization o...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Rowland IR

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), a polymorphic Phase II enzyme, plays an essential role in metabolizing heterocyclic and aromatic amines, which are implicated in urinary bladder cancer (BCa). This systematic review investigates a possible association between the different NAT1 genetic polymorphisms and BCa risk. Medline,...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dhaini HR,El Hafi B,Khamis AM

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Stanley LA,Horsburgh BC,Ross J,Scheer N,Wolf CR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioconjugation of therapeutic agents has been used as a selective drug delivery platform for many therapeutic areas. Bioconjugates are prepared by the covalent linkage of active compounds (small or large molecule) to a carrier molecule (lipids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and polymers) through a chemical linker...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Liu H,Bolleddula J,Nichols A,Tang L,Zhao Z,Prakash C

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is located primarily in the central nervous system. CB1 is a therapeutic target which may impact pathways to mediate pain, neurodegenerative disorders, hunger, and drug-seeking behavior. Despite these benefits, development of orthosteric ther...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dopart R,Lu D,Lichtman AH,Kendall DA

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gold Nanostars (GNS) have attracted tremendous attention toward themselves owing to their multi-branched structure and unique properties. These state of the art metallic nanoparticles possess intrinsic features like remarkable optical properties and exceptional physiochemical activities. These star-shaped gold nanopar...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Mousavi SM,Zarei M,Hashemi SA,Ramakrishna S,Chiang WH,Lai CW,Gholami A

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Multiple, clinically relevant, genetic variants of this gene have been identified and, among them, a gene deletion as well as multiplications of the gene. These large structural mutations in CYP2D6 occur at a relatively...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Meijerman I,Sanderson LM,Smits PH,Beijnen JH,Schellens JH

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of drugs has to be demonstrated following the principal approach of statistical evaluation in controlled clinical trials. This scientifically and internationally accepted numerical approach has developed over the years to its importance, in contrast to the more pharmacologically attempt to extrapolate hum...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Hildebrandt AG

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. Recently, numerous cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) cDNAs have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhe...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Uno Y,Iwasaki K,Yamazaki H,Nelson DR

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When target organ toxicity arises in animal models during routine drug safety evaluation, it raises several key questions: Is this target organ toxicity related to the pharmacology? What is the mode of action (MOA)? Is the target organ toxicity relevant to humans? Pathology or prior knowledge of the compound class may...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Roberts R,Cain K,Coyle B,Freathy C,Leonard JF,Gautier JC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate diazepam and oxazepam as cytochrome P450 inducers at doses previously shown to cause liver tumors in mice but not rats. In rats, diazepam and oxazepam induced CYP2B, and were as effective as phenobarbital despite lacking phenobarbital's tumor-promoting effect in rats. In mice, dia...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Parkinson A,Leonard N,Draper A,Ogilvie BW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for metabolizing approximately 25% of all drugs. CYP2D6 is highly expressed in the brain and plays a role as the major CYP in the metabolism of numerous brain-penetrant drugs, including antipsychotics and antidepressants. CYP2D6 activity and inhibition h...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ford KA,Ryslik G,Sodhi J,Halladay J,Diaz D,Dambach D,Masuda M

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, the side-chain carboxymethyl derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine, has been known and available for almost 80 years. During this time, it has been put to a variety of uses, but it is within the field of respiratory medicine that, presently, it has found a clinical niche....

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Mitchell SC,Steventon GB

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily members (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) mediate the metabolism of approximately half all marketed drugs and thus play a critical role in the drug metabolism. A huge number of studies on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism in humans have demonstrated that CYP3A activity exhibits marked et...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Liu YT,Hao HP,Liu CX,Wang GJ,Xie HG

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present, the methods and enzymology of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) lag behind that of the cytochromes P450 (CYPs). About 15 human UGTs have been identified, and knowledge about their regulation, substrate selectivity, and tissue distribution has progressed recently. Alamethicin has been characterized as...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Fisher MB,Paine MF,Strelevitz TJ,Wrighton SA

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia may accompany harmful effects such as jaundice, brain dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic alterations of drugs. Clinical drugs are the important causes of hyperbilirubinemia, especially for patients with certain pathologic conditions or with genetic variations. This article reviews hyperbilirubinemic p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ah YM,Kim YM,Kim MJ,Choi YH,Park KH,Son IJ,Kim SG

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multiple functions of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase) in the cell are reviewed. NQO1 has long been viewed as a chemoprotective enzyme involved in cellular defense against the electrophilic and oxidizing metabolites of xenobiotic quinones. It also participates in reduction of endogenous quino...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ross D

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By inhibiting ACE, captopril blocks the conversion of AI or AII and augments the effects of bradykinin both in vitro and in vivo. In rats, dogs, and monkeys with 2-kidney renal hypertension, orally administered captopril rapidly and markedly reduces blood pressure; this antihypertensive effect apparently occurs via a ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Migdalof BH,Antonaccio MJ,McKinstry DN,Singhvi SM,Lan SJ,Egli P,Kripalani KJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, we have shown that steroid D-ring, but not steroid A-ring, glucuronide conjugates act at the level of the bile canaliculus to decrease bile-acid-dependent flow, initially; and subsequently, bile-acid-independent flow. These data indicate that glucuronide conjugates are not necessarily inactive; the present...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Vore M,Montgomery C,Meyers M

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Adiraju SKS,Shekar K,Fraser JF,Smith MT,Ghassabian S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, the concerns that environmental and other agents are causing adverse effects on reproductive function in humans are real, although the risk is not necessarily well characterized. The range of concerns for the types of effect that agents might have on reproduction span the full range of reproductive events....

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Schwetz BA

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Tew KD,Townsend DM

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Bordea IR,Candrea S,Alexescu GT,Bran S,Băciuț M,Băciuț G,Lucaciu O,Dinu CM,Todea DA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like any other drugs, antiallergic medications can be associated with large inter- and intraindividual variability in their disposition. The best-documented examples belong to the H1 antihistamines. Variable drugs are more likely to show unpredictable therapeutic response with both increased risks of side effects and ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Nicolas JM,Espie P,Molimard M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is a recently discovered molybdenum-containing enzyme in mammalians. Upon reconstitution with the electron transport proteins, cytochrome b(5) and its reductase, this molybdenum enzyme is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. It was named mARC because the N...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Havemeyer A,Lang J,Clement B

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00