解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Historically, failure rates in drug development are high; increased sophistication and investment throughout the process has shifted the reasons for attrition, but the overall success rates have remained stubbornly and consistently low. Only 8% of new entities entering clinical testing gain regulatory approval, indica...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1726944
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gold Nanostars (GNS) have attracted tremendous attention toward themselves owing to their multi-branched structure and unique properties. These state of the art metallic nanoparticles possess intrinsic features like remarkable optical properties and exceptional physiochemical activities. These star-shaped gold nanopar...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1734021
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioconjugation of therapeutic agents has been used as a selective drug delivery platform for many therapeutic areas. Bioconjugates are prepared by the covalent linkage of active compounds (small or large molecule) to a carrier molecule (lipids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and polymers) through a chemical linker...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1716784
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs are of a significant health concern. Illicit substances are taken by healthy individuals as well as by patients with medical conditions such as mental illnesses, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Many ind...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1697283
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant of the aminoketone group, structurally related to cathinone, associated with a wide interindividual variability. An extensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review of bupropion was performed, also focusing on chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, clinical and forensic a...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1620763
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole frequently used for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections, undergoes complex metabolism mainly involving various (polymorphic) cytochrome P450 enzymes in humans. Although high inter- and intraindividual variability in voriconazole pharmacokinetics have b...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1632888
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2017.1417423
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), a polymorphic Phase II enzyme, plays an essential role in metabolizing heterocyclic and aromatic amines, which are implicated in urinary bladder cancer (BCa). This systematic review investigates a possible association between the different NAT1 genetic polymorphisms and BCa risk. Medline,...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2017.1415928
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between marijuana use and schizophrenia has been noted for decades, and the recent emergence of high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) as drugs of abuse has lead to a growing number of clinical reports of persistent psychotic effects in users of these substances. The mechanisms underlying SCB-elici...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2018.1428343
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is located primarily in the central nervous system. CB1 is a therapeutic target which may impact pathways to mediate pain, neurodegenerative disorders, hunger, and drug-seeking behavior. Despite these benefits, development of orthosteric ther...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2018.1428342
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic releva...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of medical use in China and is still used worldwide. Unexpected herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to adverse drug reactions or loss of therapeutic efficacy of the victim drug. Here, based on searches of Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science using v...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1124888
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for metabolizing approximately 25% of all drugs. CYP2D6 is highly expressed in the brain and plays a role as the major CYP in the metabolism of numerous brain-penetrant drugs, including antipsychotics and antidepressants. CYP2D6 activity and inhibition h...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1047026
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with decreased quality of life, and increased mortality and morbidity from stroke and thromboembolism. The underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AF have yet to be fully elucidated. However, once initiated, AF t...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1077858
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global statistical data shed light on an alarming trend that every year thousands of people die due to adverse drug reactions as each individual responds in a different way to the same drug. Pharmacogenomics has come up as a promising field in drug development and clinical medication in the past few decades. It has em...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1047027
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic cannabinoids (SC), originally developed as research tools, are now highly abused novel psychoactive substances. We present a comprehensive systematic review covering in vivo and in vitro animal and human pharmacokinetics and analytical methods for identifying SC and their metabolites in biological matrices. ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1029635
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a widely used analgesic that is safe at therapeutic doses but is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) following overdose. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is related to the formation of an electrophilic reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NA...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2014.982865
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug transporters and drug metabolism enzymes govern drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Many literature works presenting important aspects related to stereochemistry of drug metabolism are available. However, there is very little literature on stereoselectivity of chiral drug transport and enan...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2014.887094
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review of the literature on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we describe recent developments of this technique in the medical field. SERS has developed rapidly in the last few years as a result of the fascinating advancements in instrumentation and the ability to interpret complex Raman data using hig...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2013.873451
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are two major xeno-sensing transcription factors. They can be activated by a broad range of lipophilic xenobiotics including therapeutics drugs. In addition to xenobiotics, endogenous compounds suc...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2013.835630
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent progresses in molecular biology and pharmacology approaches allowed the characterization of a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) as efficient regulators of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes activity. These regulatory processes ensure an optimized UGT expression in response to specific e...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2012.751992
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high rate of attrition during drug development and its associated high research and development (R&D) cost have put pressure on pharmaceutical companies to ensure that candidate drugs going to clinical testing have the appropriate quality such that the biological hypothesis could be evaluated. To help achieve this...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2012.691099
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, the side-chain carboxymethyl derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine, has been known and available for almost 80 years. During this time, it has been put to a variety of uses, but it is within the field of respiratory medicine that, presently, it has found a clinical niche....
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.631015
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.602688
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enormous efforts toward predicting the metabolic fate of a drug have been driven by the high attrition rate in drug development. To accelerate such efforts, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of drug recognition by drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, it is not surprising that an increasing number o...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.645581
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is a recently discovered molybdenum-containing enzyme in mammalians. Upon reconstitution with the electron transport proteins, cytochrome b(5) and its reductase, this molybdenum enzyme is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. It was named mARC because the N...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.608682
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. Recently, numerous cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) cDNAs have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhe...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2010.549492
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.552912
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of clinical drugs (e.g., clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n > 110), a number of procarcinogens (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and aromatic amines), and several important endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids). CYP1A2 is subject to rev...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602530903286476
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802605040
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like any other drugs, antiallergic medications can be associated with large inter- and intraindividual variability in their disposition. The best-documented examples belong to the H1 antihistamines. Variable drugs are more likely to show unpredictable therapeutic response with both increased risks of side effects and ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10837450902891485
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530802413338
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperbilirubinemia may accompany harmful effects such as jaundice, brain dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic alterations of drugs. Clinical drugs are the important causes of hyperbilirubinemia, especially for patients with certain pathologic conditions or with genetic variations. This article reviews hyperbilirubinemic p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802341133
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the regulatory, social, policy, and other issues that will shape the development of pharmacogenomics applications. We identify and analyze 19 key public policy issues, ranging from the economic incentives for linked diagnostic-drug development, to the regulation of tests and drugs, and to privacy ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530801952500
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CYP4 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the mammalian peroxidases covalently bind their heme groups. In the CYP4 enzymes this involves one, and in the peroxidases two, covalent ester links between heme methys and carboxylic acid side-chains. In addition, in myeloperoxidase, a methionine forms a sulfonium link t...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802186439
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily members (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) mediate the metabolism of approximately half all marketed drugs and thus play a critical role in the drug metabolism. A huge number of studies on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism in humans have demonstrated that CYP3A activity exhibits marked et...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530701690374
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Multiple, clinically relevant, genetic variants of this gene have been identified and, among them, a gene deletion as well as multiplications of the gene. These large structural mutations in CYP2D6 occur at a relatively...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600952206
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ronald Estabrook made his initial impact studying cytochrome P450 by demonstrating the oxidative metabolism function of this unique class of enzymes, which had an unusual spectral peak at 450 nm when reduced and in the presence of carbon monoxide. Utilizing a photochemical action spectrum, he demonstrated that a cytoc...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530701468318
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes. FMO3 is the primary human adult liver FMO enzyme, but is developmentally regulated. FMO3 promoter characterization using in vitro DNA binding assays with HepG2 cell and fetal and adult liver nuclear protein, as well as FMO3/repo...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530701498612
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00