Abstract：
:Mineral fibers, including asbestos, are ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. Asbestos fibers are generally present at levels below 1 fiber/L in air though 10 fibers/L may be found in cities; these levels do not appear to be high enough to present a hazard to health. These fibers come mostly from the use of fibrous materials as thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings, and their use as friction materials. Historically, occupational air levels were often very high and as a result there was a high incidence of fibrosis and also cancer in exposed workers, mostly among those in the industries concerned with the winning or processing of asbestos fiber. Levels high enough to produce disease have also occurred paraoccupationally in the families of asbestos workers. The effect of fire and explosion in a building is to disrupt its structure and vastly increase the level of airborne fiber for a considerable distance (kilometers) around it. Air levels of fiber can remain high for months, and as a result the earliest occupational experiences are likely to be repeated. The greatest danger is from exposure to blue and brown asbestos, and it is known that even a single high exposure can be responsible for the development of a tumor decades later.
journal_name
Drug Metab Revjournal_title
Drug metabolism reviewsauthors
Hoskins JA,Brown RCdoi
10.3109/03602539408998321subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
663-73issue
4eissn
0360-2532issn
1097-9883journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of medical use in China and is still used worldwide. Unexpected herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to adverse drug reactions or loss of therapeutic efficacy of the victim drug. Here, based on searches of Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science using v...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2015.1124888
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The high rate of attrition during drug development and its associated high research and development (R&D) cost have put pressure on pharmaceutical companies to ensure that candidate drugs going to clinical testing have the appropriate quality such that the biological hypothesis could be evaluated. To help achieve this...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2012.691099
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Multiple, clinically relevant, genetic variants of this gene have been identified and, among them, a gene deletion as well as multiplications of the gene. These large structural mutations in CYP2D6 occur at a relatively...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530600952206
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herbert Remmer was a pioneer in the study of the phenomenon of enzyme induction. He was also a leading figure, if not the foremost, in the development of the discipline of toxicology in Germany during his tenure as Professor of Toxicology at the University of Tübingen. Included here are some brief thoughts about where...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1081/dmr-200033409
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a widely used analgesic that is safe at therapeutic doses but is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) following overdose. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is related to the formation of an electrophilic reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NA...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2014.982865
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, we have shown that steroid D-ring, but not steroid A-ring, glucuronide conjugates act at the level of the bile canaliculus to decrease bile-acid-dependent flow, initially; and subsequently, bile-acid-independent flow. These data indicate that glucuronide conjugates are not necessarily inactive; the present...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/03602538308991419
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602538008994027
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this case study, in vitro and in vivo data were provided for saquinavir (SQV) showing that drug transporters play a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs. This article is focused on the more practical points with a technical emphasis. Currently many in vitro and in vivo experimental models hav...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-120037570
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, the side-chain carboxymethyl derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine, has been known and available for almost 80 years. During this time, it has been put to a variety of uses, but it is within the field of respiratory medicine that, presently, it has found a clinical niche....
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2011.631015
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), a polymorphic Phase II enzyme, plays an essential role in metabolizing heterocyclic and aromatic amines, which are implicated in urinary bladder cancer (BCa). This systematic review investigates a possible association between the different NAT1 genetic polymorphisms and BCa risk. Medline,...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1080/03602532.2017.1415928
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When target organ toxicity arises in animal models during routine drug safety evaluation, it raises several key questions: Is this target organ toxicity related to the pharmacology? What is the mode of action (MOA)? Is the target organ toxicity relevant to humans? Pathology or prior knowledge of the compound class may...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-120026395
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P450-based cancer gene therapy is a novel prodrug activation strategy for cancer treatment that has substantial potential for improving the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics. The primary goal of this strategy is to selectively increase tumor cell exposure to cytotoxic drug metabolites generate...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-100101933
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of drugs has to be demonstrated following the principal approach of statistical evaluation in controlled clinical trials. This scientifically and internationally accepted numerical approach has developed over the years to its importance, in contrast to the more pharmacologically attempt to extrapolate hum...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-200033500
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2011.552912
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aryl and heterocyclic amines are of particular interest because of their carcinogenicity. The N-hydroxy derivatives are formed by oxidation, usually by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and most often by P450 family 1. The mechanism of oxidation appears to resemble that of other P450 reactions. The N-hydroxy products...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-120005663
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. Recently, numerous cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) cDNAs have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhe...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2010.549492
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is a recently discovered molybdenum-containing enzyme in mammalians. Upon reconstitution with the electron transport proteins, cytochrome b(5) and its reductase, this molybdenum enzyme is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. It was named mARC because the N...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602532.2011.608682
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemicals that cause toxicity though a direct mechanism, such as acetaminophen, covalently bind to a select group of proteins prior to the development of toxicity, and these proteins may be important in the initiation of the events that lead to the hepatotoxicity. Disruption of the cell is measured by release of intra...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602539709037572
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CYP4 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the mammalian peroxidases covalently bind their heme groups. In the CYP4 enzymes this involves one, and in the peroxidases two, covalent ester links between heme methys and carboxylic acid side-chains. In addition, in myeloperoxidase, a methionine forms a sulfonium link t...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530802186439
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivation gives rise to reactive metabolites/intermediates, which readily confer covalent binding to various target proteins by n...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/dmr-200028812
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530802605040
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/03602530802413338
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily members (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) mediate the metabolism of approximately half all marketed drugs and thus play a critical role in the drug metabolism. A huge number of studies on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism in humans have demonstrated that CYP3A activity exhibits marked et...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530701690374
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major constituents of cigarette tobacco tar, are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Knowing that PAH-induced toxicities are mediated by the activation of...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530600632063
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes. FMO3 is the primary human adult liver FMO enzyme, but is developmentally regulated. FMO3 promoter characterization using in vitro DNA binding assays with HepG2 cell and fetal and adult liver nuclear protein, as well as FMO3/repo...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/03602530701498612
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormone-dependent breast cancers that overexpress the ligand-binding nuclear transcription factor, estrogen receptor (ER), represent the most common form of breast epithelial malignancy. Exposure of breast epithelial cells to a redox-cycling and arylating quinone induces mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylatio...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602530600959391
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper has discussed available test systems for determination of the response of G-6-PD-deficient human erythrocytes to environmental agents. The limitations and advantages of each model have been examined, and the results of research using each model have been presented. The future development of suitable ...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602538608998292
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The body is considered as a system composed of a number of subsystems. The response(s) of a drug is a complicated function of the concentration in the blood plasma, which in turn is some function of the dosage input. The dose-response curve of a drug in a subsystem (e.g., isolated organ) is, over a limited concentrati...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/03602538409015072
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An association between marijuana use and schizophrenia has been noted for decades, and the recent emergence of high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) as drugs of abuse has lead to a growing number of clinical reports of persistent psychotic effects in users of these substances. The mechanisms underlying SCB-elici...
journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/03602532.2018.1428343
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
