Abstract:
:Herbert Remmer was a pioneer in the study of the phenomenon of enzyme induction. He was also a leading figure, if not the foremost, in the development of the discipline of toxicology in Germany during his tenure as Professor of Toxicology at the University of Tübingen. Included here are some brief thoughts about where toxicology came from, where it is today, and what the future is. Toxicology is at a crossroads today, at an interface between basic science and applied projects. From its past as a descriptive discipline, it has incorporated a medley of concepts and technology from basic science. The usefulness of many approaches is now being evaluated. The hope is that toxicology will be able to be much more predictive in the future; a great need exists in the pharmaceutical industry. The shape of academic toxicology is also changing.
journal_name
Drug Metab Revjournal_title
Drug metabolism reviewsauthors
Guengerich FPdoi
10.1081/dmr-200033409keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
475-86issue
3-4eissn
0360-2532issn
1097-9883journal_volume
36pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Cytochrome P450-based cancer gene therapy is a novel prodrug activation strategy for cancer treatment that has substantial potential for improving the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics. The primary goal of this strategy is to selectively increase tumor cell exposure to cytotoxic drug metabolites generate...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-100101933
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycyrrhizic acid is widely applied as a sweetener in food products and chewing tobacco. In addition, it is of clinical interest for possible treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In some highly exposed subjects, side effects such as hypertension and symptoms associated with electrolyte disturbances have been reported. To...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-100104400
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydroepiandrosterone has been thought to have physiological functions other than as an androgen precursor. The previous studies performed have demonstrated a number of biological effects in rodents, such as amelioration of disease in diabetic, chemical carcinogenesis, and obesity models. To date, activation of the p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600569877
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with decreased quality of life, and increased mortality and morbidity from stroke and thromboembolism. The underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AF have yet to be fully elucidated. However, once initiated, AF t...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1077858
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent progresses in molecular biology and pharmacology approaches allowed the characterization of a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) as efficient regulators of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes activity. These regulatory processes ensure an optimized UGT expression in response to specific e...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2012.751992
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indirect evidence for the participation of cytochrome P450 (P450) in the microsomal N-oxygenation of primary and N-substituted amine functions is presented by studies employing diagnostic modifiers of the hemoprotein system as well as immunochemical approaches. Experiments with recombinant hemoproteins or isozymes pur...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120005646
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is located primarily in the central nervous system. CB1 is a therapeutic target which may impact pathways to mediate pain, neurodegenerative disorders, hunger, and drug-seeking behavior. Despite these benefits, development of orthosteric ther...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2018.1428342
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The body is considered as a system composed of a number of subsystems. The response(s) of a drug is a complicated function of the concentration in the blood plasma, which in turn is some function of the dosage input. The dose-response curve of a drug in a subsystem (e.g., isolated organ) is, over a limited concentrati...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538409015072
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mineral fibers, including asbestos, are ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. Asbestos fibers are generally present at levels below 1 fiber/L in air though 10 fibers/L may be found in cities; these levels do not appear to be high enough to present a hazard to health. These fibers come mostly from the use of fibr...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602539408998321
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperbilirubinemia may accompany harmful effects such as jaundice, brain dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic alterations of drugs. Clinical drugs are the important causes of hyperbilirubinemia, especially for patients with certain pathologic conditions or with genetic variations. This article reviews hyperbilirubinemic p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802341133
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs are of a significant health concern. Illicit substances are taken by healthy individuals as well as by patients with medical conditions such as mental illnesses, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Many ind...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1697283
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a widely used analgesic that is safe at therapeutic doses but is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) following overdose. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is related to the formation of an electrophilic reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NA...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2014.982865
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant of the aminoketone group, structurally related to cathinone, associated with a wide interindividual variability. An extensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review of bupropion was performed, also focusing on chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, clinical and forensic a...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1620763
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.552912
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenobiotic metabolism, a ubiquitous natural response to foreign compounds, elicits initiating signals for many pathophysiological events. Currently, most widely used techniques for identifying xenobiotic metabolites and metabolic pathways are empirical and largely based on in vitro incubation assays and in vivo radiot...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530701497804
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review of the literature on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we describe recent developments of this technique in the medical field. SERS has developed rapidly in the last few years as a result of the fascinating advancements in instrumentation and the ability to interpret complex Raman data using hig...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2013.873451
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802605040
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When target organ toxicity arises in animal models during routine drug safety evaluation, it raises several key questions: Is this target organ toxicity related to the pharmacology? What is the mode of action (MOA)? Is the target organ toxicity relevant to humans? Pathology or prior knowledge of the compound class may...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120026395
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lung, which is in intimate contact with the external environment, is exposed to a number of toxicants both by virtue of its large surface area and because it receives 100% of the cardiac output. Lung diseases are a major disease entity in the U.S. population ranking third in terms of morbidity and mortality. Despi...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120015694
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic releva...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major constituents of cigarette tobacco tar, are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Knowing that PAH-induced toxicities are mediated by the activation of...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600632063
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aryl and heterocyclic amines are of particular interest because of their carcinogenicity. The N-hydroxy derivatives are formed by oxidation, usually by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and most often by P450 family 1. The mechanism of oxidation appears to resemble that of other P450 reactions. The N-hydroxy products...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120005663
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rat P450IIA subfamily was characterized at the protein, cDNA, and gene level. The purified IIA1 and IIA2 P-450s displayed distinct positional specificities toward hydroxylation of the prototype substrate testosterone. The IIA1 and IIA2 genes were also regulated differently during development; IIA1 was expressed wi...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03602538909103582
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2017.1417423
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538008994027
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global statistical data shed light on an alarming trend that every year thousands of people die due to adverse drug reactions as each individual responds in a different way to the same drug. Pharmacogenomics has come up as a promising field in drug development and clinical medication in the past few decades. It has em...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1047027
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal microflora can be modified by numerous factors derived from the host, the host's environment, and the flora itself. 2. Marked differences exist in microbial composition and metabolism of the gut floras of different species of animal, and in the degree of colonization o...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538808994135
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this case study, in vitro and in vivo data were provided for saquinavir (SQV) showing that drug transporters play a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs. This article is focused on the more practical points with a technical emphasis. Currently many in vitro and in vivo experimental models hav...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120037570
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is a recently discovered molybdenum-containing enzyme in mammalians. Upon reconstitution with the electron transport proteins, cytochrome b(5) and its reductase, this molybdenum enzyme is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. It was named mARC because the N...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.608682
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enormous efforts toward predicting the metabolic fate of a drug have been driven by the high attrition rate in drug development. To accelerate such efforts, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of drug recognition by drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, it is not surprising that an increasing number o...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.645581
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00