The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid evaluated by physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.

abstract：:Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily members (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) mediate the metabolism of approximately half all marketed drugs and thus play a critical role in the drug metabolism. A huge number of studies on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism in humans have demonstrated that CYP3A activity exhibits marked et...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Liu YT,Hao HP,Liu CX,Wang GJ,Xie HG

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Jaeschke H,McGill MR,Ramachandran A

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent progresses in molecular biology and pharmacology approaches allowed the characterization of a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) as efficient regulators of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes activity. These regulatory processes ensure an optimized UGT expression in response to specific e...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Bigo C,Caron S,Dallaire-Théroux A,Barbier O

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenobiotic metabolism, a ubiquitous natural response to foreign compounds, elicits initiating signals for many pathophysiological events. Currently, most widely used techniques for identifying xenobiotic metabolites and metabolic pathways are empirical and largely based on in vitro incubation assays and in vivo radiot...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Chen C,Gonzalez FJ,Idle JR

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multistep, clonal evolution model of cancer predicts fundamental mechanisms by which chemicals may influence the cancer process. These are illustrated by studies of the mechanisms of induction of carcinogenesis by estrogens and the inhibition of carcinogenesis by caloric restriction. ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Barrett JC

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), a polymorphic Phase II enzyme, plays an essential role in metabolizing heterocyclic and aromatic amines, which are implicated in urinary bladder cancer (BCa). This systematic review investigates a possible association between the different NAT1 genetic polymorphisms and BCa risk. Medline,...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dhaini HR,El Hafi B,Khamis AM

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone has been thought to have physiological functions other than as an androgen precursor. The previous studies performed have demonstrated a number of biological effects in rodents, such as amelioration of disease in diabetic, chemical carcinogenesis, and obesity models. To date, activation of the p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Webb SJ,Geoghegan TE,Prough RA,Michael Miller KK

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was p...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Edelson J,Benziger DP

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Sangkuhl K,Berlin DS,Altman RB,Klein TE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Adiraju SKS,Shekar K,Fraser JF,Smith MT,Ghassabian S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole frequently used for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections, undergoes complex metabolism mainly involving various (polymorphic) cytochrome P450 enzymes in humans. Although high inter- and intraindividual variability in voriconazole pharmacokinetics have b...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Schulz J,Kluwe F,Mikus G,Michelet R,Kloft C

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes. FMO3 is the primary human adult liver FMO enzyme, but is developmentally regulated. FMO3 promoter characterization using in vitro DNA binding assays with HepG2 cell and fetal and adult liver nuclear protein, as well as FMO3/repo...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Klick DE,Hines RN

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is located primarily in the central nervous system. CB1 is a therapeutic target which may impact pathways to mediate pain, neurodegenerative disorders, hunger, and drug-seeking behavior. Despite these benefits, development of orthosteric ther...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Dopart R,Lu D,Lichtman AH,Kendall DA

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Tew KD,Townsend DM

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tumors arise from multiple genetic changes that gradually transform growth-limited cells into highly invasive cells that are unresponsive to growth controls. The genetic evolution of normal cells into cancer cells is largely determined by the fidelity of DNA replication, repair, and division. Cell-cycle arrest i...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Flatt PM,Pietenpol JA

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By inhibiting ACE, captopril blocks the conversion of AI or AII and augments the effects of bradykinin both in vitro and in vivo. In rats, dogs, and monkeys with 2-kidney renal hypertension, orally administered captopril rapidly and markedly reduces blood pressure; this antihypertensive effect apparently occurs via a ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Migdalof BH,Antonaccio MJ,McKinstry DN,Singhvi SM,Lan SJ,Egli P,Kripalani KJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate diazepam and oxazepam as cytochrome P450 inducers at doses previously shown to cause liver tumors in mice but not rats. In rats, diazepam and oxazepam induced CYP2B, and were as effective as phenobarbital despite lacking phenobarbital's tumor-promoting effect in rats. In mice, dia...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Parkinson A,Leonard N,Draper A,Ogilvie BW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review of the literature on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we describe recent developments of this technique in the medical field. SERS has developed rapidly in the last few years as a result of the fascinating advancements in instrumentation and the ability to interpret complex Raman data using hig...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Nima ZA,Biswas A,Bayer IS,Hardcastle FD,Perry D,Ghosh A,Dervishi E,Biris AS

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of clinical drugs (e.g., clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n > 110), a number of procarcinogens (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and aromatic amines), and several important endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids). CYP1A2 is subject to rev...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou SF,Wang B,Yang LP,Liu JP

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs are of a significant health concern. Illicit substances are taken by healthy individuals as well as by patients with medical conditions such as mental illnesses, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Many ind...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Abbott KL,Flannery PC,Gill KS,Boothe DM,Dhanasekaran M,Mani S,Pondugula SR

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect evidence for the participation of cytochrome P450 (P450) in the microsomal N-oxygenation of primary and N-substituted amine functions is presented by studies employing diagnostic modifiers of the hemoprotein system as well as immunochemical approaches. Experiments with recombinant hemoproteins or isozymes pur...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Hlavica P

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone-dependent breast cancers that overexpress the ligand-binding nuclear transcription factor, estrogen receptor (ER), represent the most common form of breast epithelial malignancy. Exposure of breast epithelial cells to a redox-cycling and arylating quinone induces mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylatio...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Benz CC,Atsriku C,Yau C,Britton D,Schilling B,Gibson BW,Baldwin MA,Scott GK

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global statistical data shed light on an alarming trend that every year thousands of people die due to adverse drug reactions as each individual responds in a different way to the same drug. Pharmacogenomics has come up as a promising field in drug development and clinical medication in the past few decades. It has em...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Chaudhary R,Singh B,Kumar M,Gakhar SK,Saini AK,Parmar VS,Chhillar AK

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aryl and heterocyclic amines are of particular interest because of their carcinogenicity. The N-hydroxy derivatives are formed by oxidation, usually by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and most often by P450 family 1. The mechanism of oxidation appears to resemble that of other P450 reactions. The N-hydroxy products...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Guengerich FP

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug transporters and drug metabolism enzymes govern drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Many literature works presenting important aspects related to stereochemistry of drug metabolism are available. However, there is very little literature on stereoselectivity of chiral drug transport and enan...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Zhou Q,Yu LS,Zeng S

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present paper has discussed available test systems for determination of the response of G-6-PD-deficient human erythrocytes to environmental agents. The limitations and advantages of each model have been examined, and the results of research using each model have been presented. The future development of suitable ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Horton HM,Calabrese EJ

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of drugs has to be demonstrated following the principal approach of statistical evaluation in controlled clinical trials. This scientifically and internationally accepted numerical approach has developed over the years to its importance, in contrast to the more pharmacologically attempt to extrapolate hum...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Hildebrandt AG

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multiple functions of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase) in the cell are reviewed. NQO1 has long been viewed as a chemoprotective enzyme involved in cellular defense against the electrophilic and oxidizing metabolites of xenobiotic quinones. It also participates in reduction of endogenous quino...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Ross D

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Stanley LA,Horsburgh BC,Ross J,Scheer N,Wolf CR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemicals that cause toxicity though a direct mechanism, such as acetaminophen, covalently bind to a select group of proteins prior to the development of toxicity, and these proteins may be important in the initiation of the events that lead to the hepatotoxicity. Disruption of the cell is measured by release of intra...

journal_title：Drug metabolism reviews

authors： Pumford NR,Halmes NC,Hinson JA

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00