Abstract:
:We report evidence for a developmental role of acetylcholine in axon pathfinding in the Drosophila visual system. Acetylcholine was detected on photoreceptor axons during their navigation to target sites in the brain, a time well before the formation of functional synapses. The pattern of photoreceptor axon projections was severely disrupted when acetylcholine synthesis or metabolism was altered or eliminated, or when transgenic alpha-bungarotoxin, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, was expressed in the developing eye or brain. The requirement for acetylcholine signaling exists before photoreceptor neurons form synaptic connections and does not require the function of vesicular acetylcholine transporter protein. That this early effect of acetylcholine is mediated through nonvesicular release is further supported by the observation that transgenic expression of tetanus toxin, a blocker of neurotransmitter release via synaptic vesicles, did not cause similar photoreceptor axon projection defects. These observations support the notion that a form of acetylcholine secretion mediates the behavior of growth cones during axon pathfinding.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Yang H,Kunes Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.0308141101keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-19 00:00:00pages
15213-8issue
42eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0308141101journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Fetal exposure to environmental insults increases the susceptibility to late-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Alcohol is listed as one of such prenatal environmental risk factors and known to exert devastating teratogenetic effects on the developing brain, leading to complex neurological and psychiatric symptoms obse...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100903108
更新日期:2011-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::We have inserted the sequence 5'-AAG-GAGGU-3', which is complementary to the 3' terminus of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA, in a reading frame and analyzed its effect on the accuracy and overall rate of translation in vivo. Translation over the sequence yields a 50% ribosomal frameshift if the reading phase is A-AGG-AGG-U....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.7967
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoprecipitation of proteins extracted from metabolically labeled human glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma cells with antiserum to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) showed that these cells express and secrete proteins that are recognized specifically by the antiserum. The molecular masses of immunoprecipitated prote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.8.2404
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokine homologs are encoded by many large DNA viruses, suggesting that they contribute to control of host leukocyte transmigration and trafficking during viral infection. Murine cytomegalovirus carries a CC (beta) chemokine homolog gene giving rise to two related proteins, murine cytomegalovirus chemokine 1 and 2 (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10881
更新日期:1999-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is known to cause tumorigenesis through induction of DNA and lipid damage. It also promotes cancer progression through a largely unknown mechanism. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is a novel oxidative stress-induced antioxidant protein whose function in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has not been well studie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013012108
更新日期:2011-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The rat insulin-like growth factor II gene, encoding a fetal somatomedin, expresses a multitranscript family in embryonic/fetal tissues and in the adult brain and spinal cord. By performing in situ hybridization on tissue sections of adult brain and spinal cord, we have found that these transcripts are not expressed i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.141
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groundwater arsenic (As) is elevated in the shallow Holocene aquifers of Bangladesh. In the dry season, the shallow groundwater discharges to major rivers. This process may influence the chemistry of the river and the hyporheic zone sediment. To assess the fate of As during discharge, surface (0-5 cm) and subsurface (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908168106
更新日期:2009-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::When long polymers such as DNA are in a highly concentrated state they may become entangled, leading to restricted self-diffusion. Here, we investigate the effect of molecular topology on diffusion in concentrated DNA solutions and find surprisingly large effects, even with molecules of modest length and concentration...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700137104
更新日期:2007-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The conjugal transmission of plasmid ColE1 and its derivatives can lead to recA-independent recombination. The recombination is not observed during vegetative growth and takes place specifically between the sequences that are thought to represent the transfer origin of ColE1. This provides genetic evidence for breakag...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.11.6724
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein famously noted that the formation of semantic representations requires more than a simple combination of verbal and nonverbal features to generate conceptually based similarities and differences. Classical and contemporary neuroscience has tended to focus upon how diff...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907307107
更新日期:2010-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, infectious diseases, and cancer. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective antiinflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing unique...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914414107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide-protein interactions are important mediators of cellular-signaling events. Consensus binding motifs (also known as short linear motifs) within these contacts underpin molecular recognition, yet have poor pharmacological properties as discrete species. Here, we present methods to transform intact peptides into ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1311706110
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are phosphotyrosine-binding modules found within various signal-transducing proteins. We have determined by 125I competition assay and surface plasmon resonance that the SH2 domains of Src and Lck bind to a variety of phosphopeptides with similar affinity and specificity. Both bound with h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4902
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 1 in 10,000 female live births. The underlying cause of RTT is mutations in the X-linked gene, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2); however, the molecular mechanism by which these mutations mediate the RTT neuropathology remains enigmatic....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1722546115
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase leads to chloride flux in epithelial cells. Is CFTR also required for the calcium-dependent activation of chloride channels? We used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to CFTR to reduce the expression of CFT...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6785
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently established that several mRNAs encode the PR264/SC35 splicing factor and that their expression is related to that of c-Myb in human hematopoietic cells. We now report that the various PR264 mRNAs whose expression is transactivated by c-Myb proteins encode an identical PR264/SC35 polypeptide. These mRN...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.932
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more than a century we have understood that our brain's left hemisphere is the primary site for processing language, yet why this is so has remained more elusive. Using positron emission tomography, we report cerebral blood flow activity in profoundly deaf signers processing specific aspects of sign language in ke...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.25.13961
更新日期:2000-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with epithelial and lymphoid malignancies, establishes latent infection in memory B cells, and intermittently produces infectious virions through lytic replication. Released virions play a key role in latent reservoir maintenance and transmission. Lytic EBV transcription differs ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2000625117
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::There is no theoretical limit in using molecular networks to harvest diffusive sun photons on large areas and funnel them onto much smaller areas of highly efficient but also precious energy-converting materials. The most effective concept reported so far is based on a pool of randomly oriented, light-harvesting donor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2019198117
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::ClpB is a ring-forming, ATP-dependent protein disaggregase that cooperates with the cognate Hsp70 system to recover functional protein from aggregates. How ClpB harnesses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to facilitate the mechanical unfolding of previously aggregated, stress-damaged proteins remains unclear. H...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1207040109
更新日期:2012-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Replication-competent viruses, such as Vaccinia virus (VACV), are powerful tools for the development of oncolytic viral therapies and elicit superior immune responses when used as vaccine and immunotherapeutic vectors. However, severe complications from uncontrolled viral replication can occur, particularly in immunoc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314483110
更新日期:2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess whether DNA rearrangement occurs with equal frequency at each of the several J (joining region) elements in the mouse kappa light chain locus, we set out to determine the relative frequency of usage of J kappa segments in populations of B lymphocytes unperturbed by antigenic selection or cloning. To...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.15.4756
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids are commonly used antiinflammatory agents whose use is limited by side effects. We have developed a series of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands that retain the strong antiinflammatory activity of conventional glucocorticoids with reduced side effects. We present a compound, LGD5552, that binds the r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705517104
更新日期:2007-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The human Thy-1 gene has been isolated and sequenced and compared to the rat and mouse Thy-1 genes. All three genes are organized in the same way: one exon encoding the majority of the signal peptide, another encoding the transmembrane segment, and a third encoding the remainder of the protein. One major structural di...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6657
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collagen fibrils can exceed thousands of microns in length and are therefore the longest, largest, and most size-pleomorphic protein polymers in vertebrates; thus, knowing how cells transport collagen fibrils is essential for a more complete understanding of protein transport and its role in tissue morphogenesis. Here...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314348110
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1812453116
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::The fact that animal introns are not spliced out in plants suggests that recognition of pre-mRNA splice sites differs between the two kingdoms. In plants, little is known about proteins required for splicing, as no plant in vitro splicing system is available. Several essential splicing factors from animals, such as SF...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3074
更新日期:1996-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and a deficiency of serum and tissue liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP) activity. Clinical severity is variable, ranging from death in utero (due to severe rickets) to pathologic fractures first presenting in adult...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7666
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about genetic regulation of the development of white matter. This knowledge is critical in understanding the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental syndromes associated with altered cognition as well as in elucidating the genetics of normal human cognition. The hemideletion of approximately 25 genes on ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704311104
更新日期:2007-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::With efforts underway to develop a preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, it remains unclear which immune responses are sufficient to protect against infection and whether prior HIV-1 immunity can alter the subsequent course of HIV-1 infection. We investigated these issues in the context of a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.3972
更新日期:1996-04-30 00:00:00