Safety mechanism assisted by the repressor of tetracycline (SMART) vaccinia virus vectors for vaccines and therapeutics.

abstract：:As an aid to the study of bovine tuberculosis (TB), a simple model has been developed of an epidemic involving two species, cattle and badgers. Each species may infect the other. The proportion of animals affected is assumed relatively small so that the usual nonlinear aspects of epidemic theory are avoided. The model...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox DR,Donnelly CA,Bourne FJ,Gettinby G,McInerney JP,Morrison WI,Woodroffe R

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital malformations now represent the largest single cause of mortality in the infant of the diabetic mother. The mechanism by which diabetes exerts its teratogenic effects is not known. This study evaluated whether arachidonic acid might be involved, a possibility raised by the role of arachidonic acid in palata...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldman AS,Baker L,Piddington R,Marx B,Herold R,Egler J

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We synthesized a series of octapeptide analogs of somatostatin, containing N-terminal tryptophan or another amino acid followed by the hexapeptide sequences Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys or Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys and a C-terminal threoninamide or tryptophanamide. After purification by HPLC, the inhibitory activities of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cai RZ,Karashima T,Guoth J,Szoke B,Olsen D,Schally AV

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early embryos of many organisms develop outside the mother and are immediately confronted with myriads of potential colonizers. How these naive developmental stages control and shape the bacterial colonization is largely unknown. Here we show that early embryonic stages of the basal metazoan Hydra are able to control ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraune S,Augustin R,Anton-Erxleben F,Wittlieb J,Gelhaus C,Klimovich VB,Samoilovich MP,Bosch TC

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial distribution of plant defenses within a leaf may be critical in explaining patterns of herbivory. The generalist lepidopteran larvae, Helicoverpa armigera (the cotton bollworm), avoided the midvein and periphery of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and fed almost exclusively on the inner lamina. This fee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shroff R,Vergara F,Muck A,Svatos A,Gershenzon J

更新日期：2008-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:An AU rich element (ARE) in the 3' noncoding region promotes the rapid degradation of mammalian cytokine and proto-oncogene mRNAs, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and c-fos. Destabilization of ARE-mRNAs involves the association of ARE-binding proteins tris...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laroia G,Sarkar B,Schneider RJ

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Erikson J,Miller DA,Miller OJ,Abcarian PW,Skurla RM,Mushinski JF,Croce CM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An unusual system of genetic exchange exists in the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. DNA transmission is mediated by a small bacteriophage-like particle called the gene transfer agent (GTA) that transfers random 4.5-kb segments of the producing cell's genome to recipient cells, where allelic replacem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lang AS,Beatty JT

更新日期：2000-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice have been used to address the issue of the oncogenic potential of mutant guanine nucleotide stimulatory factor (Gs) alpha subunit in the thyroid gland. The expression of the mutant Arg-201-->His Gs alpha subunit transgene has been directed to murine thyroid epithelial cells by bovine thyroglobulin prom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michiels FM,Caillou B,Talbot M,Dessarps-Freichey F,Maunoury MT,Schlumberger M,Mercken L,Monier R,Feunteun J

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis thaliana disease resistance genes RPS2 and RPM1 belong to a class of plant disease resistance genes that encode proteins that contain an N-terminal tripartite nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a C-terminal tandem array of leucine-rich repeats. RPS2 and RPM1 confer resistance to strains of the bacterial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leister RT,Ausubel FM,Katagiri F

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:After the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses in 1957, 1968, and 2009, existing seasonal viruses were observed to be replaced in the human population by the novel pandemic strains. We have previously hypothesized that the replacement of seasonal strains was mediated, in part, by a population-scale boost in antibod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pica N,Hai R,Krammer F,Wang TT,Maamary J,Eggink D,Tan GS,Krause JC,Moran T,Stein CR,Banach D,Wrammert J,Belshe RB,García-Sastre A,Palese P

更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A metabolic mechanism for oxalic acid biosynthesis in the wood-rotting basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris has been proposed on the basis of biochemical analyses of glucose metabolism. There was a strong correlation between glucose consumption and oxalate production. Oxalic acid was found to accumulate in the culture f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Munir E,Yoon JJ,Tokimatsu T,Hattori T,Shimada M

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCIDX1) is characterized by the absence of T-cell and natural killer cell development and results from molecular mutations of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain. The IL-2R gamma chain is a common component of the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 receptor sy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiSanto JP,Rieux-Laucat F,Dautry-Varsat A,Fischer A,de Saint Basile G

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Misalignment between internal circadian rhythmicity and externally imposed behavioral schedules, such as occurs in shift workers, has been implicated in elevated risk of metabolic disorders. To determine underlying mechanisms, it is essential to assess whether and how peripheral clocks are disturbed during shift work ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skene DJ,Skornyakov E,Chowdhury NR,Gajula RP,Middleton B,Satterfield BC,Porter KI,Van Dongen HPA,Gaddameedhi S

更新日期：2018-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated photoaffinity analogs of the natural lepidopteran juvenile hormones, JH I and II [epoxy[3H]bishomofarnesyl diazoacetate ([3H]EBDA) and epoxy[3H]homofarnesyl diazoacetate ([3H]EHDA)], and of the JH analog methoprene [[3H]methoprene diazoketone ([3H]MDK)] were synthesized and used to identify specific JH bindi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palli SR,Osir EO,Eng W,Boehm MF,Edwards M,Kulcsar P,Ujvary I,Hiruma K,Prestwich GD,Riddiford LM

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterogeneity of heart failure (HF) phenotypes indicates contributions from underlying common polymorphisms. We considered polymorphisms in the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)AR), a beta-blocker target, as candidate pharmacogenomic loci. Transfected cells, genotyped human nonfailing and failing ventricles, and a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liggett SB,Mialet-Perez J,Thaneemit-Chen S,Weber SA,Greene SM,Hodne D,Nelson B,Morrison J,Domanski MJ,Wagoner LE,Abraham WT,Anderson JL,Carlquist JF,Krause-Steinrauf HJ,Lazzeroni LC,Port JD,Lavori PW,Bristow MR

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular clocks have been used to date the divergence of humans and chimpanzees for nearly four decades. Nonetheless, this date and its confidence interval remain to be firmly established. In an effort to generate a genomic view of the human-chimpanzee divergence, we have analyzed 167 nuclear protein-coding genes and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumar S,Filipski A,Swarna V,Walker A,Hedges SB

更新日期：2005-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Redistribution of specialized molecules in migrating cells develops asymmetry between two opposite cell poles, the leading edge and the uropod. We show that acquisition of a motile phenotype in T lymphocytes results in the asymmetric redistribution of ganglioside GM3- and GM1-enriched raft domains to the leading edge ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gómez-Móuton C,Abad JL,Mira E,Lacalle RA,Gallardo E,Jiménez-Baranda S,Illa I,Bernad A,Mañes S,Martínez-A C

更新日期：2001-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The diabetogenic agent alloxan exerts a preferential cytotoxic effect on the pancreatic B cell. The determinants of such a tissue specificity were investigated. Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets but much more slowly in muscle. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the resistance to exogen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malaisse WJ,Malaisse-Lagae F,Sener A,Pipeleers DG

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) was produced in Escherichia coli by transforming cells with an expression vector containing a reconstructed apoE cDNA, a lambda PL promoter regulated by the thermolabile cI repressor, and a ribosomal binding site derived from the lambda cII or the E. coli beta-lactamase gene. Transformed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogel T,Weisgraber KH,Zeevi MI,Ben-Artzi H,Levanon AZ,Rall SC Jr,Innerarity TL,Hui DY,Taylor JM,Kanner D

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a method for predicting protein folding class based on global protein chain description and a voting process. Selection of the best descriptors was achieved by a computer-simulated neural network trained on a data base consisting of 83 folding classes. Protein-chain descriptors include overall composition, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dubchak I,Muchnik I,Holbrook SR,Kim SH

更新日期：1995-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells must respond differently to antigens of varying affinity presented at different doses. Previous attempts to map peptide MHC (pMHC) affinity onto T-cell responses have produced inconsistent patterns of responses, preventing formulations of canonical models of T-cell signaling. Here, a systematic analysis of T-c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lever M,Lim HS,Kruger P,Nguyen J,Trendel N,Abu-Shah E,Maini PK,van der Merwe PA,Dushek O

更新日期：2016-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike tailed bacteriophages, which use a preformed tail for transporting their genomes into a host bacterium, the ssDNA bacteriophage ΦX174 is tailless. Using cryo-electron microscopy and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) form bilayers that interact with ΦX174 at an ic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun Y,Roznowski AP,Tokuda JM,Klose T,Mauney A,Pollack L,Fane BA,Rossmann MG

更新日期：2017-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins potentiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce a transformed phenotype in non-neoplastic rat kidney fibroblasts in cell culture have been isolated from many non-neoplastic tissues of the adult mouse, including submaxillary gland, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, and brain. They resemble previously descri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roberts AB,Anzano MA,Lamb LC,Smith JM,Sporn MB

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One can imagine a variety of mechanisms that should result in self-perpetuating biological states. It is generally assumed that cytosine methylation is propagated in eukaryotes by enzymes that specifically methylate hemimethylated symmetrical sites (e.g., (5')CpGGpC(5') or (5')CpNpGGpNpC(5')). Although there is wide s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Selker EU,Freitag M,Kothe GO,Margolin BS,Rountree MR,Allis CD,Tamaru H

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal that acts to minimize contact between predator and unprofitable prey. The conditions favoring the evolution of aposematic coloration remain largely unidentified. Recent work suggests that diet specialization and resultant toxicity may play a role in faci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prudic KL,Oliver JC,Sperling FA

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A target protein for nalidixic and oxolinic acids in Escherichia coli, the nalA gene product (Pnal), was purified to homogeneity as judged by gel electrophoresis, using an in vitro complementation assay. It is a dimer of identical 110,000-dalton subunits. A polypeptide of this molecular weight is uniquely induced by a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugino A,Peebles CL,Kreuzer KN,Cozzarelli NR

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our recent studies have shown that deregulated expression of R2, the rate-limiting component of ribonucleotide reductase, enhances transformation and malignant potential by cooperating with activated oncogenes. We now demonstrate that the R1 component of ribonucleotide reductase has tumor-suppressing activity. Stable ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fan H,Huang A,Villegas C,Wright JA

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is a 13-subunit protein complex that catalyzes the last step in mitochondrial electron transfer in mammals. Of the 10 subunits encoded by nuclear DNA (three are mtDNA products), some are expressed as tissue- and/or development-specific isoforms. For COX subunit VIII, previous work showed tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldberg A,Wildman DE,Schmidt TR,Huttemann M,Goodman M,Weiss ML,Grossman LI

更新日期：2003-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding protein-protein interactions is central to our understanding of almost all complex biological processes. Computational tools exploiting rapidly growing genomic databases to characterize protein-protein interactions are urgently needed. Such methods should connect multiple scales from evolutionary conserv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gueudré T,Baldassi C,Zamparo M,Weigt M,Pagnani A

更新日期：2016-10-25 00:00:00