Abstract:
:We investigated whether certain hydrophobic dipeptides, Leu-Ile, Leu-Pro, and Pro-Ile, which partially resemble the site on FK506 that binds to immunophilin, could stimulate glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis in cultured neurons and found only Leu-Ile to be an active dipeptide. Leu-Ile protected against the death of mesencephalic neurons from wild-type mice but not from mice lacking the BDNF or GDNF gene. Next, we examined the effects of i.p. or i.c.v. administration of Leu-Ile on BDNF and GDNF contents. Both types of administration increased the contents of BDNF and GDNF in the striatum of mice. Also, peripheral administration of Leu-Ile inhibited dopaminergic (DA) denervation caused by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the striatum of mice. The number of rotations following a methamphetamine challenge was lower in the Leu-Ile-treated group than in the nontreated group. Next, we compared the calcineurin activity and immunosuppressant activity of Leu-Ile with those of FK506. Leu-Ile was not inhibitory toward calcineurin cellular activity in cultured neuronal cells. Furthermore, Leu-Ile did not suppress concanavalin A (ConA)-induced synthesis/secretion of interleukin-2 by cultured spleen cells, suggesting that the immunosuppressant activity of Leu-Ile may be negligible when used as a therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Nitta A,Nishioka H,Fukumitsu H,Furukawa Y,Sugiura H,Shen L,Furukawa Sdoi
10.1002/jnr.20258keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-15 00:00:00pages
250-8issue
2eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Here we assess the potential functional role of increased aquaporin 9 (APQ9) in astrocytes. Increased AQP9 expression was achieved in primary astrocyte cultures by transfection of a plasmid-containing green fluorescent protein fused to either wild-type or mutated human AQP9. Increased AQP9 expression and phosphorylati...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24061
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precursor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) are mobilized and recruited by a lysolecithin (LPC)-induced demyelination of the corpus callosum. Because age decreases the proliferation of the SVZ neural precursors as well as the potential for myelin repair of the adult central nervous system, we have com...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10411
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The role of intracellular proteases (e.g., calpains and caspases) in the pathophysiology of neuronal cell death has been extensively investigated. More recently, accumulating data have suggested that extracellular proteolysis also plays a critical role. The two major systems that modify the extracellular matrix in bra...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.10270
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an astrocyte-specific marker can be regulated by levels of circulating gonadal steroids during postnatal development. In addition, astrocytes play an important role in the physiology of the hippocampus, a brain region considered sexually dimorphi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20372
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Double immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against NF-L and peripherin revealed three distinct subpopulations of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the adult rat, 46% of the DRG neurons were small and peripherin-positive (NF-L-negative), and 48% were large and NF-L-positive (peripherin-negative). Abo...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490300111
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioassays of factors promoting nerve growth in embryonic ganglia are described. Chick embryo extract evokes fiber outgrowth in both sympathetic and ciliary ganglia explanted into a collagen gel. The response is not suppressed by antibodies directed against mouse nerve growth factor (NGF). Chick embryo extract also sup...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490080206
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregate bodies are a hallmark of dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy and related neurodegenerative disorders, although the relationship between aggregate body formation and cell death is not clear. We analyzed the kinetics of polyQ aggregate formation and the time intervals for cell death, tra...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10233
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The postmortem stability of brain RNA was measured in rat and human samples for up to 48 hr. Whole rat brains, cooled at a rate approximating that of human brains awaiting autopsy, were collected at intervals from 0 to 48 hr after death and frozen. These samples were compared with freshly obtained, unfrozen rat brains...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490160123
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is one of the leading causes of chronic neurological morbidity worldwide. Acquired epilepsy may result from a number of conditions, such as brain injury, anoxia, tumors, stroke, neurotoxicity, and prolonged seizures. Sex differences have been observed in many seizure types; however, some sex-specific seizure ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23853
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::An increased level of myelin basic protein (MBP) degradation peptide 80-89, representative of myelin breakdown, is detected in myelinating foetal rat brain aggregate cultures supplemented with peritoneal macrophages at a time coinciding with the onset of myelination. During the period of myelination, the proportion of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10026
更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::gammadelta T cells represent a small subpopulation of T cells expressing a restricted repertoire of T-cell receptors and, unlike alphabeta T cells, function more as cells of the innate immune system. These cells are found in skin and mucosal sites as well as secondary lymphoid tissues and frequently act as first line ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.22176
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuroblastoma, N1E-115, was grown for 9 days after subcultivation. The development of acetylcholinestrase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), QNB-binding, choline uptake, and acetylcholine release was measured on days 1, 3, 6, and 9. In parallel experiments the irreversible AChE inhibitor soman was added to n...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490270115
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, is released from hemoglobin after CNS hemorrhage and may contribute to injury to surrounding tissue. The heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferric iron. Although HO-2, the isoform expressed predominantly in neurons, accelera...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20681
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although protein kinase Cdk5-p35 is important in many aspects of the development and function of the central nervous system, relatively little is known about its regulation. In the present study, we examined the relationship between the association of this kinase with membranes and its activity in perinatal and adult ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21438
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition characterized by disruption of axonal connections, failure of axonal regeneration, and loss of motor and sensory function. The therapeutic promise of neural stem cells has been focused on cell replacement, but many obstacles remain in obtaining neuronal integration f...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22288
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers chronic intraspinal inflammation consisting of activated resident and infiltrating immune cells (especially microglia/macrophages). The environmental factors contributing to this protracted inflammation are not well understood; however, myelin lipid debris is a hallmark of SCI. Myelin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24114
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoskeletal structures under the cell membrane carry out pivotal roles in the maintenance and remodeling of the cell structures. Reforming of the cytoskeletal networks after partial extraction of membrane components could be a good clue to identify molecular components pertaining the interaction of cytoskeleton with ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20555
更新日期:2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is a form of cell death historically defined by morphological and biochemical changes that occur in the cell body and nucleus. However, in contrast to nonneuronal cells in which apoptosis has been most intensively studied, neurons exhibit elaborate morphologies with synaptic connections often located at site...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are associated with the development of drug addiction. Plasticity in synaptic strength and intrinsic excitability of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) play critical roles in addiction induced by different classes of abused drugs. However, it is unknown whether morphine exp...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23025
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are critical cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the host innate immune response and immunity homeostasis. There is a growing body of evidence that NLRs are involved in a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, metabolic diseases, and...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24004
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This Review describes the current status of poststroke epilepsy (PSE) with an emphasis on poststroke epileptogenesis modeling for testing new therapeutic agents. Stroke is a leading cause of epilepsy in an aging population. Late-onset "epileptic" seizures have been reported in up to 30% cases after stroke. Nevertheles...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23836
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay discusses the directional movements of metazoan tissue cells generally, with special emphasis on neurons, in an attempt to show that the directional movements of all share fundamental similarities. ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.490130102
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regional estimates of type I and type II vestibular hair cells (HC) and supporting cell (SC) numbers were obtained from the horizontal crista ampullaris by using design-based stereology in human. Cristae were microdissected from temporal bones obtained post-mortem (N=16, age range 26-98 years). Three groups were made ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20652
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferritin is the major iron storage protein and accounts for the majority of the iron in the brain. Thus, ferritin is a key component in protecting the brain from iron induced oxidative damage. The high lipid content, high rate of oxidative metabolism, and high iron content combine to make the brain the organ most susc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490370405
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prothrombin and its active derivative thrombin are key members of the coagulation system. The only site of extra-hepatic thrombin expression is the central nervous system (CNS), where it is involved in brain development, protection, and regeneration. Thrombin affects various degenerative and ischemic CNS diseases like...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24049
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells improves the behavior of Parkinson's disease model animals. However, the survival of DA progenitors is low, and the final yield of DA neurons is only approximately 0.3%-2% the number of transplanted cells. Zonisamide (ZNS) increas...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24668
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of axons in the expression of the major myelin glycoprotein, P0, has been investigated using neuron/Schwann cell cultures. These cultures were either nonmyelinating or myelinating due to growth in defined medium or in medium containing serum and chick embryo extract, respectively. The neurons and Schwann cell...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490260202
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several neurological diseases involve focal injury of specific brain structures. Poisons of the electron transport chain complexes (ETCC) can also produce selective injury of brain structures when given systemically and have been implicated in the development of neurological disease. Why ETCC poisons damage particular...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.10553
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder consistently show a male bias in prevalence, but it remains unclear why males and females are affected with different frequency. While many behavioral studies of transgenic NDD models have focused only on males, the requir...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24577
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory response initiated after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at the impact site. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a strong candidate for mediating chemotaxis of monocytes to the injured nervous system. To help in defining the role of MCP-1 in infla...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10269
更新日期:2002-06-15 00:00:00