Consistency of a counterexample to Naimark's problem.

Abstract:

:We construct a C*-algebra that has only one irreducible representation up to unitary equivalence but is not isomorphic to the algebra of compact operators on any Hilbert space. This answers an old question of Naimark. Our construction uses a combinatorial statement called the diamond principle, which is known to be consistent with but not provable from the standard axioms of set theory (assuming that these axioms are consistent). We prove that the statement "there exists a counterexample to Naimark's problem which is generated by aleph (1) elements" is undecidable in standard set theory.

authors

Akemann C,Weaver N

doi

10.1073/pnas.0401489101

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-05-18 00:00:00

pages

7522-5

issue

20

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

0401489101

journal_volume

101

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of sugarcane cells.

    abstract::Helminthosporoside is a host-specific toxin produced by Helminthosporium sacchari, both in culture and in infected sugarcane tissue. The susceptibility of any given clone of sugarcane to disease is invariably associated with the presence of a toxin-binding protein. This report presents evidence for the presence of the...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1413

    authors: Strobel GA,Hess WM

    更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00

  • Scaling up behavioral science interventions in online education.

    abstract::Online education is rapidly expanding in response to rising demand for higher and continuing education, but many online students struggle to achieve their educational goals. Several behavioral science interventions have shown promise in raising student persistence and completion rates in a handful of courses, but evid...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1921417117

    authors: Kizilcec RF,Reich J,Yeomans M,Dann C,Brunskill E,Lopez G,Turkay S,Williams JJ,Tingley D

    更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00

  • Pyrophosphate inhibition of rho ATPase: a mechanism of coupling to RNA polymerase activity.

    abstract::The effects of pyrophosphate on RNA binding and ATPase activities of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho have been studied. Mutant rho-115 protein has a temperature-sensitive RNA-dependent ATPase activity due to the thermolability of binding to RNA [Kent, R.B. & Guterman, S.K. (1981) Fed. Proc. Fed. ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.79.13.3992

    authors: Kent RB,Guterman SK

    更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00

  • Conserved mechanism of cell-wall synthase regulation revealed by the identification of a new PBP activator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    abstract::Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are synthases required to build the essential peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall surrounding most bacterial cells. The mechanisms regulating the activity of these enzymes to control PG synthesis remain surprisingly poorly defined given their status as key antibiotic targets. Several years ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1717925115

    authors: Greene NG,Fumeaux C,Bernhardt TG

    更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00

  • Speed, dissipation, and error in kinetic proofreading.

    abstract::Proofreading mechanisms increase specificity in biochemical reactions by allowing for the dissociation of intermediate complexes. These mechanisms disrupt and reset the reaction to undo errors at the cost of increased time of reaction and free energy expenditure. Here, we draw an analogy between proofreading and micro...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1119911109

    authors: Murugan A,Huse DA,Leibler S

    更新日期:2012-07-24 00:00:00

  • Local alterations of Krox-20 and Hox gene expression in the hindbrain suggest lack of rhombomeres 4 and 5 in homozygote null Hoxa-1 (Hox-1.6) mutant embryos.

    abstract::It is unknown whether cross-regulatory interactions between homeotic genes, which have been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of their expression domains during Drosophila development, are also important during mammalian development. We have analyzed here the expression of Hox genes in Hoxa-1 (Hox-1.6...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7666

    authors: Dollé P,Lufkin T,Krumlauf R,Mark M,Duboule D,Chambon P

    更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00

  • Sequential recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and p300 enhances progesterone receptor-dependent initiation and reinitiation of transcription from chromatin.

    abstract::Employing a cell-free chromatin transcription system that recapitulates progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription in vivo, we have investigated further the coactivator functions of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) in terms of its functional domains as well as cooperation with other coactivators in PR tra...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.231474798

    authors: Liu Z,Wong J,Tsai SY,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

    更新日期:2001-10-23 00:00:00

  • Faithful representation of similarities among three-dimensional shapes in human vision.

    abstract::Efficient and reliable classification of visual stimuli requires that their representations reside a low-dimensional and, therefore, computationally manageable feature space. We investigated the ability of the human visual system to derive such representations from the sensory input-a highly nontrivial task, given the...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.12046

    authors: Cutzu F,Edelman S

    更新日期:1996-10-15 00:00:00

  • Cryo-EM structure and rRNA model of a translating eukaryotic 80S ribosome at 5.5-A resolution.

    abstract::Protein biosynthesis, the translation of the genetic code into polypeptides, occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. Although X-ray structures of bacterial ribosomes are available, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic 80S ribosomes are lacking. Using cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle reco...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1009999107

    authors: Armache JP,Jarasch A,Anger AM,Villa E,Becker T,Bhushan S,Jossinet F,Habeck M,Dindar G,Franckenberg S,Marquez V,Mielke T,Thomm M,Berninghausen O,Beatrix B,Söding J,Westhof E,Wilson DN,Beckmann R

    更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00

  • High catalytic activity of Au/CeOx/TiO2(110) controlled by the nature of the mixed-metal oxide at the nanometer level.

    abstract::Mixed-metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics, materials science, and geochemistry. Recently, there has been a strong interest in understanding phenomena associated with the deposition of oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a second (host) oxide. Here, scanning tunneling microscop...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0812604106

    authors: Park JB,Graciani J,Evans J,Stacchiola D,Ma S,Liu P,Nambu A,Sanz JF,Hrbek J,Rodriguez JA

    更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00

  • Modulation of tissue growth heterogeneity by responses to mechanical stress.

    abstract::Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like mater...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1815342116

    authors: Fruleux A,Boudaoud A

    更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00

  • 5-Azacytidine and sodium butyrate induce expression of aromatase in fibroblasts from chickens carrying the henny feathering trait but not from wild-type chickens.

    abstract::Male chickens with the henny feathering trait have a female feathering pattern. In two henny-feathered breeds, the Sebright bantam and the Golden Campine, the synthesis of estrogen is increased as a consequence of increased activity of aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen. The activi...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.82.9.3005

    authors: Leshin M

    更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00

  • Transloading of tumor antigen-derived peptides into antigen-presenting cells.

    abstract::The discovery of a steadily growing number of tumor antigens (TAs) has made generic, cell-free, peptide-based cancer vaccines a possible alternative to cytokine-transfected autologous cellular cancer vaccines. The major drawback of peptide vaccines, however, is the poor immunogenicity of peptides. It is commonly thoug...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3256

    authors: Buschle M,Schmidt W,Zauner W,Mechtler K,Trska B,Kirlappos H,Birnstiel ML

    更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00

  • The human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpr gene is essential for productive infection of human macrophages.

    abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetic determinant(s) responsible for tropism in human T cells or macrophages are not well defined. We studied the role of the HIV type 2 (HIV-2) nef and vpr genes in viral tropism. HIV-2 mutants, lacking either vpr or nef genes, or both vpr and nef, were obtained by site-specif...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8080

    authors: Hattori N,Michaels F,Fargnoli K,Marcon L,Gallo RC,Franchini G

    更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00

  • A highly immunogenic and effective measles virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 vaccine.

    abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million deaths to date. The gravity of the situation mandates accelerated efforts to identify safe and effective vaccines. Here, we generated measles virus (M...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.2014468117

    authors: Hörner C,Schürmann C,Auste A,Ebenig A,Muraleedharan S,Dinnon KH 3rd,Scholz T,Herrmann M,Schnierle BS,Baric RS,Mühlebach MD

    更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00

  • Potent neutralization of hepatitis A virus reveals a receptor mimic mechanism and the receptor recognition site.

    abstract::Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects ∼1.4 million people annually and, although there is a vaccine, there are no licensed therapeutic drugs. HAV is unusually stable (making disinfection problematic) and little is known of how it enters cells and releases its RNA. Here we report a potent HAV-specific monoclonal antibody, R1...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1616502114

    authors: Wang X,Zhu L,Dang M,Hu Z,Gao Q,Yuan S,Sun Y,Zhang B,Ren J,Kotecha A,Walter TS,Wang J,Fry EE,Stuart DI,Rao Z

    更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00

  • Addition of a photocrosslinking amino acid to the genetic code of Escherichiacoli.

    abstract::Benzophenones are among the most useful photocrosslinking agents in biology. We have evolved an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair that makes possible the in vivo incorporation of p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine into proteins in Escherichia coli in response to the amber codon, TAG. This unnatural amino acid was ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.172226299

    authors: Chin JW,Martin AB,King DS,Wang L,Schultz PG

    更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00

  • Impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries.

    abstract::To help reach the target of tuberculosis (TB) disease elimination by 2050, vaccine development needs to occur now. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of potential TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries using an age-structured transmission model. New vaccines were assumed to be available in 2024, t...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1404386111

    authors: Knight GM,Griffiths UK,Sumner T,Laurence YV,Gheorghe A,Vassall A,Glaziou P,White RG

    更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00

  • Excretion of cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine moieties in human and experimental animal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency.

    abstract::Animals treated with potent gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors and a patient with severe gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency excrete much larger than normal amounts of glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteine, and cysteine in their urine; these compounds were found in disulfide forms. The findings indicate that ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.77.6.3384

    authors: Griffith OW,Meister A

    更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00

  • Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and cholinergic mechanisms in cat nasal mucosa: studies on choline acetyltransferase and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

    abstract::Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of the sphenopalatine ganglion in normal cats revealed that virtually all ganglion cells (98.5%) were immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). After surgical removal of this ganglion, the content of both VIP and choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:choline O...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.5255

    authors: Lundberg JM,Anggård A,Emson P,Fahrenkrug J,Hökfelt T

    更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00

  • Complex network analysis of free-energy landscapes.

    abstract::The kinetics of biomolecular isomerization processes, such as protein folding, is governed by a free-energy surface of high dimensionality and complexity. As an alternative to projections into one or two dimensions, the free-energy surface can be mapped into a weighted network where nodes and links are configurations ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0608099104

    authors: Gfeller D,De Los Rios P,Caflisch A,Rao F

    更新日期:2007-02-06 00:00:00

  • A distinct subset of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induces activation and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes.

    abstract::Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are known mainly for their secretion of type I IFN upon viral encounter. We describe a CD2hiCD5+CD81+ pDC subset, distinguished by prominent dendrites and a mature phenotype, in human blood, bone marrow, and tonsil, which can be generated from CD34+ progenitors. These CD2hiCD5+CD81+...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1610630114

    authors: Zhang H,Gregorio JD,Iwahori T,Zhang X,Choi O,Tolentino LL,Prestwood T,Carmi Y,Engleman EG

    更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00

  • Cellular softening mediates leukocyte demargination and trafficking, thereby increasing clinical blood counts.

    abstract::Leukocytes normally marginate toward the vascular wall in large vessels and within the microvasculature. Reversal of this process, leukocyte demargination, leads to substantial increases in the clinical white blood cell and granulocyte count and is a well-documented effect of glucocorticoid and catecholamine hormones,...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1508920113

    authors: Fay ME,Myers DR,Kumar A,Turbyfield CT,Byler R,Crawford K,Mannino RG,Laohapant A,Tyburski EA,Sakurai Y,Rosenbluth MJ,Switz NA,Sulchek TA,Graham MD,Lam WA

    更新日期:2016-02-23 00:00:00

  • Global modulation of cellular transcription by human cytomegalovirus is initiated by viral glycoprotein B.

    abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection alters the expression of many cellular genes, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) [Zhu, H., Cong, J.-P., Mamtora, G., Gingeras, T. & Shenk, T. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14470-14475]. By using high-density cDNA microarrays, we show that the HCMV-regulated gene expres...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.121177598

    authors: Simmen KA,Singh J,Luukkonen BG,Lopper M,Bittner A,Miller NE,Jackson MR,Compton T,Früh K

    更新日期:2001-06-19 00:00:00

  • Akt1 and Akt2 protein kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization.

    abstract::Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1119038109

    authors: Arranz A,Doxaki C,Vergadi E,Martinez de la Torre Y,Vaporidi K,Lagoudaki ED,Ieronymaki E,Androulidaki A,Venihaki M,Margioris AN,Stathopoulos EN,Tsichlis PN,Tsatsanis C

    更新日期:2012-06-12 00:00:00

  • Benthic invaders control the phosphorus cycle in the world's largest freshwater ecosystem.

    abstract::The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply of limiting nutrients. The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, by dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels has dramatically altered the ecology of these lakes. A key open question is how dreissenids affect the cycli...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.2008223118

    authors: Li J,Ianaiev V,Huff A,Zalusky J,Ozersky T,Katsev S

    更新日期:2021-02-09 00:00:00

  • Identification of a viral gene encoding a ubiquitin-like protein.

    abstract::The baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV, which is representative of the MNPV subtype in which the virions may contain many nucleocapsids within a single viral envelope) encodes a protein, v-ubi, that has 76% identity with the eukaryotic protein ubiquitin. Transcriptional mapping indic...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.409

    authors: Guarino LA

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Symmetry in chemistry from the hydrogen atom to proteins.

    abstract::The last 2 decades have seen discoveries in highly excited states of atoms and molecules of phenomena that are qualitatively different from the "planetary" model of the atom, and the near-rigid model of molecules, characteristic of these systems in their low-energy states. A unified view is emerging in terms of approx...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14287

    authors: Kellman ME

    更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00

  • White lines in L-edge x-ray absorption spectra and their implications for anomalous diffraction studies of biological materials.

    abstract::We have measured high-resolution x-ray absorption spectra of lanthanide (Ln) and heavy transition metal complexes that display prominent narrow absorption peaks near the L2 and L3 absorption edges. The anomalous scattering factors (f' and f"), which are mathematically related to the absorption cross section, have corr...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5884

    authors: Lye RC,Phillips JC,Kaplan D,Doniach S,Hodgson KO

    更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00

  • Global trends in nature's contributions to people.

    abstract::Declining biodiversity and ecosystem functions put many of nature's contributions to people at risk. We review and synthesize the scientific literature to assess 50-y global trends across a broad range of nature's contributions. We distinguish among trends in potential and realized contributions of nature, as well as ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.2010473117

    authors: Brauman KA,Garibaldi LA,Polasky S,Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y,Brancalion PHS,DeClerck F,Jacob U,Mastrangelo ME,Nkongolo NV,Palang H,Pérez-Méndez N,Shannon LJ,Shrestha UB,Strombom E,Verma M

    更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00