Akt1 and Akt2 protein kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization.

abstract：:O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)meG) and related modifications of guanine in double-stranded DNA are functionally severe lesions that can be produced by many alkylating agents, including N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a potent carcinogen. O(6)meG is repaired through its demethylation by the O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang CS,Shemorry A,Varshavsky A

更新日期：2009-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas NF-kappaB has potent antiapoptotic function in most cell types, it was reported that in pancreatic beta cells it serves a proapoptotic function and may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. To investigate the role of beta cell NF-kappaB in autoimmune diabetes, we produced transgenic mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim S,Millet I,Kim HS,Kim JY,Han MS,Lee MK,Kim KW,Sherwin RS,Karin M,Lee MS

更新日期：2007-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, p53 was demonstrated to affect the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in growth and survival of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for interaction between p53 and IGF-1R are still not fully understood. One of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Girnita L,Girnita A,Larsson O

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(A)-containing HeLa cell mRNA prepared from cells labeled with [methyl-(3)H]methionine or [(32)P]phosphate was found to contain a variety of methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structures of two general types: m(7)GpppN(7)-Np and m(7)GpppN(m)-N(m)-Np. In addition, about one-third of the [(3)H]methyl label was present ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furuichi Y,Morgan M,Shatkin AJ,Jelinek W,Salditt-Georgieff M,Darnell JE

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans, the connection between sleep and mood has long been recognized, although direct molecular evidence is lacking. We identified two rare variants in the circadian clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3-P415A/H417R) in humans with familial advanced sleep phase accompanied by higher Beck Depression Inventory and seasonality s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang L,Hirano A,Hsu PK,Jones CR,Sakai N,Okuro M,McMahon T,Yamazaki M,Xu Y,Saigoh N,Saigoh K,Lin ST,Kaasik K,Nishino S,Ptáček LJ,Fu YH

更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrating sulfanyl substituents into copper-bonded phenoxyls significantly alters their optical and redox properties and provides insight into the influence of cysteine modification of the tyrosine cofactor in the enzyme galactose oxidase. The model complexes [1(SR2)](+) are class II mixed-valent Cu(II)-phenoxyl-phe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verma P,Pratt RC,Storr T,Wasinger EC,Stack TD

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic loss is the cardinal feature linking neuropathology to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. Here, using FRET-based glutamate sensor imaging, we show that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) engages α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Talantova M,Sanz-Blasco S,Zhang X,Xia P,Akhtar MW,Okamoto S,Dziewczapolski G,Nakamura T,Cao G,Pratt AE,Kang YJ,Tu S,Molokanova E,McKercher SR,Hires SA,Sason H,Stouffer DG,Buczynski MW,Solomon JP,Michael S,Powers E

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A photoreactive derivative of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used to identify and specifically label a membrane receptor for EGF on mouse 3T3 cells. Photoactivable EGF, labeled with 125I, was incubated with 3T3 cells and then photolyzed in situ to generate a nitrene capable of reacting with a wide variety of c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Das M,Miyakawa T,Fox CF,Pruss RM,Aharonov A,Herschman HR

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding differences in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair between tumor and normal tissues would provide a rationale for developing DNA repair-targeted cancer therapy. Here, using knock-in mouse models for measuring the efficiency of two DSB repair pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang C,Tang H,Geng A,Dai B,Zhang H,Sun X,Chen Y,Qiao Z,Zhu H,Yang J,Chen J,He Q,Qin N,Xie J,Tan R,Wan X,Gao S,Jiang Y,Sun FL,Mao Z

更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproductive success is widely used as a measure of fitness. However, offspring quantity may not reflect the genetic contribution to subsequent generations if there is nonrandom variation in offspring quality. Offspring quality is likely to be an important component of human fitness, and tradeoffs between offspring qu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zietsch BP,Kuja-Halkola R,Walum H,Verweij KJ

更新日期：2014-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small human Dependovirus whose low immunogenicity and capacity for long-term persistence have led to its widespread use as vector for gene therapy. Despite great recent successes in AAV-based gene therapy, further improvements in vector technology may be hindered by an inadequate unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith-Moore S,Neil SJD,Fraefel C,Linden RM,Bollen M,Rowe HM,Henckaerts E

更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens is a brain region in which limbic and motor inputs converge. How these information modalities shape accumbens output is not clearly understood. Here, we report that synaptic inputs from the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures interact differently depending on their timing. Coincident inputs m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goto Y,O'Donnell P

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene has multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the relevance of chromosomally phased SNPs (haplotypes) is not known. The phylogeny and the in vitro and in vivo consequences of variations in the 5' upstream and ORF were delineated in a multiethnic reference populatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Drysdale CM,McGraw DW,Stack CB,Stephens JC,Judson RS,Nandabalan K,Arnold K,Ruano G,Liggett SB

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Single molecule fluorescence polarization techniques have been used for three-dimensional (3D) orientation measurements to observe the dynamic properties of single molecules. However, only few techniques can simultaneously measure 3D orientation and position. Furthermore, these techniques often require complex equipme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohmachi M,Komori Y,Iwane AH,Fujii F,Jin T,Yanagida T

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the evolution of a Theory of Mind, we need to understand the selective factors that might have jumpstarted its initial evolution. We argue that a subconscious, reflexive appreciation of others' intentions, emotions, and perspectives is at the roots of even the most complex forms of Theory of Mind and tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seyfarth RM,Cheney DL

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammary glands of prepubertal estrogen receptor (ER)beta-- mice are morphologically indistinguishable from those of WT littermates. It appears that, although ERbeta is expressed in the mouse mammary gland, it is not involved in ductal growth of the gland. In this study, we examined the possibility that ERbeta has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Förster C,Mäkela S,Wärri A,Kietz S,Becker D,Hultenby K,Warner M,Gustafsson JA

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Global patterns of biodiversity reflect both regional and local processes, but the relative importance of local ecological limits to species coexistence, as influenced by the physical environment, in contrast to regional processes including species production, dispersal, and extinction, is poorly understood. Failure t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ricklefs RE,He F

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:GB virus B (GBV-B), which infects tamarins, is the virus most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV has a protein (p7) that is believed to form an ion channel. It is critical for viability. In vitro studies suggest that GBV-B has an analogous but larger protein (p13). We found that substitutions of the -1 an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takikawa S,Engle RE,Emerson SU,Purcell RH,St Claire M,Bukh J

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The one-sided multipliers of an operator space X are a key to "latent operator algebraic structure" in X. We begin with a survey of these multipliers, together with several of the applications that they have had to operator algebras. We then describe several new results on one-sided multipliers, and new applications, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blecher DP,Zarikian V

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A 10-aa motif in transmembrane helix 1 of diphtheria toxin that is conserved in anthrax edema factor, anthrax lethal factor, and botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, C, and D was identified by blast, clustal w, and meme computational analysis. Using the diphtheria toxin-related fusion protein toxin DAB(389)IL-2, we demon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratts R,Trujillo C,Bharti A,vanderSpek J,Harrison R,Murphy JR

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Of two closely related species of geese, one, the greylag goose, lives in the Indian plains all year round, while the other, the bar-headed goose, lives at the Tibetan lakes and migrates across the Himalayas to winter in India. Another species, the Andean goose, lives in the High Andes all year round. Possession of a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jessen TH,Weber RE,Fermi G,Tame J,Braunitzer G

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related species have been suggested to play a key role in the astrochemical evolution of the interstellar medium, but the formation mechanism of even their simplest building block--the aromatic benzene molecule--has remained elusive for decades. Here we demonstrate in crossed molec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones BM,Zhang F,Kaiser RI,Jamal A,Mebel AM,Cordiner MA,Charnley SB

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative cooperativity has been observed in CTP synthetase, an allosteric enzyme which contains a regulatory site. Thus, the same enzyme exhibits negative cooperativity for GTP (an effector) and glutamine (a substrate) and positive cooperativity for ATP and UTP (both substrates). In the process of the delineation of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levitzki A,Koshland DE Jr

更新日期：1969-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has recently been demonstrated that coupled enzymatic processes may possess, for a particular choice of the state variables, multidimensional inflection points in thermodynamic force-flow space. The conditions for reciprocity in the linear region near such a reference state, which may be far from equilibrium, are o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caplan SR

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines are of major importance in information processing and memory formation in central neurons. Estradiol has been shown to induce an increase of dendritic spine density on hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recently has been implicated in ne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murphy DD,Cole NB,Segal M

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The POT1-TPP1 heterodimer, the major telomere-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein in mammalian cells, protects chromosome ends and contributes to the regulation of telomerase. The recent discovery of telomeric RNA raises the question of how POT1 faithfully binds telomeric ssDNA and avoids illicit RNA binding ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nandakumar J,Podell ER,Cech TR

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, are the most abundant autotrophs in aquatic environments and form the base of all aquatic food chains by fixing carbon and nitrogen into cellular biomass. The single most important nutrient for photosynthesis and growth is nitrate, which is severely limiting in many aquatic environment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koropatkin NM,Pakrasi HB,Smith TJ

更新日期：2006-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The identity of the oldest lineage of monocotyledons is a subject of debate. Alternative interpretations of morphological homologies are variously consistent with proposals that species of Alismatanae, Dioscoreales, or Melanthiales were the earliest descendants of the first monocotyledons. We present phylogenetic anal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duvall MR,Learn GH Jr,Eguiarte LE,Clegg MT

更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells provide an innate-type immune response upon T cell receptor interaction with CD1d-presented antigens. We demonstrate through equilibrium tetramer binding and antigen presentation assays with Valpha14i-positive NKT cell hybridomas that the Sphingomonas glycolipid alpha-galacturonosyl cerami...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu D,Zajonc DM,Fujio M,Sullivan BA,Kinjo Y,Kronenberg M,Wilson IA,Wong CH

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplexes of 21-nt RNAs, known as short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), efficiently inhibit gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) when introduced into mammalian cells. We show that siRNAs can be synthesized by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase, providing an economical alternative to chemical synthesis of si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu JY,DeRuiter SL,Turner DL

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00