Abstract：
:Developmental toxicity testing according to current international guidelines involves exposure of pregnant animals, mostly rats and rabbits, and subsequent assessment of toxic effects in their fetuses. Alternative methods have been developed since the early 1980s. They include cell differentiation assays using either primary cell cultures or immortalized cell lines. At a higher integration level the development of organ anlagen in vitro has been employed in assays for developmental toxicity. The most complex assays in this area make use of isolated postimplantation rodent embryos which are cultured in vitro during the phase of major organogenesis. The possibilities for their application as toxicity screens have been investigated in various validation studies. The most elaborate validation study of embryotoxicity assays carried out to date included the embryonic stem cell test EST, the limb bud micromass MM, and whole embryo culture WEC. In each test 20 chemical compounds were tested in four independent laboratories. The results have shown a marked success in the reproducibility of results. The extrapolation of these results of a limited set of chemicals to a generalized judgment of the tests for the world of chemicals remains a matter for further discussion.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Piersma AHdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.029keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
147-53issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378427403004946journal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:To elucidate relevance of estrogens to immune responses, we investigated whether estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) exists in mouse splenic B cells and T cells and the effect of 17beta-estradiol and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on lymphocyte mitogenesis. ERalpha was identified in both male and female mouse spl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00203-5
更新日期：2002-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethylene (ET) is the largest volume organic chemical. Mammals metabolize the olefin to ethylene oxide (EO), another important industrial chemical. The epoxide alkylates macromolecules and has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In order to estimate the EO burden in mice, rats, and humans resulting from inhalation e...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.896
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination behaviour in simple solutions and assess the effects of complex formation upon skin permeatio...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.017
更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) oxidised sulphydryl groups in glyceraldenyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with loss of the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme. 5-Hydroxydopamine behaved similarly at higher concentrations. This oxidation was accompanied by a transient rise in the acyl phosphatase (non-p...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00013-9
更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of endotoxin tolerance in rats led to reductions in bile flow and BSP excretion. BSP serum retention or storage of BSP in the liver was not affected. Although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was slightly elevated in endotoxin-tolerant rats, the levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90151-5
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysglycemia and central nervous system (CNS) complications are the known adverse effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are among the most prescribed antibiotics. In this study we demonstrate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin disturb glucose transport into HepG2 cells and such inhibit...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.017
更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and induced apoptosis in DB...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental toxicants such as methylmercury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental exposure to methylmercury frequently occurs at low doses, most frequently through fish consumption. Although the general population is at risk for exposure, pregnant women and youn...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.002
更新日期：2013-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P4501A1 is involved in the metabolism of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; therefore, its inhibition interferes with the carcinogenesis process induced by these compounds in rats. The human and rat CYP1A1 differ by 21% in amino acid sequence, including the active site of the enzyme; this differ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.023
更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Untargeted metabolomic approaches offer new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the molecular events related to toxic exposure. This study proposes a metabolomic investigation of biochemical alterations occurring in urine as a result of dioxin toxicity. Urine samples were collected from Czech chemical workers ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.031
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior research suggests that sex hormones and metabolic changes, such as obesity and hyperglycemia, can alter renal transporter expression in rodents. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of kidney efflux transporters and regulatory transcription factors in response to Type I diabetes and pregn...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.008
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmonisation of risk assessment (RA) is one of the priorities for sound chemical management set by Chapter 19, Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992 Earth Summit. The benefits of harmonisation are self evident and include transportability and consistency of RA outc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00313-0
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:A matched case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship between chromium (Cr) exposure and variation in mitochondrial (mt) DNA methylation. We enrolled 29 pairs of subjects in this study; Cr exposure was confirmed in the cases by detecting blood Cr and other metal ion concentrations. DNA damage caused b...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.031
更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Methanol remains to be a major public and environmental health hazard. Formic acid is the toxic metabolite responsible for the metabolic acidosis observed in methanol poisoning in humans, in non-human primates and in folate-depleted rodents. Cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate leads to lactic acid accumulation, w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.017
更新日期：2006-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested a hypothesis that soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), a model enzyme, may be capable of generating a glutathione (GSH) conjugate(s) from p-aminophenol (PAP). Horseradish peroxidase was employed as a positive control. GSH depletion or an increase in the absorption at 327 nm with time due to GS-PAP formation w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00188-5
更新日期：2000-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though compounds of nickel, arsenic, cobalt and cadmium are carcinogenic, their mutagenic potentials are rather weak. In contrast, they exert pronounced comutagenic effects, which may be explained by disturbances of different DNA repair systems. Thus, cobalt, arsenic, nickel and cadmium interfere with base and nu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00482-9
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a disinfection by-product of chlorination of drinking water. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to CAN on fetal liver in mice. Based on an initial dose-response experiment, CAN (25mg/(kgday)) was given orally to pregnant mice at ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.867
更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Amitriptyline hydrochloride, an antidepressant drug, was tested in mice for mutagenic effects in the somatic cells by the micronucleus test and in the germ cells by the air drying technique of Evans et al. Mice were treated orally with the drug at a dose of 70, 140 and 210 mg/kg body weight. The results indicate that ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90233-5
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Betel quid chewing, which contributes high concentration of safrole in saliva, is a popular oral habit in Taiwan. Safrole is a documented rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its hepatocarcinogenic potential in human is not known. Here, we used LC/ESI-ITMS(n) and LC/QTOF-MS confirmed safrole-dGMP as reference standard to dete...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.013
更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist, including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs, the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC. The immun...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.001
更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a single i.p. injection of 0, 20, 200, and 1000 microliter/kg carbon tetrachloride on the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was measured in the rat by a model substrate assay employing lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) and by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in this...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90116-6
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanolamine, a positively charged hydrophilic component of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is also a precursor of phosphatidylcholine (PC), enhances the repair processes 24 h after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of mouse liver. Ethanolamine quickly reduced aminotransferase activity released in the s...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00112-4
更新日期：1998-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative high-content screening (HCS) was suggested for the real-time monitoring of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated hepatotoxicity. This HCS is very advantageous in that it allows simultaneous observation of drug-induced activations of hepatotoxic pathways using hypermulticolor cellular imaging. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.027
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Several pesticides used as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In three pair-matched studies we found changes in sex hormone concentrations and T-lymphocytes in relation to acute and chronic pesticide exposure. After acute exposure, 1 day later the concentrati...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00051-x
更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:A model of the growing small animal skeleton has been developed. The model accurately reproduces a variety of different kinds of measurements made at different ages in different species, as well as reproducing a precise and detailed series of measurements in the growing guinea pig. Of the multiple mechanisms responsib...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90022-7
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a non-genotoxic tumor promoter that dysregulates the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway and causes variable cellular responses to DNA damage in different experimental models. In the present study, we pretreated human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells (wild-type p53) for 72 h with TPA, ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.030
更新日期：2014-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Heptachlor is a major component of the insecticide, chlordane. It is a health hazard but is still in use in some countries of Southeast Asia. To elucidate the toxicity of heptachlor its effects on mice after oral and intraperitoneal administration were studied. A 3-day group, 92-day group and 180-day group were given ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90054-p
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral endpoints offer special challenges to toxicology. One arises from the sometimes conflicting ways in which adverse effects may be expressed. For example, both increases and decreases in response rates of schedule-controlled performance may be produced by a specific agent, depending on the specific schedule. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90034-3
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
