Abstract：
:The handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination behaviour in simple solutions and assess the effects of complex formation upon skin permeation in vitro. Ga(III) coordination was modelled using metal-ligand stability constants in silico and the permeation of the metal through human and porcine skin determined using four test conditions. Ga(III) was presented to the skin as: (1) Ga³+ ions; (2) a -ve citrate complex (Ga(neg)); (3) a mixture of +ve and -ve complexes (Ga(mix)) and (4) a mixture of +ve hydroxide complexes (Ga(pos)). The permeability coefficient (Kp) of Ga(III) through human skin increased by almost 2 orders of magnitude when applied as free Ga³+ ions or a Ga(neg) complex (the two most water soluble complexes), compared to Ga(mix) or Ga(pos). This trend was not well modelled by porcine skin which proved to be less of a barrier to Ga(III) permeation compared to human skin (Kp=2 x 10⁻³ ± 2 x 10⁻⁴ cm h⁻¹). Given the significant transdermal bioavailablity of Ga(III) demonstrated by this study, it would appear prudent to re-evaluate the dermal toxicity of this metal.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Staff K,Brown MB,Chilcott RP,Hider RC,Jones SA,Kong XLdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-10 00:00:00pages
155-60issue
3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(11)00019-1journal_volume
202pub_type
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