Abstract:
:A model of the growing small animal skeleton has been developed. The model accurately reproduces a variety of different kinds of measurements made at different ages in different species, as well as reproducing a precise and detailed series of measurements in the growing guinea pig. Of the multiple mechanisms responsible for transfer of bone-seeking elements from blood to bone and back again, several are quantitatively insignificant on a skeletal scale. Surface (rapid) exchange, diffuse (slow) exchange, and secretion of new bone during growth are the principal determinants of skeletal metabolism. Bone blood flow can probably by satisfactorily modeled as a combination of a basal flow rate plus an increment that is directly proportional to formation rate of new bone.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
O'Flaherty EJdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(88)90022-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
85-95issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(88)90022-7journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Elevated intracellular Ca(2+) content is implicated in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Extracellular Ca(2+) influx has been suggested to play a role in this process. However, the exact Ca(2+)-permeable channel involved in the plasma membrane is still unclear. This study investigated the role of stor...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.007
更新日期:2012-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Styrene and its chiral main metabolite styrene-7.8-oxide are well characterized regarding their cytotoxic, genotoxic and neurotoxic properties. To our knowledge, no data exist on the influence of styrene and styrene-7.8-oxide on immune reactions. Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to environmental pollutant...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.014
更新日期:2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel is a metal widely employed in dental alloys, and due to peculiar properties of certain nickel-based materials, it cannot be substituted with other metals in some applications. The release of nickel ions from dental alloys placed into long-term contact with mouth soft tissues is alarming because of the toxic, im...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.05.019
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. General anesthesia is achieved by anesthetic action in the central nervous system (CNS). 2. Whereas amnesia and unconsciousness are due to anesthetic action in the brain, recent evidence suggests that immobility in response to a noxious stimulus is achieved by anesthetic effects in the spinal cord. The putative spi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00164-7
更新日期:1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Dibenz (b,f)-1-4 oxazepine (CR) was applied to the skin of C3H and Porton-strain mice, daily for 12 weeks. After a further 80 weeks the animals were sacrificed and examined grossly and histologically. The results were compared with appropriate solvent and untreated controls. No abnormalities were found that could be a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical use of gentamicin (G) is limited because of its nephrotoxic potential. The administration of G (50 mg/kg) to rats in a 10-day daily treatment gave a biphasic pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was highly elevated during th...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03163-2
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fenitrothion (FNT) is used worldwide in agricultural and public health settings. Spermatogenesis is a toxicological target of FNT under high-dose exposure. Although anti-androgenic action is postulated to be the mechanism associated with this toxicity, few studies have examined histopathology of androgen-dependent mal...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.023
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::BH3 mimetics, such as BH3I-1, act as Bcl-2 antagonists, promote apoptosis and are used in basic research studies on apoptotic signaling and are currently tested as experimental anti-tumor agents. The present study addresses time- and dose-dependent responses of BH3I-1 on apoptosis, cellular stress defense mediated by ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.017
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of a fetus into a phenotypic male depends, first, on testis formation and second, on hormone production by the fetal testis. Disorders of testicular hormone production or action can lead in severe cases to phenotypic abnormalities or can predispose towards impaired reproductive health. Evidence for deterio...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00298-3
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine is known to interact with the effects of opioid receptor agonists in vivo, and thus could modulate the action of morphine-like analgesics. The focus of the present work was to further study these interactions in a cell culture endowed with opioid and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.010
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of two polyamino-polycarboxylic acids, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and two thiol-chelating agents, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) on the excretion of manganese (Mn) in rabbits given Mn i.p. w...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(80)90180-0
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for farm animals are of growing interest in food and feed safety with key applications for regulated compounds including quantification of tissue concentrations, kinetic parameters and the setting of safe exposure levels on an internal dose basis. The development and applicat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.021
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diethanolamine (DEA), a secondary amine found in a number of consumer products, reportedly induces liver tumors in mice. In an attempt to define the tumorigenic mechanism of DEA, N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) formation in vivo and development of choline deficiency were examined in mice. DEA was administered with or ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00197-6
更新日期:2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Serum corticosterone levels were determined at intervals after i.p. injection of 1.8 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg body weight. Thymus weight decreased significantly 3 days after injection. The effect of Cd injection on serum corticosterone levels was almost indistinguishable from that of saline injection. Further, Cd-induced th...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90244-2
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00375-2
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential adverse effects of hazardous waste incinerators (HWI) continue to be a subject of worry. The construction of the first and up till now only HWI in Spain finished in 1999. Twenty-six subjects employed at this HWI were divided into three groups: plant, laboratory and administration. Plasma analyses of HCB,...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.09.003
更新日期:2003-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate relevance of estrogens to immune responses, we investigated whether estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) exists in mouse splenic B cells and T cells and the effect of 17beta-estradiol and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on lymphocyte mitogenesis. ERalpha was identified in both male and female mouse spl...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00203-5
更新日期:2002-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Polarographic measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption by isolated rat liver mitochondria respiring on pyruvate/malate in metabolic state 4 revealed that additions of micromolar amounts of chalepin, a naturally occurring furocoumarin resulted in significant decreases in respiratory rates. At 16 microM chalepin,...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90151-0
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy, which works to remove stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, is usually considered a "pro-survival" signal. Contrarily, apoptosis is programmed "pro-death" machinery. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous industrial pollutants. Our previous studies illustrated that a PCB quinone meta...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.002
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in lung development, but its significance in silicosis is unclear. We showed that in human coal pneumoconiosis autopsy specimens, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the Glioma-associated oncogene homolog transcription factors family (GLI) 1 proteins were up-regulated, ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.023
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans organophosphorothionate pesticides (OPT) prenatal exposure has been demonstrated. Since OPT-induced neurodevelopmental effects may be due to in situ bioactivation by foetal enzymes, the catalytic activity of the foetal CYP3A7 toward chlorpyrifos (CPF), parathion (PAR), malathion (MAL) and fenthion (FEN) has ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.006
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of zinc(II) on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), the ultimate toxic metabolite of n-hexane, was performed by quantifying the changes of two urinary biomarkers, free 2,5-HD and pyrrole derivatives, in rats exposed to 2,5-HD and to 2,5-HD plus zinc acetate. Eight groups of Wistar rats were ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00298-8
更新日期:2001-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::An intensive study was conducted to provide data on intra- and inter-individual variation in urinary excretion of a series of ingredients in personal care products (parabens, triclosan, benzophenones) and bisphenol A (BPA, not expected to be an ingredient) in 8 volunteers over 6 days. Exposure diaries recorded use of ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.023
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous in vitro studies showed marked species differences in the reactivating efficiency of oximes between human and animal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. These findings provoked the present in vitro study which was designed to determine the inhibition, aging, spontaneou...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.10.009
更新日期:2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stable and specific biomacromolecular adducts can be used to measure in vivo doses of reactive compounds. An LC/MS-MS method to measure adducts from the benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolite (±)-anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide ((±)-anti-BPDE) to His(146) in serum albumin (SA), earlier evaluated on in vitro alkylated human SA, ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.019
更新日期:2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 can be activated in nitrogen-mustard-injured mouse skin, and is thought to participate in the inflammatory response. AP-1 consists of homo- or heterodimers of Fos [c-Fos, Fos-B, fos-related antigen (Fra)-1 and Fra-2] and Jun (c-Jun, JunB and JunD) family members, and infor...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.006
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent, which produces blisters after skin contact. Treatment of SM-induced adverse health effects, such as cutaneous blistering, ulceration, and inflammation remains a challenging task. Antidotes or specific therapeutic measures are lacking. Some drugs (e.g. cyclo...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.012
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::A matched case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship between chromium (Cr) exposure and variation in mitochondrial (mt) DNA methylation. We enrolled 29 pairs of subjects in this study; Cr exposure was confirmed in the cases by detecting blood Cr and other metal ion concentrations. DNA damage caused b...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.031
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00