Actin dynamics during phagocytosis.

abstract：:The BLyS family of receptors includes two cytokines, BLyS and APRIL; and three receptors, BR3, BCMA and TACI. Together, these regulate the size and composition of peripheral B cell pools. The multiplicity of ligand-receptor sets, in conjunction with differential receptor expression, alternative binding partners and di...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Treml LS,Crowley JE,Cancro MP

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ helper T cells recognize short peptides stably associated with class II MHC molecules displayed on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Very little is known about the sequence of events that lead to the generation of these peptides from protein antigens. It is likely that native proteins must partially unfold...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Jensen PE

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Weinberg AD,Vella AT,Croft M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the adult thymus the majority of thymocytes are at a non-proliferating end stage, during which 3% of all CD4+CD8+ cortical thymocytes are selected on the basis of appropriate T-cell antigen-receptor (TcR) specificity to become CD4-CD8+ or CD4+CD8- mature thymocytes. The selected mature cells gradually emigrate to t...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Shortman K,Egerton M,Spangrude GJ,Scollay R

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes r...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Dziki JL,Hussey G,Badylak SF

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TCR gamma delta + T cells represent a minority of CD3+ T cells in many species including man. The molecular structure of the TCR gamma and delta loci in man is well understood. The gamma and delta loci contain V, D, J and C gene segments. These segments do not rearrange randomly but in a coordinated, ordered fashion d...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Spits H

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The commensal microbiome constitutes an important modulator of host physiology and risk of disease, including cancer development and progression. Lately, the microbiome has been suggested to modulate the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Examples include chemotherapy and total body irradiation-induced barrier functio...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bashiardes S,Tuganbaev T,Federici S,Elinav E

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neoantigens are antigens encoded by tumor-specific mutated genes. Studies in the past few years have suggested a key role for neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Here we review the discoveries of neoantigens in the past two decades and the current advances in neoantigen identification. We also discuss the potential b...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Lu YC,Robbins PF

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaction of CD40 on B cells with its ligand on activated T helper cells is crucial for the generation of mature T-dependent antibody responses. Experimental observations suggest that CD40 ligation acts at several points in B cell differentiation; however, it is not clear whether the consequences of ligation are dir...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Gray D,Siepmann K,Wohlleben G

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:V(D)J recombination consists of a DNA cleavage reaction catalysed by RAG1 and RAG2, followed by an end-joining reaction that utilizes the cell's double-strand break repair machinery. Genes essential for the end-joining reaction include: XRCC4 encoding a protein of unknown enzymatic function; XRCC5 and XRCC6 encoding 8...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Smider V,Chu G

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial toxin superantigens bind to MHC class II molecules and activate a large proportion of T cells through a direct interaction with the T cell receptor (TCR). The toxin: TCR interaction involves specific recognition between the beta-chain variable region and the toxin. Although a complete alpha beta T cell recep...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Gascoigne NR

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought that while B cell- and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, the primary control of intracellular microbes derives from cellular immune mechanisms. Studies on the immun...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Chan J,Mehta S,Bharrhan S,Chen Y,Achkar JM,Casadevall A,Flynn J

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterogeneity in the supramolecular organization of immunological synapses arises from the involvement of different cells, distinct environmental stimuli, and varying levels of protein expression. There may also be heterogeneity in the types and amounts of cell surface proteins and lipids that transfer between lymphoc...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Davis DM,Igakura T,McCann FE,Carlin LM,Andersson K,Vanherberghen B,Sjöström A,Bangham CR,Höglund P

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) antigens have profound effects on the murine immune system and have been very important for our current understanding of immune tolerance. It has recently been discovered that these Mls antigens are encoded in an open reading frame located in the 3' long terminal repeat of endogenous...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Acha-Orbea H,Waanders GA,Shakhov AN,Held W

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A humoral immune response in the form of autoantibodies to tumor antigens occurs early during tumor development. Identification of antigens that induce an autoantibody response restricted to a cancer type has the potential to yield markers useful for early detection. A multitude of strategies are currently available f...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kobayashi M,Katayama H,Fahrmann JF,Hanash SM

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 19...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bhatt L,Roinestad K,Van T,Springman EB

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past decade accumulating evidence supported the view that the immune system should be regarded as trust consisting of several branches. In this review, we will first introduce the architectural features comprising the intestinal immune system emphasising its plasticity and subsequently discuss the concepts desc...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Förster R,Pabst O,Bernhardt G

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adaptive immune system, which utilizes RAG-mediated recombination to diversify immune receptors, arose in ancestors of the jawed vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago. Homologs of immunoglobulins (Igs), T cell antigen receptors (TCRs), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II, and the recombinatio...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Eason DD,Cannon JP,Haire RN,Rast JP,Ostrov DA,Litman GW

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune home...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Chu CC,Di Meglio P,Nestle FO

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As T cells respond to pathogens, they must transition from a quiescent, naïve state, to a rapidly proliferating, active effector state, and back again to a quiescent state as they develop into memory cells. Such transitions place unique metabolic demands on the differentiating cells. T cells meet these demands by alte...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Verbist KC,Wang R,Green DR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, there have been a number of reports that gamma delta T cells are stimulated by heat shock, or stress, proteins. Although some alpha beta T cells are capable of recognizing heat shock proteins, we speculate that most or a group of gamma delta cells generally recognize this type of antigen. Recognition of heat...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： O'Brien RL,Born W

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mucosal surfaces of the lungs are a major portal of entry for virus infections and there are urgent needs for new vaccines that promote effective pulmonary immunity. However, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the requirements for effective cellular immunity in the respiratory tract. Recent studies have r...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Woodland DL,Randall TD

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphic MHC is absent from the trophoblast, therefore, it resists NK as well as CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. Activated gamma / delta TCR positive cells are significantly enriched in the decidua as well as in peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women. Human peripheral gamma / delta lymphocytes preferentially expre...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Szekeres-Bartho J,Barakonyi A,Miko E,Polgar B,Palkovics T

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kierdorf K,Prinz M,Geissmann F,Gomez Perdiguero E

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have important functions in the selection of memory B lymphocytes during germinal center reactions (GCR). They present native antigens to potential memory cells, of which only B cells with high affinity B cell receptors (BCR) can bind. These B lymphocytes survive, whereas nonbinding B...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： van Nierop K,de Groot C

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional therapies for malignant gliomas (MGs) fail to target tumor cells exclusively, such that their efficacy is ultimately limited by non-specific toxicity. Immunologic targeting of tumor-specific gene mutations, however, may allow more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. The epidermal growth factor recept...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Sampson JH,Archer GE,Mitchell DA,Heimberger AB,Bigner DD

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decades of basic research has established the importance of Ca2+ to various T cell functions, such as cytotoxicity, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. We now have a good understanding of how proximal TCR signaling initiates Ca2+ influx and how this influx subsequently changes transcriptional activi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Meng X,Wu X,Zheng Y,Shang K,Jing R,Jiao P,Zhou C,Zhou J,Sun J

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During lymphocyte development, cell-fate decisions are determined by a myriad of signals produced by the micro- environment of the thymus and the bone marrow. These yet to be fully defined developmental cues regulate stage-specific gene expression, and the extraordinarily well-characterized stages of T and B cell deve...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Haks MC,Oosterwegel MA,Blom B,Spits HM,Kruisbeek AM

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initially discovered as an initiator protease in apoptosis mediated by death receptors, caspase-8 is now known to have an apparently confounding opposing effect in securing cell survival. It is required to allow mouse embryo survival, and the survival of hematopoietic cells during their development and activation. Cla...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Salvesen GS,Walsh CM

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptors have been identified that are functional HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV coreceptors. However, the specific structures these receptors have in common that enable them to mediate HIV entry are unknown. Structure-function analyses have revealed that the determinants of cor...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Berson JF,Doms RW

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00