Abstract:
:We present a novel, computerized method of examining cerebral cortical thickness. The normal cortex varies in thickness from 2 to 4 mm, reflecting the morphology of neuronal sublayers. Cortical pathologies often manifest abnormal variations in thickness, with examples of Alzheimer's disease and cortical dysplasia as thin and thick cortex, respectively. Radiologically, images are 2-D slices through a highly convoluted 3-D object. Depending on the relative orientation of the slices with respect to the object, it is impossible to deduce abnormal cortical thickness without additional information from neighboring slices. We approach the problem by applying Laplace's Equation (V2psi = 0) from mathematical physics. The volume of the cortex is represented as the domain for the solution of the differential equation, with separate boundary conditions at the gray-white junction and the gray-CSF junction. Normalized gradients of psi form a vector field, representing tangent vectors along field lines connecting both boundaries. We define the cortical thickness at any point in the cortex to be the pathlength along such lines. Key advantages of this method are that it is fully three-dimensional, and the thickness is uniquely defined for any point in the cortex. We present graphical results that map cortical thickness everywhere in a normal brain. Results show global variations in cortical thickness consistent with known neuroanatomy. The application of this technique to visualization of cortical thickness in brains with known pathology has broad clinical implications.
journal_name
Hum Brain Mappjournal_title
Human brain mappingauthors
Jones SE,Buchbinder BR,Aharon Idoi
10.1002/1097-0193(200009)11:1<12::aid-hbm20>3.0.cokeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
12-32issue
1eissn
1065-9471issn
1097-0193journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the functional connectivity of different EEG bands at the "baseline" situation (rest) and during mathematical thinking in children and young adults to study the maturation effect on brain networks at rest and during a cognitive task. METHODS:Twenty children (8-12 years) and twenty students (21-2...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20492
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have found non-negligible differences in cortical thickness estimates across versions of software that are used for processing and quantifying MRI-based cortical measurements, and issues have arisen regarding these differences, as obtained estimates could potentially affect the validity of the results. However...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23139
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders comprise the spectrum of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 54 children (age 10.1 ± 1.0 years) from the Cape Town Longitudinal Cohort, for whom detailed drinking histories obtain...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23218
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rasagiline is a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor that possesses no amphetamine-like properties, and provides symptomatic relief in early and late stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Data in animal models of PD suggest that chronic administration of rasagiline is associated with structural changes in the substantia n...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23213
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive dysfunction is considered a core feature of schizophrenia, and impaired performances in episodic memory (EM) and executive function (EF) tasks are consistently reported in schizophrenia patients. Traditional fMRI and EEG studies have helped identifying brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22935
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current knowledge about small-world networks underlying emotions is sparse, and confined to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using resting-state paradigms. This fMRI study applied Eigenvector Centrality Mapping (ECM) and functional connectivity analysis to reveal neural small-world networks underly...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22416
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Stroop interference test requires a person to respond to specific elements of a stimulus while suppressing a competing response. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) work has shown increased activity in the right anterior cingulate gyrus during the Stroop test. It is unclear, however, whether the anterior c...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.460010305
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experienced video game players exhibit superior performance in visuospatial cognition when compared to non-players. However, very little is known about the relation between video game experience and structural brain plasticity. To address this issue, a direct comparison of the white matter brain structure in RTS (real...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24208
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subgroup of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with dopaminergic therapy develop compulsive reward-driven behaviors, which can result in life-altering morbidity. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine network guides reward-motivated behavior; however, its role in this treatment-related behavioral phenotype is incompl...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23860
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent theories of selective attention assume that the more attention is required by a task, the earlier are irrelevant stimuli filtered during perceptual processing. Previous functional MRI studies have demonstrated that primary visual cortex (V1) activation by peripheral distractors is reduced by higher task difficu...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20636
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research one is typically interested in neural activity. However, the blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is a composite of both neural and vascular activity. As factors such as age or medication may alter vascular function, it is essential to account for cha...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22768
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Threatening stimuli have been found to modulate visual processes related to perception and attention. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether threat modulates visual object recognition of man-made and naturally occurring categories of stimuli. Compared with nonthreatening pi...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22039
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dopaminergic system plays a key role in motor function and motor abnormalities have been shown to be a specific feature of psychosis. Due to their dopaminergic action, antipsychotic drugs may be expected to modulate motor function, but the precise effects of these drugs on motor function remain unclear. We carried...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/hbm.23485
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated brain responses to matching versus nonmatching objects in working memory (WM) with a modified delayed match-to-sample task using event-related potentials (ERPs). In addition, ERP correlates of new items (new matches/new nonmatches) and previously studied items (studied matches/studied nonmatches) were ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20409
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is unknown to what extent briefly presented emotional words can be processed without awareness. By means of two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, using either a block or an event-related design, we investigated brain activation to very briefly presented threat related and neutral words duri...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22654
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical word problems are ubiquitous and standard for teaching and evaluating generalization of mathematical knowledge for real-world contexts. It is therefore concerning that the neural mechanisms of word problem solving are not well understood, as these insights represent strong potential for improving educatio...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24502
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The resting state default mode network (DMN) has been shown to characterize a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests an underlying genetic basis for this network and hence could serve as potential endophenotype for these disorders. Heritability is a defining criterion for endophenotypes. T...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22446
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by overlapping motor, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. Worse performance in one domain is associated with worse performance in the other domains. Commonality analysis (CA) is a method of variance partitioning in multiple regression, used to separate the specific and c...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.25084
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the neural basis of intelligence have focused on comparing brain imaging variables with global scales instead of the cognitive domains integrating these scales or quotients. Here, the relation between mean tract-based fractional anisotropy (mTBFA) and intelligence indices was explored. Deterministic tractog...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24848
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to determine whether functional connectivity streams that link sensory, attentional, and higher-order cognitive circuits are atypical in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We applied a graph-theory method to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 120 children with ADHD ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22790
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study constructs a rat brain T2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging template including olfactory bulb and a compatible digital atlas. The atlas contains 624 carefully delineated brain structures based on the newest (2005) edition of rat brain atlas by Paxinos and Watson. An automated procedure, as an SPM toolbox...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21511
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large body of behavioural research has used the cued task-switching paradigm to characterize the nature of trial-by-trial preparatory adjustments that enable fluent task implementation when demands on cognitive flexibility are high. This work reviews the growing number of fMRI studies on the same topic, mostly focus...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/hbm.21420
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have shown reductions of brain volume associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol. Previous studies consider regional brain volumes independently but ignore potential relationships across numerous structures. This study aims to (a) ide...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24867
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal attention network (DAN), including frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortices, and its link with the posterior thalamus, contribute to visual-spatial abilities. Very premature birth impairs both visual-spatial abilities and cortico-thalamic structural connectivity. We hypothesized that impaired stru...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24685
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deviation between chronological age and age predicted using brain MRI is a putative marker of overall brain health. Age prediction based on structural MRI data shows high accuracy in common brain disorders. However, brain aging is complex and heterogenous, both in terms of individual differences and the underlying...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.25323
更新日期:2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::General cognitive ability (GCA) refers to a trait-like ability that contributes to performance across diverse cognitive tasks. Identifying brain-based markers of GCA has been a longstanding goal of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Recently, predictive modeling methods have emerged that build whole-brain, distribut...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.25007
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial location of an object can be represented in two frames of reference: egocentric (relative to the observer's body or body parts) and allocentric (relative to another object independent of the observer). The object positions relative to the two frames can be either congruent (e.g., both left or both right) o...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23508
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that abnormalities in the frontal area of the brain underpin the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Fundamental to this investigation is the delineation of frontal white matter tracts including dorsal and ventral frontal projections of interhemispheric connections. While prev...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21372
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve characterized by paresthesias and pain in the first through fourth digits. We hypothesize that aberrant afferent input from CTS will lead to maladaptive cortical plasticity, which may be corrected by appropriate therapy. Functional MRI ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20261
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During complex tasks, patterns of functional connectivity differ from those in the resting state. However, what accounts for such differences remains unclear. Brain activity during a task reflects an unknown mixture of spontaneous and task-evoked activities. The difference in functional connectivity between a task sta...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24335
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00