Abstract：
:There is increasing evidence to suggest that hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure is the result of altered glutamatergic function. In particular, the high affinity uptake of glutamate is decreased in brain slices and synaptosomes from rats with acute liver failure as well as by exposure of cultured astrocytes to concentrations of ammonia equivalent to those reported in brain in acute liver failure. Both protein and gene expression of the recently cloned and sequenced astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 are significantly reduced in the brains of rats with acute liver failure. Decreased expression of GLT-1 in brain in acute liver failure results in increased extracellular brain glutamate concentrations which correlates with arterial ammonia concentrations and with the appearance of severe encephalopathy and brain edema in these animals. Ammonia-induced reductions in expression of GLT-1 resulting in increased extracellular glutamate concentrations could explain some of the symptoms (hyperexcitability, cerebral edema) characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Chan H,Butterworth RFdoi
10.1023/a:1022532623281keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-01 00:00:00pages
1397-401issue
11eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Ingestion of ammonium induces hyperammonemia which increases tubulin content in cerebrum but not in cerebellum. We have dissected 11 discrete areas of cerebrum and quantified the tubulin content in control and hyperammonemic rats. An heterogeneity in the induction of tubulin is shown. The areas more affected are ventr...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965516
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) treatment alters infarction volume following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was produced in adult male rats by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. NT-4/5 was administered in...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02532298
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative condition that affects the elderly population. Its primary symptom is memory loss. The memory dysfunction in AD has been associated with cortical cholinergic deficiency and loss of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). Zizyphus jujube (ZJ) a...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1232-8
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidation of [2,3-14C]succinate in the intramitochondrial Krebs cycle was used as a probe to investigate the effect of ammonia on protein incorporation and Krebs cycle oxidation of succinate carbons in isolated rat hepatocytes. At low concentrations of ammonium chloride (0.1 to 0.5 mM) a slight increase in 14CO2 forma...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965690
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with diabetes display a progressive decay in the physiological counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia, resulting in hypoglycemia unawareness. The mechanism through which the brain adapts to hypoglycemia may involve brain glycogen. We tested the hypothesis that brain glycogen supercompensation following h...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-017-2178-z
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The characteristics and properties of the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] that occurs in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells on exposure to angiotensin 11 have been investigated. In fura-2 loaded cells exposure to a maximally effective concentration of angiotensin II (100 nM) caused a rapid, but transient increase ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1024987128090
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metal ions are often used to block calcium channels in various tissues, including synaptosomes. In the present study, Fura-2 was used to determine the effectiveness of various metal ions as calcium channel blockers in rat brain synaptosomes in vitro. In buffer solutions, La3+ and Cd2+ increased the Fura-2 fluorescence...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965611
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axonal regeneration across the site of spinal cord lesion is often aborted in adult mammalian species. The use of DNA vaccine to nullify the inhibitory molecules has been shown to be effective in promoting axonal regeneration in injured spinal cord. The possible molecular mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-009-9951-6
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radioactive 125I seeds-based radiotherapy has achieved great success in treatment of human cancers. However, radioresistance and severe side effects badly limited its clinic application. Recently, chemoradiotherapy as a superior strategy has been rapidly developed and widely used in clinic. However, the underlying mec...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2547-2
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal differentiation and aging are known to involve many genes, which may also be differentially expressed during these developmental processes. From primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons, we have previously identified various differentially expressed gene transcripts from cultured cortical neurons using the ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-005-8800-5
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptides are derived from large and inactive proteins which require endoproteolytic processing for the biosynthesis of the bioactive peptides. The maturation of pro-neuropeptide to neuropeptide is believed to be performed by ortholog pro-protein convertase EGL-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Furthermore...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2636-2
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is verified to have neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, but the role of NOX2 in this effect has not been illuminated. So this study explored the role of NOX2 in TBI models treated with DHA, aiming to complete the mechanism of DHA...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-03078-z
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incubation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase with the five amyloid peptide fragments [Aβ17-21; Aβ25-29; Aβ29-33; Aβ33-37; Aβ25-37] catalyzed the formation of fibrils. The role of neuronal isomer (nNOS) involved the entrapment of free monomers and seed aggregates to initiate the events of nucleation and elongation,...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1206-x
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presynaptic dopamine (DA) D2 receptor-mediated regulation of ATP-sensitive potassium (K+ATP) channels was examined in slices of the rat caudate-putamen. When slices were incubated with the specific D2 receptor antagonist (-)-sulpiride (SLP), a concentration-dependent increase of extracellular DA release was observ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1026620316090
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social isolation during early development is one of the most potent stressors that can cause alterations in the processes of brain maturation, leading to behavioral and neurochemical changes that may persist to adulthood. Exposure to palatable diets during development can also affect neural circuits with long-term con...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1083-3
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in oxidative stress processes, apoptosis and cell differentiation. Further, some proteins related to cell cycle including cyclins and p21 are important markers of astrocyte cultures. Aim of investigation was to study the effects of cholinergic precursors (choline, CDP-choli...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-012-0873-3
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression afflicts more than 300 million people worldwide, but there is currently no universally effective drug in clinical practice. In this study, chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice depression model was used to study the antidepressant effects of resveratrol and its mechanism. Our results showed that resve...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-03200-1
更新日期：2021-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is extensively used to investigate the role of central serotonin (5-HT). However, several studies reported that ATD had no significant effect on central 5-HT concentration and some ATD-induced changes was independent of 5-HT in the rodent brain. Therefore, the potential mechanism of AT...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1177-y
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We found that chronic lithium diet affects the sensitivity of neuroleptic receptors and the content of amino acids in the brain, and that the changes in adult animals differ from those in young rats. Pregnant rats were kept on lithium diet (pellets with 0.21% Li2CO3 and 0.21% NaCl) during the gestation period and the ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964703
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mevalonate phosphorylation was studied in neonatal chick brain. Formation of phosphorylated derivatives of mevalonic acid increased with the pH in the range assays (5.5-9.5). Phosphomevalonate kinase was completely inactivated after treatment at 50 degree C for 5-10 min, whereas mevalonate kinase was found to retain i...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965047
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin (SS) is an inhibitory regulator of secretory and proliferative responses that activates a group of receptors in the plasma membrane termed SSR1-5. SSR2 is one of the most abundant SSR, which also is expressed in high numbers in many neuroendocrine tumor types. Here, we describe a study of the presence and...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022848718109
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinesterase activities in rat forebrain, erythrocytes, and plasma were assessed after a single oral administration of metrifonate or dichlorvos. In 3-month-old rats, the dichlorvos (10 mg/kg p.o.)induced inhibition of cholinesterase reached its peak in brain after l5-45 min and after 10-30 min in erythrocytes and p...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02531650
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that antioxidants containing sulfhydryl (-SH) groups are protective against the toxic effects of mercury. The current study was designed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the cytoprotective effects of glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against the toxicity of inorganic mercury (HgCl(2)) in ne...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-009-9962-3
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective blockade of a subset of GABA(A) receptors may be involved in the antipsychotic effects of Clozapine and several other antipsychotic drugs. Seven antipsychotic drugs, and 11 drugs classified as antidepressants that only partially reverse the inhibitory effect of 1 microM GABA on [35S]TBPS binding, do not yiel...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1027359422433
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factors secreted by C6 glioma cells which induce electrical resistances across endothelial monolayers in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model have been partially characterised for the first time. These transendothelial electrical resistances (TEERs) were only evident when cell-free conditioned medium derived from C6 ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020932121378
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wobbler mouse suffers an autosomal recessive mutation producing severe neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in spinal cord. It has been considered a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We have studied in these animals the expression of two proteins, the growth-associated protein (GAP-43) and the NADPH-diaphoras...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020918310281
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteasome inhibition has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, the effect of proteasome inhibition on the morphology of cultured rat cortical astrocytes was investigated. Increasing evidence suggests that the function of astrocytes is related close...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9830-6
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Planarians are rapidly developing into very useful research subjects in pharmacology and neuroscience research. Here we report that curare, a cholinergic nicotinic receptor antagonist, alleviates the nicotine-induced planarian seizure-like movements (pSLM) by up to 50 % at equimolar concentrations of nicotine and cura...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1512-6
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, changes of the expression of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes encoding the subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (CO) and NADH dehydrogenase (ND) were studied in the hippocampus, inferior parietal lobule, and cerebellum of 10 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 age-matched control subjects. The altered pr...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020783614031
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional cerebral glucose utilization (RCGU) and behavior were studied during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in rats after chronic intravenous (IV) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of sufentanil citrate, a potent, highly selective mu opiate agonist. Changes in RCGU were indistinguishable between the t...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01006813
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
