Abstract：
:APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) are DNA-mutating enzymes expressed in T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. A3G/F have been considered innate immune host factors, based on reports that they lethally mutate the HIV genome in vitro. In vivo, A3G/F effectiveness is limited by viral proteins, entrapment in inactive complexes and filtration of mutations during viral life cycle. We hypothesized that the impact of sub-lethal A3G/F action could extend beyond the realm of innate immunity confined to the cytoplasm of infected cells. We measured recognition of wild type and A3G/F-mutated epitopes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from HIV-infected individuals and found that A3G/F-induced mutations overwhelmingly diminished CTL recognition of HIV peptides, in a human histocompatibility-linked leukocyte antigen (HLA)-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found corresponding enrichment of A3G/F-favored motifs in CTL epitope-encoding sequences within the HIV genome. These findings illustrate that A3G/F-mediated mutations mediate immune evasion by HIV in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that vaccine strategies target T cell or antibody epitopes that are not poised for mutation into escape variants by A3G/F action.
journal_name
AIDS Res Therjournal_title
AIDS research and therapyauthors
Grant M,Larijani Mdoi
10.1186/s12981-017-0173-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-12 00:00:00pages
44issue
1issn
1742-6405pii
10.1186/s12981-017-0173-8journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Against the current global trends, in the former Soviet Union (FSU) countries HIV prevalence is on the rise. Visa-free movement across borders has facilitated migrant-associated HIV transmission within this region. Despite efforts from the governments to curtail the growing epidemic, there is still a serious need for ...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12981-019-0251-1
更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the introduction of combined therapy with reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors has resulted in considerable decrease in HIV related mortality; it has also induced the development of multiple drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. The few studies on HIV-1 mutagenesis in HIV infected children have no...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-4-15
更新日期：2007-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sustained use of antiretroviral therapy has been consistently shown to be one of the primary predictors of long-term effectiveness. Switching and discontinuation reflect patient and provider decisions that may limit future treatment options. In this study, we utilize data reported at semi-annual study visits...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-4-12
更新日期：2007-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We report a case of an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria that was successfully managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). CASE RE...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-11-37
更新日期：2014-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:A segment of the HIV infected population develops abnormal and excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, including accumulation of visceral (deep abdominal) adipose tissue. This condition, known as HIV-related adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS), may also be accompanied by fat accumulation in the upper...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-4-16
更新日期：2007-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：: In HIV-1 infected patients, increase of liver enzymes may be mainly due to viral coinfections, alcohol intake, hepatotoxic drugs or autoimmune diseases. Three cases of aminotransferase elevation occurred during a phase of uncontrolled viral replication combined with a severe immunodeficiency and resolved by an effect...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-8-9
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:People who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV often experience sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment outcomes, including HIV plasma viral load (PVL) rebound. While previous studies have identified risk factors for PVL rebound among PWID, no study has examined the perspectives of PWID who have e...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-016-0108-9
更新日期：2016-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND:The high cost of CD4 count estimation in resource-limited countries is a major challenge in initiating patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Therefore, assessment of inexpensive and simple laboratory diagnostic marker is mandatory to diagnose immuno-suppression. OBJECTIVE:To...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-9-21
更新日期：2012-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative neoplasm characterized by inflammation, oedema, neoangiogenesis and spindle cell proliferation. The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated KS (HIV-KS) is multifactorial. HHV-8 is an essential factor but not in itself sufficient to ...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-5-2
更新日期：2008-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Today, scientists are often encouraged to custom-design vaccines based on a particular country or clade. Here, we review the scientific literature and then suggest that the overwhelming endeavor to produce a unique vaccine for every world region or virus subtype may not be necessary. ...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-2-3
更新日期：2005-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. Products derived from natural sources have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication during various stages of the virus life cycle, and therefore represen...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-3-15
更新日期：2006-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Separately, chronic alcohol ingestion and HIV-1 infection are associated with severe skeletal muscle derangements, including atrophy and wasting, weakness, and fatigue. One prospective cohort study reported that 41% of HIV-infected patients met the criteria for alcoholism, however; few reports exist on the c...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-8-30
更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A negative status following confirmatory Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) is the desired pediatric outcome of prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs. EID impacts epidemic control by confirming non-infected HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) and prompting timely initiation of ART in HIV-infected babi...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-019-0245-z
更新日期：2019-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A 4-week, uninterrupted treatment with 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA, commonly called tenofovir) completely prevents simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmne) infection in cynomolgus macaques if treatment begins within 24 hours after SIVmne inoculation, but is less effective if treatment is delay...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-3-29
更新日期：2006-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As a simplification strategy for treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients who have achieved virologic suppression on a multi-drug, multi-class antiretroviral regimen, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of once-daily elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofo...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-017-0185-4
更新日期：2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE:To investigate anti-infective treatments in HIV-infected surgical patients during the perioperative period. METHODS:A retrospective study of sepsis and surgical site infections (SSIs) was conducted in 266 HIV-infected patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on CD4+ T cells counts...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-9-36
更新日期：2012-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To describe the development and the psychometric properties of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità-HIV symptoms scale (lSS-HIV symptoms scale). METHODS:The ISS-HIV symptom scale was developed by an Italian working team including researchers, physicians and people living with HIV. The development process went t...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-016-0102-2
更新日期：2016-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves the immune function and decreases morbidity, mortality and opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV-infected patients. However, since the use of HAART, immune restoration disease (IRD) has been described in association with many OIs. Our objective was to det...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-7-46
更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：: After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), an increased incidence of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases has been described. The impact of such conditions on mortality in the post-HAART era has been also assessed in various modes in the literature. In...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-7-11
更新日期：2010-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hypogonadism is common among HIV-infected men, even among men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected controls. We also examined the use of free testosterone (FT) and to...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-11-6
更新日期：2014-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In many countries in Asia, the HIV epidemic is in a concentrated phase, with high prevalence in certain risk groups, such as men who inject drugs. There is also a rapid increase of HIV among women. The latter might be due to high levels of sero-discordant couples and increasing transmission from male to fema...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-016-0124-9
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tubular dysfunction is common in HIV-infected people and detection of proteinuria is essential to identify this problem. In low-income countries, resources for detection of proteinuria using the Kidney Disease Improve Global Outcomes (KDIGO) gold standard urinary protein/creatinine ratio (uPCR) is rarely pos...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-015-0047-x
更新日期：2015-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) have been an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. There is no data on the spectrum of NADCs in Mexico. We describe the type of neoplasms, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HIV-infected patients with NADCs. METHODS:We conducted a retrospe...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-018-0202-2
更新日期：2018-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that has been shown to attenuate central nervous system (CNS) lentivirus infection, immune activation, and brain injury in model systems. To initiate assessment of minocycline as an adjuvant therapy in human CNS HIV infection, we conducted an open-labelled pilot study...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-8-17
更新日期：2011-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate psychometric characteristics and cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the 7-item PROMIS® Fatigue Short Form and additional fatigue items among people living with HIV (PLWH) in a nationally distributed network of clinics collecting patient reported data at the time of routine clinical care. ...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-017-0146-y
更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare outcomes with single tablet regimens (STR) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTR) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment using published data. DESIGN:Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of literature on approved and investigational HIV regimens. METHODS:The research followed...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1186/s12981-018-0204-0
更新日期：2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular levels of glutathione are depleted in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom the risk of tuberculosis, particularly disseminated disease is many times that of healthy individuals. In this study, we examined the role of glutathione in immunity against tuberculosis infection in samples de...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-3-5
更新日期：2006-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has proved to be a highly effective gene silencing mechanism with great potential for HIV/AIDS gene therapy. Previous work with siRNAs against cellular coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 had shown that down regulation of these surface molecules co...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-2-1
更新日期：2005-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The population of HIV replicating within a host consists of independently evolving and interacting sub-populations that can be genetically distinct within anatomical compartments. HIV replicating within the brain causes neurocognitive disorders in up to 20-30% of infected individuals and is a viral sanctuary...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-6405-7-43
更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the natural history of HIV-infection: the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) has decreased and mortality associated to HIV has improved dramatically. The reasons for hospitalization have changed; OIs are no longer the most common reason for admission. This s...
journal_title：AIDS research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12981-017-0186-3
更新日期：2017-11-13 00:00:00
