Transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in mice by different infective routes.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor that plays a key role in inflammation and immune responses, as well as in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Previous studies by our group and others have demonstrated that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Fang Y,Fang L,Wang Y,Lei Y,Luo R,Wang D,Chen H,Xiao S

更新日期：2012-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Construction of conditionally-replicative Adenovirus (CRAd) is complex and time-consuming. While homologous recombination (HR) using a two-plasmid system in bacteria is commonly used to generate CRAds, alternative methods may be required when HR fails. Previously, in vitro ligation has been suggested to faci...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Haviv YS

更新日期：2009-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection is the major viral cause of well-documented birth defects in human. Because CMV is species-specific, the main obstacle to developing animal models for congenital infection is the difference in placental architecture, which preludes virus transmission across the plac...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Loh HS,Mohd-Lila MA,Abdul-Rahman SO,Kiew LJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F (HBV/F) is considered to be indigenous to the Americas, but its emergence and spread in the continent remain unknown. Previously, only two HBV/F complete genome sequences from Brazil were available, limiting the contribution of Brazilian isolates to the phylogenetic studies...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Mello FC,Araujo OC,Lago BV,Motta-Castro AR,Moraes MT,Gomes SA,Bello G,Araujo NM

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Virus taxonomy at present is best characterized as a categorization of convenience, without a firm basis in the principles of evolutionary biology. Specifically, virus species definitions appear to depend more on tradition and popular opinion among virologists than on firm, quantitative biological evidence. I suggest ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Peterson AT

更新日期：2014-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Host serine proteases are essential for the influenza virus life cycle because the viral haemagglutinin is synthesized as a precursor which requires proteolytic maturation. Therefore, we studied the activity and expression of serine proteases in lungs from mice infected with influenza and evaluated the effec...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Bahgat MM,Błazejewska P,Schughart K

更新日期：2011-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In Pakistan, there are estimated 7-9 million carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a carrier rate of 3-5%. This article reviews the available literature about the prevalence, risk factors, awareness status and genotypes of the HBV in Pakistan by using key words; HBV prevalence, risk factors, awareness status and ge...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Ali M,Idrees M,Ali L,Hussain A,Ur Rehman I,Saleem S,Afzal S,Butt S

更新日期：2011-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Panicum streak virus (PanSV; Family Geminiviridae; Genus Mastrevirus) is a close relative of Maize streak virus (MSV), the most serious viral threat to maize production in Africa. PanSV and MSV have the same leafhopper vector species, largely overlapping natural host ranges and similar geographical distribut...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Varsani A,Monjane AL,Donaldson L,Oluwafemi S,Zinga I,Komba EK,Plakoutene D,Mandakombo N,Mboukoulida J,Semballa S,Briddon RW,Markham PG,Lett JM,Lefeuvre P,Rybicki EP,Martin DP

更新日期：2009-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Virology Journal is an exclusively on-line, Open Access journal devoted to the presentation of high-quality original research concerning human, animal, plant, insect bacterial, and fungal viruses. Virology Journal will establish a strategic alternative to the traditional virology communication process. ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Garry RF

更新日期：2004-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the main causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Since December 2010, a large-scale outbreak of diarrhea has been observed in swine farms in China. Accumulated evidence indicates that this large-scale outbreak of diarrhea were caused by highly virulent PE...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Lin H,Chen L,Gao L,Yuan X,Ma Z,Fan H

更新日期：2016-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) has been associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens along with asymptomatic subclinical infection in many cases. So far, four genotypes have been described, which cause infection in chickens, specifically in broiler breeders and layer chickens. In the pre...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Iqbal T,Rashid U,Idrees M,Afroz A,Kamili S,Purdy MA

更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A vaccine against all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes includes the formulation of one genotype of each serotype. Although genetic similarities among genotypes within a serotype are higher as compared to those among serotypes, differences in the immunogenicity of the included genotypes would be a critical ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Azami NAM,Moi ML,Ami Y,Suzaki Y,Lim CK,Taniguchi S,Saijo M,Takasaki T,Kurane I

更新日期：2018-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is known of having caused numerous outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease, and other clinical manifestations globally. In 2008, 989 EV-71 strains were isolated in Taiwan. RESULTS:In this study, the genetic and antigenic properties of these strains were analyzed and the genetic div...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Huang YP,Lin TL,Hsu LC,Chen YJ,Tseng YH,Hsu CC,Fan WB,Yang JY,Chang FY,Wu HS

更新日期：2010-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Entry of Ebolavirus to the target cells is mediated by the viral glycoprotein GP. The native GP exists as a homotrimer on the virions and contains two subunits, a surface subunit (GP1) that is involved in receptor binding and a transmembrane subunit (GP2) that mediates the virus-host membrane fusion. Previou...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Manicassamy B,Rong L

更新日期：2009-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem with more than 170 million cases of chronic infections worldwide. There is no protective vaccine currently available for HCV, therefore the development of novel strategy to prevent chronic infection is important. We reported earlier that a re...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Chandra PK,Hazari S,Poat B,Gunduz F,Prabhu R,Liu G,Burioni R,Clementi M,Garry RF,Dash S

更新日期：2010-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children, especially in the Asia-Pacific regions. EV71 vaccine development is of high priority at present, and neutralization antibodies have been documented to play critical roles during in vitro and in vivo protection aga...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Li YX,Zhao H,Cao RY,Deng YQ,Han JF,Zhu SY,Ma J,Liu L,Qin ED,Qin CF

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Guards of Cyprian honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera cypria, display a great defensive behaviour against hornets' attacks. The deformed wing virus (DWV) and the kakugo virus (KV) genomes are very similar, but unlike KV, the presence of DWV is not related to honey bees' aggressiveness. This discrepancy is further discu...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Rortais A,Tentcheva D,Papachristoforou A,Gauthier L,Arnold G,Colin ME,Bergoin M

更新日期：2006-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases are known to be zoonotic diseases that can infect different kinds of animals. The transmissibility of TSE, like that of other infectious diseases, shows marked species barrier, either being unable to infect heterologous species or difficult to form trans...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Shi Q,Zhang BY,Gao C,Zhang J,Jiang HY,Chen C,Han J,Dong XP

更新日期：2012-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral pathogen associated with bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. The respiratory epithelium is the primary initiator of pulmonary inflammation in RSV infections, which cause significant perturbations of ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Zhao D,Peng D,Li L,Zhang Q,Zhang C

更新日期：2008-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are serious complications in lung transplant recipients. No consensus on EBV DNAemia levels predictive of PTLD has been reached. In addition, in many instances EBV DNAemia is determined in patients with suggestive symptoms only. METHODS:The characteristic...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Baldanti F,Rognoni V,Cascina A,Oggionni T,Tinelli C,Meloni F

更新日期：2011-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into nine genotypes (A-I) defined by sequence divergence of more than 8% based on the complete genome. This study aims to identify the genotypic distribution of HBV in 40 HBsAg-positive patients from Rondônia, Brazil. A fragment of 1306 bp partially comprising surfac...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Santos AO,Alvarado-Mora MV,Botelho L,Vieira DS,Pinho JR,Carrilho FJ,Honda ER,Salcedo JM

更新日期：2010-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:About half of the world's population are living in the endemic area of dengue viruses implying that a rapid-mass vaccination may be required. In addition, a major target of dengue vaccine are children, thus, a needle-free administration is more attractive. These problems may be overcome by the alternative ro...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Nantachit N,Sunintaboon P,Ubol S

更新日期：2016-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute gastroenteritis caused by bacteria, virus and parasite is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus have been recognized as the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis among children. However, there is still no valuable data abo...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Sai L,Sun J,Shao L,Chen S,Liu H,Ma L

更新日期：2013-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human cytomegalovirus UL114 encodes a uracil-DNA glycosylase homolog that is highly conserved in all characterized herpesviruses that infect mammals. Previous studies demonstrated that the deletion of this nonessential gene delays significantly the onset of viral DNA synthesis and results in a prolonged repl...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Prichard MN,Lawlor H,Duke GM,Mo C,Wang Z,Dixon M,Kemble G,Kern ER

更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:An extensive outbreak of equine influenza occurred across multiple countries in South America during 2012. The epidemic was first reported in Chile then spread to Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, where both vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were affected. In Brazil, infections were widespread within 3months ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Alves Beuttemmüller E,Woodward A,Rash A,Dos Santos Ferraz LE,Fernandes Alfieri A,Alfieri AA,Elton D

更新日期：2016-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) are significant causes of encephalitis and meningitis in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, type and viral RNA concentration of EV and HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in an unselected cohort of patients <18 years admitted ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Vollbach S,Müller A,Drexler JF,Simon A,Drosten C,Eis-Hübinger AM,Panning M

更新日期：2015-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previously, we have reported the isolation and molecular characterization of human Hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) from infected patients. We are now reporting an analysis of HCV obtained from patients infected with HCV genotype 3 (HCV-3) as diagnosed by clinical laboratories. RESULTS:HCV was cultured ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Revie D,Alberti MO,Prichard JG,Kelley AS,Salahuddin SZ

更新日期：2010-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a small rabbit-like mammal that lives at high altitudes in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is in close contact with birds. Following the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 during 2005 in the migratory birds of Qinghai Lake, two clades of H5N1 have...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Li Y,Xiao H,Huang C,Sun H,Li L,Su J,Ma J,Liu D,Wang H,Liu W,Gao GF,Li X,Yan J

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Most viruses take advantage of endocytic pathways to gain entry into host cells and initiate infections. Understanding of virus entry via endocytosis is critically important for the design of antiviral strategies. Virus entry via endocytosis is a complex process involving hundreds of cellular proteins. The entire proc...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Barrow E,Nicola AV,Liu J

更新日期：2013-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The replication of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in human cell lines suggests a potential infectious risk in xenotransplantation. PERV isolated from human cells following cocultivation with porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a recombinant of PERV-A and PERV-C. We describe two different recombinant PE...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Martin SI,Wilkinson R,Fishman JA

更新日期：2006-11-02 00:00:00