Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) has been associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens along with asymptomatic subclinical infection in many cases. So far, four genotypes have been described, which cause infection in chickens, specifically in broiler breeders and layer chickens. In the present study, we isolated and identified two novel aHEV strains from the bile of layer chickens in Pakistan evincing clinical symptoms related to HSS. METHODOLOGY:Histology of liver and spleen tissues was carried out to observe histopathological changes in these tissues. Bile fluid and fecal suspensions were used for viral RNA isolation through MegNA pure and Trizol method which was further used for viral genome detection and characterization by cDNA synthesis and amplification of partial open reading frame (ORF) 1, ORF2 and complete ORF3. The bioinformatics tools; Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6), Mfold and ProtScale were used for phylogenic analysis, RNA secondary structure prediction and protein hydropathy analysis, respectively. RESULTS:Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial methyltranferase (MeT), helicase (Hel) domain, ORF2 and complete ORF3 sequence suggests these Pakistani aHEV (Pak aHEV) isolates may belong to a Pakistani specific clade. The overall sequence similarity between the Pak aHEV sequences was 98-100%. The ORF1/ORF3 intergenic region contains a conserved cis-reactive element (CRE) and stem-loop structure (SLS). Analysis of the amino acid sequence of ORF3 indicated two hydrophobic domains (HD) and single conserved proline-rich domain (PRD) PREPSAPP (PXXPXXPP) with a single PSAP motif found in C-terminal. Amino acid changes S15 T, A31T, Q35H and G46D unique to the Pak aHEV sequences were found in the N-terminal region of ORF3. CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggests that Pak aHEV isolates may represent a novel Pakistani clade and high sequence homology to each other support the supposition they may belong to a monophyletic clade circulating in the region around Pakistan. The data presented in this study provide further information for aHEV genetic diversity, genotype mapping, global distribution and epidemiology.
journal_name
Virol Jjournal_title
Virology journalauthors
Iqbal T,Rashid U,Idrees M,Afroz A,Kamili S,Purdy MAdoi
10.1186/s12985-019-1247-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-21 00:00:00pages
142issue
1issn
1743-422Xpii
10.1186/s12985-019-1247-0journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Virology Journal文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Avian influenza virus (AIV) is classified into two pathotypes, low pathogenic (LP) and high pathogenic (HP), based on virulence in chickens.Differences in pathogenicity between HPAIV and LPAIV might eventually be related to specific characteristics of strains, tissue tropism and host responses. METHODS:To s...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-9-61
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Guards of Cyprian honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera cypria, display a great defensive behaviour against hornets' attacks. The deformed wing virus (DWV) and the kakugo virus (KV) genomes are very similar, but unlike KV, the presence of DWV is not related to honey bees' aggressiveness. This discrepancy is further discu...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-61
更新日期:2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of domestic poultry and wild birds has spread to more than 60 countries in Eurasia and Africa. It is concerned that HPAIVs may be perpetuated in the lakes in Siberia where migratory water birds nest in summer. To monitor whether HPAIVs ci...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-65
更新日期:2011-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinia virus protein A33 (A33VACV) plays an important role in protection against orthopoxviruses, and hence is included in experimental multi-subunit smallpox vaccines. In this study we show that single-dose vaccination with recombinant Sindbis virus expressing A33VACV, is sufficient to protect mice against lethal c...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-229
更新日期:2013-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Influenza A virus evolution in humans is driven at least in part by mutations allowing the virus to escape antibody neutralization. Little is known about the evolution of influenza in birds, a major reservoir of influenza A. METHODS:Neutralizing polyclonal antiserum was raised in chicken against reassortant...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-180
更新日期:2011-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Duck hepatitis virus (DHV-1) is a worldwide distributed picornavirus that causes acute and fatal disease in young ducklings. Recently, the complete genome of DHV-1 has been determined and comparative sequence analysis has shown that possesses the typical picornavirus organization but exhibits several unique features. ...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-147
更新日期:2011-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Varicella (chickenpox) exhibits a characteristic epidemiological pattern which is associated with climate. In general, primary infections in tropical regions are comparatively less frequent among children than in temperate regions. This peculiarity regarding varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection among certa...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-370
更新日期:2011-07-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection by any one of 15 high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types causes most invasive cervical cancers. Their oncogenic genome is encapsidated by L1 (major) and L2 (minor) coat proteins. Current HPV prophylactic vaccines are composed of L1 virus-like particles (VLP) that elicit type restricted immunit...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0364-7
更新日期:2015-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since its emergence in March 2009, the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus has posed a serious threat to public health. To trace the evolutionary path of these new pathogens, we performed a selection-pressure analysis of a large number of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences of H1N1 infl...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-183
更新日期:2011-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a causal role in cervical cancer with almost half a million new cases occurring each year. Presence of the carcinogenic HPV is necessary for the development of the invasive carcinoma of the genital tract. Therefore, persistent infection with carcinogenic HPV causes virtually al...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-4-33
更新日期:2007-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Treatment recommendation and response are mainly indicated by viral load, e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, and ALT levels. The S antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is much less frequent. Since HBeAg can be negative in the presence of high ...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-4-93
更新日期:2007-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uukuniemi virus (UUKV) belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. As a non-pathogenic virus for humans UUKV has served as a safe model bunyavirus in a number of studies addressing fundamental questions such as organization and regulation of viral genes, genome replication, structure and ass...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-187
更新日期:2010-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::In order to improve the presentation and immunogenicity of single epitopes, virus-like particles (VLPs) are being used as platforms for the display of foreing epitopes on their surface. The rotavirus major capsid protein VP6 has the ability to self-assemble into empty non-infectious VLPs. In the present study, we anal...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-192
更新日期:2009-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent associated with development of classical, AIDS-related, iatrogenic, and endemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Several studies provide strong evidence that HHV-8 can be transmitted by blood transfusion. We evaluated the seroprevalence and potential risk factors of ...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-62
更新日期:2010-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::A TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV). Two primers and a TaqMan probe for the non-structural protein NS1 gene were designed. The detection limit was 1 x 10² DNA copies/μL, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copi...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-353
更新日期:2010-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Norovirus (NoV) has been recognized as the leading cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults worldwide. Stool samples collected from outpatients with clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups at the First People's Hospital in Huzhou, Huzhou,...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0370-9
更新日期:2015-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early in infection, the genome of the influenza A virus, consisting of eight complexes of RNA and proteins (termed viral ribonucleoproteins; vRNPs), enters the nucleus of infected cells for replication. Incoming vRNPs are imported into the nucleus of infected cells using at least two nuclear localization seq...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-68
更新日期:2009-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is major public health concern. The limitations of available antiviral drugs require development of novel approaches to inhibit HBV replication. This study was conducted to identify functional elements and new siRNA target sites within the highly conserved regions of th...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-216
更新日期:2010-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock which causes severe economic loss in cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccination is still a major strategy in developing countries to control FMD. Currently, inactivated vaccine of FMDV has been used in many countries with limited success and sa...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-77
更新日期:2011-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Viruses included in the family Iridoviridae are large, icosahedral, dsDNA viruses that are subdivided into 5 genera. Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus Ranavirus and the best studied iridovirus at the molecular level. Typically, antibodies directed against a virus act to neutralize the virus...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-41
更新日期:2010-02-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diverse vaccination outcomes and protection levels among different populations pose a serious challenge to the development of an effective malaria vaccine. Co-infections are among many factors associated with immune dysfunction and sub-optimal vaccination outcomes. Chronic, asymptomatic viral infections can ...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01500-8
更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and many cloven-hoofed wild animals. FMDV serotypes O and Asia 1 have circulated separately in China during the last fifty years, and eliminating infected animals and vaccination are the main policies to prev...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-186
更新日期:2011-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is a neglected tropical disease with significant impact on the health care system, society, and economy of Western and Central African nations where it is endemic. With a high rate of infection that may lead to morbidity and mortality, understanding how the virus interacts with ...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-306
更新日期:2010-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are one of the important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Currently, eight HAstV genotypes have been identified and all but two (HAstV-6 and HAstV-7) have been fully sequenced. We here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a HAstV-6 strain (192-BJ07), which was...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-29
更新日期:2010-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Urabe AM9 vaccine strain of mumps virus contains two variants of V protein: VWT (of HN-A1081 viral population) and VGly (of HN-G1081). The V protein is a promoting factor of viral replication by blocking the IFN antiviral pathway. FINDINGS:We studied the relationship between V protein variants and IFN-α...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-224
更新日期:2011-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is a member of the Flaviviridae family whose genomic organization and mode of cellular entry is similar to that of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The E2 glycoprotein of HPgV-1 is the principle mediator in the virus-cell interaction and as such harbors most of HPgV-1's antigenic determina...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0837-y
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ebola viruses (EBOVs) cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or efficient therapies to combat EBOV infection. Previous studies have shown that both humoral and cellular immune responses are crucial for controlling Ebola infection. CD8+ T cells pl...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-9-111
更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:More than a decade after the outbreak of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) SARS in Guangdong province and Hong Kong SAR of China in 2002, there is still no reoccurrence, but the evolution and recombination of the coronaviruses in this region are still unknown. Therefore, surveillance on the prevalence and the viru...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0896-0
更新日期:2017-11-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infections are widespread in human population and have been associated with severe kidney and brain disorders, respectively. The viruses remain latent primarily in reno-urinary tract, reactivating only in case of a compromised immune system. The seroepi...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0752-2
更新日期:2017-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myxoma virus is a member of the Poxviridae and causes disease in European rabbits. Laboratory confirmation of the clinical disease, which occurs in the autumn of most years in Denmark, has been achieved previously using antigen ELISA and electron microscopy. RESULTS:An unusually large number of clinically s...
journal_title:Virology journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-7
更新日期:2010-01-16 00:00:00