Identification of the feline foamy virus Bet domain essential for APOBEC3 counteraction.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Crocodilians are thought to be hosts to a diverse and divergent complement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) but a comprehensive investigation is yet to be performed. The recent sequencing of three crocodilian genomes provides an opportunity for a more detailed and accurate representation of the ERV diversit...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chong AY,Kojima KK,Jurka J,Ray DA,Smit AF,Isberg SR,Gongora J

更新日期：2014-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Among human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, there is an association between HTLV-1 tax subgroups (subgroup-A or subgroup-B) and the risk of HAM/TSP in the Japanese population. To investigate the role of HTLV-1 subgroups in viral pathogenesis, we studied the functional difference i...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Naito T,Yasunaga JI,Mitobe Y,Shirai K,Sejima H,Ushirogawa H,Tanaka Y,Nakamura T,Hanada K,Fujii M,Matsuoka M,Saito M

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Young GR,Kassiotis G,Stoye JP

更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements with a retroviral origin that are integrated into vertebrate genomes. In felids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), ERVs have been described mostly in the domestic cat, and only rarely in wild species. To gain insight into the origins and evolutionary dynamics ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Mata H,Gongora J,Eizirik E,Alves BM,Soares MA,Ravazzolo AP

更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing is integral to virtually every cellular process including cell cycle progression and response to virus infection. The interplay between RNA silencing and HIV-1 is multifaceted, and accumulating evidence posits a strike-counterstrike interface that alters the cellular e...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hayes AM,Qian S,Yu L,Boris-Lawrie K

更新日期：2011-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Johnson BC,Pauly GT,Rai G,Patel D,Bauman JD,Baker HL,Das K,Schneider JP,Maloney DJ,Arnold E,Thomas CJ,Hughes SH

更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The viral transactivator of HTLV-I, Tax, has long been shown to target the earliest steps of transcription by forming quaternary complexes with sequence specific transcription factors and histone-modifying enzymes in the LTR of HTLV-I. However, a new study suggests that Tax preferentially transactivates the 21-bp repe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： de la Fuente C,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Obr M,Hadravová R,DoleŽal M,KříŽová I,Papoušková V,Zídek L,Hrabal R,Ruml T,Rumlová M

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to characterize the antiviral activity of human TRIM5alpha in more detail human derived indicator cell lines over expressing wild type human TRIM5alpha were generated and challenged with HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses pseudotyped with HIV envelope proteins in comparison to VSV-G pseudotyped particles. HIV envelope p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kaumanns P,Hagmann I,Dittmar MT

更新日期：2006-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While viruses have long been shown to capitalize on their limited genomic size by utilizing both strands of DNA or complementary DNA/RNA intermediates to code for viral proteins, it has been assumed that human retroviruses have all their major proteins translated only from the plus or sense strand of RNA, de...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ludwig LB,Ambrus JL Jr,Krawczyk KA,Sharma S,Brooks S,Hsiao CB,Schwartz SA

更新日期：2006-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Retroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have homologous genomic structures but differ significantly in pathogenicity. HTLV-1 is associated with Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), whereas infection by HTLV-2 has no association with neoplasia. Transformation of T lymphocytes by HTLV-1 is linked to the capacity of its oncopro...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Turci M,Lodewick J,Di Gennaro G,Rinaldi AS,Marin O,Diani E,Sampaio C,Bex F,Bertazzoni U,Romanelli MG

更新日期：2012-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In chickens, as in most birds, female gonad morphogenesis is asymmetrical. Gonads appear first rather similarly, but only the left one undergoes full differentiation and gives rise to a functional ovary. The right gonad, in which the cortex does not develop, remains restricted to the medulla and finally regr...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Carré-Eusèbe D,Coudouel N,Magre S

更新日期：2009-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mid-1990's, researchers hypothesized, based on new viral load data, that HIV-1 causes CD4+ T-cell depletion by direct cytopathic effect. New data from non-human primate studies has raised doubts about this model of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Despite having high levels of viremia, most SIV infections are well tolerated...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Smith SM

更新日期：2006-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) composed by CDK9/CyclinT1 subunits is a dedicated co-factor of HIV transcriptional transactivator Tat protein. Transcription driven by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV involves formation of a quaternary complex between P-TEFb, Tat and the TAR eleme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Fraldi A,Varrone F,Napolitano G,Michels AA,Majello B,Bensaude O,Lania L

更新日期：2005-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of relatively high levels of cellular protein contamination in density-purified virion preparations is a confounding factor in biochemical analyses of HIV and SIV produced from hematopoietic cells. A major source of this contamination is from vesicles, either microvesicles or exosomes, that have similar p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Coren LV,Shatzer T,Ott DE

更新日期：2008-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Certain murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are capable of inducing progressive spongiform motor neuron disease in susceptible mice upon infection of the central nervous system (CNS). The major CNS parenchymal target of these neurovirulent retroviruses (NVs) are the microglia, whose infection is largely coinciden...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dimcheff DE,Volkert LG,Li Y,DeLucia AL,Lynch WP

更新日期：2006-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： De Iaco A,Santoni F,Vannier A,Guipponi M,Antonarakis S,Luban J

更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and -2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in the capsid (CA) domain. Here, we report that a conserved Gag p6 residue, S40, impacts budding media...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Watanabe SM,Chen MH,Khan M,Ehrlich L,Kemal KS,Weiser B,Shi B,Chen C,Powell M,Anastos K,Burger H,Carter CA

更新日期：2013-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with changes in lipid levels, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated these changes in the first 96 weeks of treatment with low-dose stavudine or tenofovir regimens. METHODS:This is a secondary analysis of a doubl...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Vos AG,Chersich MF,Klipstein-Grobusch K,Zuithoff P,Moorhouse MA,Lalla-Edward ST,Kambugu A,Kumarasamy N,Grobbee DE,Barth RE,Venter WD

更新日期：2018-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We have previously reported that CD4 T cells from some exposed uninfected (EU) Vietnamese intravenous drug users are relatively resistant to HIV infection in vitro. Here, we further characterized the restriction of viral replication in CD4 T cells from five EUs and assessed its persistence in serial samples....

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sáez-Cirión A,Versmisse P,Truong LX,Chakrabarti LA,Carpentier W,Barré-Sinoussi F,Scott-Algara D,Pancino G

更新日期：2006-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage play multiple roles during the infection of primate lentiviruses serving as reservoirs for viral production or as vectors for viral spread to other cells and tissues. The human immunodeficiency type I virus is not only capable of establishing such complex and dynamic relations ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Cimarelli A

更新日期：2010-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Accumulating data suggest that immune effector functions mediated through the Fc portion of HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) are a key component of HIV-1 protective immunity, affecting both disease progression and HIV-1 acquisition. Through studying Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) variants known to alter IgG F...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lassaunière R,Musekiwa A,Gray GE,Kuhn L,Tiemessen CT

更新日期：2016-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Friends and colleagues remember John N. Brady, Ph.D., Chief of the Virus Tumor Biology Section of the Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, who died much too young at the age of 57 on April 27, 2009 of colon cancer. John grew up in Illinois and received his Ph.D. with Dr. Richard Consigli at Kansas State University studyin...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pise-Masison CA,Marriott SJ

更新日期：2009-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 and all retroviruses are related to retroelements of simpler organisms such as the yeast Ty elements. Recent work has suggested that the yeast retroelement Ty1 replicates via an unexpected RNA lariat intermediate in cDNA synthesis. The putative genomic RNA lariat intermediate is formed by a 2'-5' phosp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Y,De Leon J,Yokoyama N,Naidu Y,Camerini D

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Tax proteins encoded by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are transcriptional activators of both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via the CREB and NFkB pathways. In contrast to HTLV-1, HTLV-2 has been classified into four distinct genetic subtypes A...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sheehy N,Lillis L,Watters K,Lewis M,Gautier V,Hall W

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Williams R,Mant C,Cason J

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in th...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ishak R,de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak M,Vallinoto ACR

更新日期：2020-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Sidaction's appeal regarding the sentencing of medical personnels in the Libyan-HIV infection cases. ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Fleutelot E

更新日期：2006-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, NK cells belong to the innate immune system and eliminate virus-infected cells through their germline-encoded receptors. However, NK cells were recently reported to possess memory-like functions that were predominantly provided by hepatic NK cells. Memory properties were mainly documented in contact hyp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Littwitz-Salomon E,Nguyen T,Schimmer S,Dittmer U

更新日期：2018-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recognition of microbial products through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiates inflammatory responses orchestrated by innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). As these cells are patrolling mucosal surfaces, a portal of entry for various pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Thibault S,Fromentin R,Tardif MR,Tremblay MJ

更新日期：2009-05-06 00:00:00