The pathogenesis of HIV infection: stupid may not be so dumb after all.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremely bright luciferase protein, to develop an HIV-1 bioluminescent reporter virus that simplifies funct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kirui J,Freed EO

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by antagonizing a host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G). Vif interacts with A3G and induces its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the formation of active ubiquitin ligase (E3) complex with Cullin5-ElonginB...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Izumi T,Takaori-Kondo A,Shirakawa K,Higashitsuji H,Itoh K,Io K,Matsui M,Iwai K,Kondoh H,Sato T,Tomonaga M,Ikeda S,Akari H,Koyanagi Y,Fujita J,Uchiyama T

更新日期：2009-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet, during natural HIV infection, various unintegrated viral DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to an integrated provirus, increasing evidence suggests that transcrip...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sloan RD,Wainberg MA

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A critical step for retroviral replication is the stable integration of the provirus into the genome of its host. The viral integrase protein is key in this essential step of the retroviral life cycle. Although the basic mechanism of integration by mammalian retroviruses has been well characterized, the fact...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Studamire B,Goff SP

更新日期：2008-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a chemotherapy-resistant malignancy with a median survival of less than one year that will afflict between one hundred thousand and one million individuals worldwide who are currently infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Recurrent somatic mutations in hos...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rauch DA,Olson SL,Harding JC,Sundaramoorthi H,Kim Y,Zhou T,MacLeod AR,Challen G,Ratner L

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Extra-cellular roles of Tat might be the main cause of maintenance of HIV-1 infected CD4 T cells or reservoir cells. We developed a synthetic vaccine based on a Tat variant of 101 residues called Tat Oyi, which was identified in HIV infected patients in Africa who did not progress to AIDS. We compared, using...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Watkins JD,Lancelot S,Campbell GR,Esquieu D,de Mareuil J,Opi S,Annappa S,Salles JP,Loret EP

更新日期：2006-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several factors determine the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), such as coinfections in placentas from HIV-1 positive mothers with other pathogens. Chagas' disease is one of the most endemic zoonoses in Latin America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The purpose of the study was to d...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dolcini GL,Solana ME,Andreani G,Celentano AM,Parodi LM,Donato AM,Elissondo N,González Cappa SM,Giavedoni LD,Martínez Peralta L

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, the most commonly used mouse macrophage cell line in medical research, was originally reported to be free of replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) despite its origin in a tumor induced by Abelson MuLV containing Moloney MuLV as helper virus. As currently avail...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hartley JW,Evans LH,Green KY,Naghashfar Z,Macias AR,Zerfas PM,Ward JM

更新日期：2008-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. In order to find a cure that can eradicate the latent reservoir, one must be able to quantify the persisting virus. Traditionally, HIV persistence studies have used real-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rutsaert S,Bosman K,Trypsteen W,Nijhuis M,Vandekerckhove L

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings suggest that mammalian cells can use small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) to regulate physiological viral infections. Here, we comment on several lines of evidence that support this concept. We discuss how viruses may in turn protect, suppress, evade, modulate, or adapt to the host cell's ncRNA regulatory sch...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Yeung ML,Benkirane M,Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are rapidly eliminated in vivo, HIV also infects long-lived cells that persist during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Cells wit...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Anderson EM,Maldarelli F

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Among human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, there is an association between HTLV-1 tax subgroups (subgroup-A or subgroup-B) and the risk of HAM/TSP in the Japanese population. To investigate the role of HTLV-1 subgroups in viral pathogenesis, we studied the functional difference i...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Naito T,Yasunaga JI,Mitobe Y,Shirai K,Sejima H,Ushirogawa H,Tanaka Y,Nakamura T,Hanada K,Fujii M,Matsuoka M,Saito M

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Unlike CD4+ T cells, HIV-1 infected macrophages exhibit extended life span even upon stress, consistent with their in vivo role as long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs. RESULTS:Here, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt inhibitors, including clinically available Miltefosine, dramatically reduced HIV-1 production from long-l...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chugh P,Bradel-Tretheway B,Monteiro-Filho CM,Planelles V,Maggirwar SB,Dewhurst S,Kim B

更新日期：2008-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4⁺ T cells. Memory CD4⁺ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Novis CL,Archin NM,Buzon MJ,Verdin E,Round JL,Lichterfeld M,Margolis DM,Planelles V,Bosque A

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent rese...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Smith RA

更新日期：2010-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Eradication of HIV cannot be achieved with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) because of the persistence of long-lived latently infected resting memory CD4(+) T cells. We previously reported that HIV latency could be established in resting CD4(+) T cells in the presence of the chemokine CCL19. To defi...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Saleh S,Lu HK,Evans V,Harisson D,Zhou J,Jaworowski A,Sallmann G,Cheong KY,Mota TM,Tennakoon S,Angelovich TA,Anderson J,Harman A,Cunningham A,Gray L,Churchill M,Mak J,Drummer H,Vatakis DN,Lewin SR,Cameron PU

更新日期：2016-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In chickens, as in most birds, female gonad morphogenesis is asymmetrical. Gonads appear first rather similarly, but only the left one undergoes full differentiation and gives rise to a functional ovary. The right gonad, in which the cortex does not develop, remains restricted to the medulla and finally regr...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Carré-Eusèbe D,Coudouel N,Magre S

更新日期：2009-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein indirectly influences transcriptional activation, signal transduction, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The function of Tax primarily relies on protein-protein interactions. We have previously shown that Tax upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kehn K,Deng L,de la Fuente C,Strouss K,Wu K,Maddukuri A,Baylor S,Rufner R,Pumfery A,Bottazzi ME,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of relatively high levels of cellular protein contamination in density-purified virion preparations is a confounding factor in biochemical analyses of HIV and SIV produced from hematopoietic cells. A major source of this contamination is from vesicles, either microvesicles or exosomes, that have similar p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Coren LV,Shatzer T,Ott DE

更新日期：2008-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid organ infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It serves as a viral reservoir and host-pathogen interface in infection. This study examined whether different parts of the gut and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contain diffe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Marle G,Church DL,Nunweiler KD,Cannon K,Wainberg MA,Gill MJ

更新日期：2010-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-mediated CD4 depletion is the hallmark of AIDS and is the most reliable predictor of disease progression. While HIV replication is associated with CD4 depletion in general, plasma viremia by itself predicts the rate of CD4 loss only minimally in untreated patients. To resolve this paradox, I hypothesize the existe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wu Y

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein binds as an oligomeric complex to viral RNA mediating nuclear export of incompletely spliced and non-spliced viral mRNAs encoding the viral structural proteins. However, the biological significance of the obligatory complex formation of Rev upon the viral RNA is unclear. RES...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Furnes C,Arnesen T,Askjaer P,Kjems J,Szilvay AM

更新日期：2005-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral protein U (Vpu) is a type 1 membrane-associated accessory protein that is unique to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a subset of related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The Vpu protein encoded by HIV-1 is associated with two primary functions during the viral life cycle. First, it contributes...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dubé M,Bego MG,Paquay C,Cohen ÉA

更新日期：2010-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict viral replication by cytidine deamination of viral DNA genomes and impairing reverse transcription and integration. To escape this restriction, lentiviruses have evolved the viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds A3 proteins and targets them for proteolytic degradation. In...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lukic DS,Hotz-Wagenblatt A,Lei J,Räthe AM,Mühle M,Denner J,Münk C,Löchelt M

更新日期：2013-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wildschutte JH,Ram D,Subramanian R,Stevens VL,Coffin JM

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-indu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Gillet N,Carpentier A,Barez PY,Willems L

更新日期：2012-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with changes in lipid levels, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated these changes in the first 96 weeks of treatment with low-dose stavudine or tenofovir regimens. METHODS:This is a secondary analysis of a doubl...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Vos AG,Chersich MF,Klipstein-Grobusch K,Zuithoff P,Moorhouse MA,Lalla-Edward ST,Kambugu A,Kumarasamy N,Grobbee DE,Barth RE,Venter WD

更新日期：2018-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 capsid influences viral uncoating and nuclear import. Some capsid is detected in the nucleus but it is unclear if it has any function. We reported that the antibiotic Coumermycin-A1 (C-A1) inhibits HIV-1 integration and that a capsid mutation confers resistance to C-A1, suggesting that capsid might aff...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chen NY,Zhou L,Gane PJ,Opp S,Ball NJ,Nicastro G,Zufferey M,Buffone C,Luban J,Selwood D,Diaz-Griffero F,Taylor I,Fassati A

更新日期：2016-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： De Iaco A,Santoni F,Vannier A,Guipponi M,Antonarakis S,Luban J

更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein required for full pathogenicity of the virus. As Nef has no known enzymatic activity, it necessarily functions through protein-protein interaction interfaces. A critical Nef protein interaction interface is centered on its polyproline segment (P69VRPQVPLRP78) which cont...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kuo LS,Baugh LL,Denial SJ,Watkins RL,Liu M,Garcia JV,Foster JL

更新日期：2012-05-31 00:00:00