CD45 immunoaffinity depletion of vesicles from Jurkat T cells demonstrates that exosomes contain CD45: no evidence for a distinct exosome/HIV-1 budding pathway.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a chemotherapy-resistant malignancy with a median survival of less than one year that will afflict between one hundred thousand and one million individuals worldwide who are currently infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Recurrent somatic mutations in hos...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rauch DA,Olson SL,Harding JC,Sundaramoorthi H,Kim Y,Zhou T,MacLeod AR,Challen G,Ratner L

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4⁺ T cells. Memory CD4⁺ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Novis CL,Archin NM,Buzon MJ,Verdin E,Round JL,Lichterfeld M,Margolis DM,Planelles V,Bosque A

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein indirectly influences transcriptional activation, signal transduction, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The function of Tax primarily relies on protein-protein interactions. We have previously shown that Tax upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kehn K,Deng L,de la Fuente C,Strouss K,Wu K,Maddukuri A,Baylor S,Rufner R,Pumfery A,Bottazzi ME,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several factors determine the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), such as coinfections in placentas from HIV-1 positive mothers with other pathogens. Chagas' disease is one of the most endemic zoonoses in Latin America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The purpose of the study was to d...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dolcini GL,Solana ME,Andreani G,Celentano AM,Parodi LM,Donato AM,Elissondo N,González Cappa SM,Giavedoni LD,Martínez Peralta L

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few years after HTLV-1 identification and isolation in humans, STLV-1, its simian counterpart, was discovered. It then became clear that STLV-1 is present almost in all simian species. Subsequent molecular epidemiology studies demonstrated that, apart from HTLV-1 subtype A, all human subtypes have a simian homolog. As...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Jégado B,Kashanchi F,Dutartre H,Mahieux R

更新日期：2019-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recombination is a common feature of retroviral biology and one of the most important factors responsible for generating viral diversity at both the intra-host and the population levels. However, relatively little is known about rates and molecular processes of recombination for retroviruses other than HIV, ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bęczkowski PM,Hughes J,Biek R,Litster A,Willett BJ,Hosie MJ

更新日期：2014-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Platelets are associated with HIV in the blood of infected individuals and might modulate viral dissemination, particularly if the virus is directly transmitted into the bloodstream. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN and the novel HIV attachment factor CLEC-2 are expressed by platelets and facilitate HIV transmissio...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chaipan C,Steffen I,Tsegaye TS,Bertram S,Glowacka I,Kato Y,Schmökel J,Münch J,Simmons G,Gerardy-Schahn R,Pöhlmann S

更新日期：2010-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We reported previously that while prolonged tenofovir monotherapy of macaques infected with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) resulted invariably in the emergence of viral mutants with reduced in vitro drug susceptibility and a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase, some animals controlled virus ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Rompay KK,Trott KA,Jayashankar K,Geng Y,LaBranche CC,Johnson JA,Landucci G,Lipscomb J,Tarara RP,Canfield DR,Heneine W,Forthal DN,Montefiori D,Abel K

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The reliable diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is important, particularly as it can be vertically transmitted by breast feeding mothers to their infants. However, current diagnosis in Japan requires a confirmatory western blot (WB) test after screening/primary testing for HTL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Okuma K,Kuramitsu M,Niwa T,Taniguchi T,Masaki Y,Ueda G,Matsumoto C,Sobata R,Sagara Y,Nakamura H,Satake M,Miura K,Fuchi N,Masuzaki H,Okayama A,Umeki K,Yamano Y,Sato T,Iwanaga M,Uchimaru K,Nakashima M,Utsunomiya A

更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bozek K,Eckhardt M,Sierra S,Anders M,Kaiser R,Kräusslich HG,Müller B,Lengauer T

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV infection results in inhibited cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in macrophages, and this impairment involves Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1). We investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the cholesterol efflux by apoA...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lin S,Nadeau PE,Wang X,Mergia A

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Long term infection with HIV-1, even in the context of therapy, leads to chronic health problems including an array of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The viral Tat protein has previously been implicated in neuropathogenesis through its effect on astrocytes. Tat has also been shown to inhibit the biogenesis of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sardo L,Vakil PR,Elbezanti W,El-Sayed A,Klase Z

更新日期：2016-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremely bright luciferase protein, to develop an HIV-1 bioluminescent reporter virus that simplifies funct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kirui J,Freed EO

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Retroviruses have a diploid genome and recombine at high frequency. Recombinant proviruses can be generated when two genetically different RNA genomes are packaged into the same retroviral particle. It was shown in several studies that recombinant proviruses could be generated in each round of HIV-1 replicat...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kharytonchyk SA,Kireyeva AI,Osipovich AB,Fomin IK

更新日期：2005-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Obr M,Hadravová R,DoleŽal M,KříŽová I,Papoušková V,Zídek L,Hrabal R,Ruml T,Rumlová M

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A key goal for HIV-1 envelope immunogen design is the induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV chall...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sholukh AM,Byrareddy SN,Shanmuganathan V,Hemashettar G,Lakhashe SK,Rasmussen RA,Watkins JD,Vyas HK,Thorat S,Brandstoetter T,Mukhtar MM,Yoon JK,Novembre FJ,Villinger F,Landucci G,Forthal DN,Ratcliffe S,Tuero I,Robert-G

更新日期：2014-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The replication of HBV involves the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from the HBV genome through the repair of virion relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) in the virion. As cccDNA is the transcription template for HBV genomes, it needs to be eliminated from hepatocytes if the eradication of chro...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Suspène R,Thiers V,Vartanian JP,Wain-Hobson S

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was initially identified in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, particularly in the prostatic stromal fibroblasts, of patients homozygous for the RNASEL R462Q mutation. A subsequent study reported XMRV antigens in malignant prostatic epithelium and associ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sakuma T,Hué S,Squillace KA,Tonne JM,Blackburn PR,Ohmine S,Thatava T,Towers GJ,Ikeda Y

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements with a retroviral origin that are integrated into vertebrate genomes. In felids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), ERVs have been described mostly in the domestic cat, and only rarely in wild species. To gain insight into the origins and evolutionary dynamics ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Mata H,Gongora J,Eizirik E,Alves BM,Soares MA,Ravazzolo AP

更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by antagonizing a host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G). Vif interacts with A3G and induces its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the formation of active ubiquitin ligase (E3) complex with Cullin5-ElonginB...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Izumi T,Takaori-Kondo A,Shirakawa K,Higashitsuji H,Itoh K,Io K,Matsui M,Iwai K,Kondoh H,Sato T,Tomonaga M,Ikeda S,Akari H,Koyanagi Y,Fujita J,Uchiyama T

更新日期：2009-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:SAMHD1 is an HIV-1 restriction factor in non-dividing monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and resting CD4+ T-cells. Acting as a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase, SAMHD1 hydrolyzes dNTPs and restricts HIV-1 infection in macrophages and resting CD4+ T-cells by decreasing the i...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： St Gelais C,de Silva S,Amie SM,Coleman CM,Hoy H,Hollenbaugh JA,Kim B,Wu L

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that various inbred SAM mouse strains differ markedly with regard to a variety of parameters, such as capacity for learning and memory, life spans and brain histopathology. A potential cause of differences seen in these strains may be based on the fact that some strains have a high conce...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kim BH,Meeker HC,Shin HY,Kim JI,Jeong BH,Choi EK,Carp RI,Kim YS

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Tax proteins encoded by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are transcriptional activators of both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via the CREB and NFkB pathways. In contrast to HTLV-1, HTLV-2 has been classified into four distinct genetic subtypes A...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sheehy N,Lillis L,Watters K,Lewis M,Gautier V,Hall W

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 90% of all HIV transmissions occur mucosally. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are important components of mucosal fluids. In a vaccine efficacy study, in which virosomes displaying HIV gp41 antigens protected most rhesus monkeys (RMs) against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), protection correla...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Zhou M,Ruprecht RM

更新日期：2014-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Grupping K,Selhorst P,Michiels J,Vereecken K,Heyndrickx L,Kessler P,Vanham G,Martin L,Ariën KK

更新日期：2012-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 replication is critically dependent upon controlled processing of its RNA and the activities provided by its encoded regulatory factors Tat and Rev. A screen of small molecule modulators of RNA processing identified several which inhibited virus gene expression, affecting both relative abundance of spe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Balachandran A,Wong R,Stoilov P,Pan S,Blencowe B,Cheung P,Harrigan PR,Cochrane A

更新日期：2017-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to characterize the antiviral activity of human TRIM5alpha in more detail human derived indicator cell lines over expressing wild type human TRIM5alpha were generated and challenged with HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses pseudotyped with HIV envelope proteins in comparison to VSV-G pseudotyped particles. HIV envelope p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kaumanns P,Hagmann I,Dittmar MT

更新日期：2006-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chemokine receptors (CKRs), the primordial receptors for primate lentiviruses, are sufficient to mediate virus-cell fusion. Several different fusogenic CKRs and related receptors provide a broad potential host cell range, presumably advantageous for viral spread within a given infected individual, and across...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Iyengar S,Schwartz DH

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are rapidly eliminated in vivo, HIV also infects long-lived cells that persist during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Cells wit...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Anderson EM,Maldarelli F

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 entry is a receptor-mediated process directed by the interaction of the viral envelope with the host cell CD4 molecule and one of two co-receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. The amino acid sequence of the third variable (V3) loop of the HIV-1 envelope is highly predictive of co-receptor utilization preference dur...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Antell GC,Dampier W,Aiamkitsumrit B,Nonnemacher MR,Jacobson JM,Pirrone V,Zhong W,Kercher K,Passic S,Williams JW,Schwartz G,Hershberg U,Krebs FC,Wigdahl B

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00