Small non-coding RNAs, mammalian cells, and viruses: regulatory interactions?

abstract：:The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Williams R,Mant C,Cason J

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that CD4(+) T cells play an important role in immunity to infections with retroviruses such as HIV. However, in recent years CD4(+) T cells have been subdivided into several distinct populations that are differentially regulated and perform widely varying functions. Thus, it is important to deli...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Nair S,Bayer W,Ploquin MJ,Kassiotis G,Hasenkrug KJ,Dittmer U

更新日期：2011-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that active selection limits the number of HIV-1 variants acquired by a newly infected individual from the diverse variants circulating in the transmitting partner. We compared HIV-1 envelopes from 9 newly infected subjects and their linked transmitting partner to explore potential m...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pena-Cruz V,Etemad B,Chatziandreou N,Nyein PH,Stock S,Reynolds SJ,Laeyendecker O,Gray RH,Serwadda D,Lee SJ,Quinn TC,Sagar M

更新日期：2013-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Betancor G,Garriga C,Puertas MC,Nevot M,Anta L,Blanco JL,Pérez-Elías MJ,de Mendoza C,Martínez MA,Martinez-Picado J,Menéndez-Arias L,Resistance Platform of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (ResRIS).,Iribarren JA,Caballero E,R

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Young GR,Kassiotis G,Stoye JP

更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： De Iaco A,Santoni F,Vannier A,Guipponi M,Antonarakis S,Luban J

更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Emergence of drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. Whether antiviral immunity can augment ART by suppressing replication of drug-resistant HIV-1 in humans is not well understood, but can b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Metzner KJ,Binley JM,Gettie A,Marx P,Nixon DF,Connor RI

更新日期：2006-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wildschutte JH,Ram D,Subramanian R,Stevens VL,Coffin JM

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Retroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have homologous genomic structures but differ significantly in pathogenicity. HTLV-1 is associated with Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), whereas infection by HTLV-2 has no association with neoplasia. Transformation of T lymphocytes by HTLV-1 is linked to the capacity of its oncopro...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Turci M,Lodewick J,Di Gennaro G,Rinaldi AS,Marin O,Diani E,Sampaio C,Bex F,Bertazzoni U,Romanelli MG

更新日期：2012-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The APOBEC3 (A3) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides an innate barrier to infection by retroviruses including HIV-1. A total of five enzymes, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H, are degraded by the viral accessory protein Vif and expressed at high levels in CD4+ T cells, the primary reservoir for HIV-1 replic...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Anderson BD,Ikeda T,Moghadasi SA,Martin AS,Brown WL,Harris RS

更新日期：2018-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, the most commonly used mouse macrophage cell line in medical research, was originally reported to be free of replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) despite its origin in a tumor induced by Abelson MuLV containing Moloney MuLV as helper virus. As currently avail...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hartley JW,Evans LH,Green KY,Naghashfar Z,Macias AR,Zerfas PM,Ward JM

更新日期：2008-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements with a retroviral origin that are integrated into vertebrate genomes. In felids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), ERVs have been described mostly in the domestic cat, and only rarely in wild species. To gain insight into the origins and evolutionary dynamics ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Mata H,Gongora J,Eizirik E,Alves BM,Soares MA,Ravazzolo AP

更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In chickens, as in most birds, female gonad morphogenesis is asymmetrical. Gonads appear first rather similarly, but only the left one undergoes full differentiation and gives rise to a functional ovary. The right gonad, in which the cortex does not develop, remains restricted to the medulla and finally regr...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Carré-Eusèbe D,Coudouel N,Magre S

更新日期：2009-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Host SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) suppresses reverse transcription kinetics of HIV-1 in nondividing cells such as macrophages by hydrolyzing and nearly depleting cellular dNTPs, which are the substrates of viral reverse transcriptase (RT). However, unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIVsm enco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lenzi GM,Domaoal RA,Kim DH,Schinazi RF,Kim B

更新日期：2014-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Certain murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are capable of inducing progressive spongiform motor neuron disease in susceptible mice upon infection of the central nervous system (CNS). The major CNS parenchymal target of these neurovirulent retroviruses (NVs) are the microglia, whose infection is largely coinciden...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dimcheff DE,Volkert LG,Li Y,DeLucia AL,Lynch WP

更新日期：2006-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid organ infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It serves as a viral reservoir and host-pathogen interface in infection. This study examined whether different parts of the gut and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contain diffe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Marle G,Church DL,Nunweiler KD,Cannon K,Wainberg MA,Gill MJ

更新日期：2010-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The 16th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Retroviruses was held in Montreal, Québec from June 26th to June 30th, 2013 and was therefore hosted by a Canadian city for the first time. The major topic of the meeting was human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) and was covered through distinct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Barbeau B,Hiscott J,Bazarbachi A,Carvalho E,Jones K,Martin F,Matsuoka M,Murphy EL,Ratner L,Switzer WM,Watanabe T

更新日期：2014-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mid-1990's, researchers hypothesized, based on new viral load data, that HIV-1 causes CD4+ T-cell depletion by direct cytopathic effect. New data from non-human primate studies has raised doubts about this model of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Despite having high levels of viremia, most SIV infections are well tolerated...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Smith SM

更新日期：2006-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the virus targets activated CD4+ T cells by utilising CD134 (OX40) as a primary attachment receptor and CXCR4 as a co-receptor. The nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as GL8 and CPGammer reco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Willett BJ,Kraase M,Logan N,McMonagle EL,Samman A,Hosie MJ

更新日期：2010-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bernier A,Cleret-Buhot A,Zhang Y,Goulet JP,Monteiro P,Gosselin A,DaFonseca S,Wacleche VS,Jenabian MA,Routy JP,Tremblay C,Ancuta P

更新日期：2013-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Tax proteins encoded by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are transcriptional activators of both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via the CREB and NFkB pathways. In contrast to HTLV-1, HTLV-2 has been classified into four distinct genetic subtypes A...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sheehy N,Lillis L,Watters K,Lewis M,Gautier V,Hall W

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein indirectly influences transcriptional activation, signal transduction, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The function of Tax primarily relies on protein-protein interactions. We have previously shown that Tax upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint p...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kehn K,Deng L,de la Fuente C,Strouss K,Wu K,Maddukuri A,Baylor S,Rufner R,Pumfery A,Bottazzi ME,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recognition of microbial products through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiates inflammatory responses orchestrated by innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). As these cells are patrolling mucosal surfaces, a portal of entry for various pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Thibault S,Fromentin R,Tardif MR,Tremblay MJ

更新日期：2009-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This editorial comments on selected progress made in combating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) after 26 years and some of the remaining challenges. ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Interferon induced transmembrane proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IFITMs) belong to a family of highly related antiviral factors that have been shown to interfere with a large spectrum of viruses including Filoviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza virus, Dengue virus and HIV-1. In all these cases, the reported mechanism of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Tartour K,Appourchaux R,Gaillard J,Nguyen XN,Durand S,Turpin J,Beaumont E,Roch E,Berger G,Mahieux R,Brand D,Roingeard P,Cimarelli A

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:This editorial represents a plea to retrovirologists to attend the XVI International Conference on AIDS that will take place in Toronto, Canada between August 13-18, 2006. In short, it is vital that politicians and opinion leaders understand that basic scientists are no less committed to the worldwide battle against H...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wainberg MA

更新日期：2006-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, scientists and suppliers have refered to AMV-RT as the reverse transcriptase produced by the Avian Myelobalstosis Virus. This manuscript briefly reviews the molecular basis for biological dependence of AMV for the envelope and RT proteins that are produced by its natural helper the Myeloblastosis Assoc...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Perbal B

更新日期：2008-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of safe and effective combination antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past several decades has significantly reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have provided an effective means of protection against HIV trans...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Agarwal Y,Beatty C,Biradar S,Castronova I,Ho S,Melody K,Bility MT

更新日期：2020-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the gut, and the impact of microbial exposure on T cell loss, remain unclear. Understanding mucosal HIV...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Steele AK,Lee EJ,Manuzak JA,Dillon SM,Beckham JD,McCarter MD,Santiago ML,Wilson CC

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Crocodilians are thought to be hosts to a diverse and divergent complement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) but a comprehensive investigation is yet to be performed. The recent sequencing of three crocodilian genomes provides an opportunity for a more detailed and accurate representation of the ERV diversit...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Chong AY,Kojima KK,Jurka J,Ray DA,Smit AF,Isberg SR,Gongora J

更新日期：2014-12-12 00:00:00