Inhibition of Tat activity by the HEXIM1 protein.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Interferon induced transmembrane proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IFITMs) belong to a family of highly related antiviral factors that have been shown to interfere with a large spectrum of viruses including Filoviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza virus, Dengue virus and HIV-1. In all these cases, the reported mechanism of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Tartour K,Appourchaux R,Gaillard J,Nguyen XN,Durand S,Turpin J,Beaumont E,Roch E,Berger G,Mahieux R,Brand D,Roingeard P,Cimarelli A

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-mediated CD4 depletion is the hallmark of AIDS and is the most reliable predictor of disease progression. While HIV replication is associated with CD4 depletion in general, plasma viremia by itself predicts the rate of CD4 loss only minimally in untreated patients. To resolve this paradox, I hypothesize the existe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wu Y

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, scientists and suppliers have refered to AMV-RT as the reverse transcriptase produced by the Avian Myelobalstosis Virus. This manuscript briefly reviews the molecular basis for biological dependence of AMV for the envelope and RT proteins that are produced by its natural helper the Myeloblastosis Assoc...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Perbal B

更新日期：2008-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Auld SC,Staitieh BS

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Obr M,Hadravová R,DoleŽal M,KříŽová I,Papoušková V,Zídek L,Hrabal R,Ruml T,Rumlová M

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in th...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ishak R,de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak M,Vallinoto ACR

更新日期：2020-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, the most commonly used mouse macrophage cell line in medical research, was originally reported to be free of replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) despite its origin in a tumor induced by Abelson MuLV containing Moloney MuLV as helper virus. As currently avail...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hartley JW,Evans LH,Green KY,Naghashfar Z,Macias AR,Zerfas PM,Ward JM

更新日期：2008-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The widespread use of highly effective, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Despite these advances, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) has been estimated at approximately 40%-50%. In t...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Evering TH,Kamau E,St Bernard L,Farmer CB,Kong XP,Markowitz M

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Vif interacts with the cellular core-binding factor β (CBFβ) and counteracts the protective roles of certain human APOBEC3 (A3) proteins by targeting them for proteasomal degradation. Previous studies have identified some amino acids important for Vif-CBFβ interactions, and recently a co-crystal struct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Desimmie BA,Smith JL,Matsuo H,Hu WS,Pathak VK

更新日期：2017-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Efficient targeted gene transfer and cell type specific transgene expression are important for the safe and effective expression of transgenes in vivo. Enveloped viral vectors allow insertion of exogenous membrane proteins into their envelopes, which could potentially aid in the targeted transduction of spec...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Z,Harmison GG,Ragheb JA,Schubert M

更新日期：2005-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Long term infection with HIV-1, even in the context of therapy, leads to chronic health problems including an array of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The viral Tat protein has previously been implicated in neuropathogenesis through its effect on astrocytes. Tat has also been shown to inhibit the biogenesis of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sardo L,Vakil PR,Elbezanti W,El-Sayed A,Klase Z

更新日期：2016-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet, during natural HIV infection, various unintegrated viral DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to an integrated provirus, increasing evidence suggests that transcrip...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sloan RD,Wainberg MA

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Grupping K,Selhorst P,Michiels J,Vereecken K,Heyndrickx L,Kessler P,Vanham G,Martin L,Ariën KK

更新日期：2012-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing is integral to virtually every cellular process including cell cycle progression and response to virus infection. The interplay between RNA silencing and HIV-1 is multifaceted, and accumulating evidence posits a strike-counterstrike interface that alters the cellular e...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Hayes AM,Qian S,Yu L,Boris-Lawrie K

更新日期：2011-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 infects a wide range of CD4+ T cells with different phenotypic properties and differing expression levels of entry coreceptors. We sought to determine the viral tropism of subtype C (C-HIV) Envelope (Env) clones for different CD4+ T cell subsets and whether tropism changes during acute to chronic disea...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Gartner MJ,Gorry PR,Tumpach C,Zhou J,Dantanarayana A,Chang JJ,Angelovich TA,Ellenberg P,Laumaea AE,Nonyane M,Moore PL,Lewin SR,Churchill MJ,Flynn JK,Roche M

更新日期：2020-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mammalian cells harbour RNA quality control and degradative machineries such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay that target cellular mRNAs for clearance from the cell to avoid aberrant gene expression. The role of the host mRNA decay pathways in macrophages in the context of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rao S,Amorim R,Niu M,Breton Y,Tremblay MJ,Mouland AJ

更新日期：2019-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings suggest that mammalian cells can use small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) to regulate physiological viral infections. Here, we comment on several lines of evidence that support this concept. We discuss how viruses may in turn protect, suppress, evade, modulate, or adapt to the host cell's ncRNA regulatory sch...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Yeung ML,Benkirane M,Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The N-heptad repeat region of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Envelope protein is a trimerization domain that forms part of a "six helix bundle" crucial to Envelope-mediated membrane fusion. N-heptad repeat peptides have been used as extracellular reagents to inhibit virus fusion. RESULTS:When expressed intracellul...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ou W,Silver J

更新日期：2005-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 typically develops resistance to any single antiretroviral agent. Combined anti-retroviral therapy to reduce drug-resistance development is necessary to control HIV-1 infection. Here, to assess the utility of a combination of antibody and fusion inhibitor treatments, we investigated the potency of mono...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Alam M,Kuwata T,Shimura K,Yokoyama M,Ramirez Valdez KP,Tanaka K,Maruta Y,Oishi S,Fujii N,Sato H,Matsuoka M,Matsushita S

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient retroviral infections, constitute approximately 8% of human genomic DNA. Since HERV-K Gag expression is induced by HIV-1 Tat in T cells, induced HERV-K proteins could affect HIV-1 replication. Indeed, previously we showed that HERV-K Gag and HIV-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Monde K,Terasawa H,Nakano Y,Soheilian F,Nagashima K,Maeda Y,Ono A

更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid organ infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It serves as a viral reservoir and host-pathogen interface in infection. This study examined whether different parts of the gut and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contain diffe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Marle G,Church DL,Nunweiler KD,Cannon K,Wainberg MA,Gill MJ

更新日期：2010-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:This editorial comments on selected progress made in combating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) after 26 years and some of the remaining challenges. ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Betancor G,Garriga C,Puertas MC,Nevot M,Anta L,Blanco JL,Pérez-Elías MJ,de Mendoza C,Martínez MA,Martinez-Picado J,Menéndez-Arias L,Resistance Platform of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (ResRIS).,Iribarren JA,Caballero E,R

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Johnson BC,Pauly GT,Rai G,Patel D,Bauman JD,Baker HL,Das K,Schneider JP,Maloney DJ,Arnold E,Thomas CJ,Hughes SH

更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4⁺ T cells. Memory CD4⁺ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TL...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Novis CL,Archin NM,Buzon MJ,Verdin E,Round JL,Lichterfeld M,Margolis DM,Planelles V,Bosque A

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:One facet of the complexity underlying the biology of HIV-1 resides not only in its limited number of viral proteins, but in the extensive repertoire of cellular proteins they interact with and their higher-order assembly. HIV-1 encodes the regulatory protein Tat (86-101aa), which is essential for HIV-1 repl...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Gautier VW,Gu L,O'Donoghue N,Pennington S,Sheehy N,Hall WW

更新日期：2009-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The development of anaemia in feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-infected cats is associated with the emergence of a novel viral subgroup, FeLV-C. FeLV-C arises from the subgroup that is transmitted, FeLV-A, through alterations in the amino acid sequence of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the envelope glycop...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Stewart H,Adema KW,McMonagle EL,Hosie MJ,Willett BJ

更新日期：2012-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Young GR,Kassiotis G,Stoye JP

更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) carries a dismal prognosis due to chemo-resistance and immuno-compromised micro-environment. The combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha (IFN) significantly improved survival in ATL. Promising results were reported by adding arsenic trioxide to zi...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kchour G,Rezaee R,Farid R,Ghantous A,Rafatpanah H,Tarhini M,Kooshyar MM,El Hajj H,Berry F,Mortada M,Nasser R,Shirdel A,Dassouki Z,Ezzedine M,Rahimi H,Ghavamzadeh A,de Thé H,Hermine O,Mahmoudi M,Bazarbachi A

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We and others have recently demonstrated that the human retrovirus HTLV-I was producing a spliced antisense transcript, which led to the synthesis of the HBZ protein. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of antisense transcription in HIV-1 and to provide a better characterizati...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Landry S,Halin M,Lefort S,Audet B,Vaquero C,Mesnard JM,Barbeau B

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00