Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Long term infection with HIV-1, even in the context of therapy, leads to chronic health problems including an array of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The viral Tat protein has previously been implicated in neuropathogenesis through its effect on astrocytes. Tat has also been shown to inhibit the biogenesis of miRNAs by inhibiting the activity of the cellular Dicer protein in an RNA dependent fashion. Whether there is a mechanistic connection between the ability of HIV-1 Tat to alter miRNAs and its observed effects on cells of the central nervous system has not been well examined. RESULTS:Here, we examined the ability of HIV-1 Tat to bind to and inhibit the production of over 300 cellular miRNAs. We found that the Tat protein only binds to and inhibits a fraction of the total cellular miRNAs. By mapping the downstream targets of these miRNAs we have determined a possible role for Tat alterations of miRNAs in the development of neuropathogenesis. Specifically, this work points to suppression of miRNAs function as the mechanism for Tat suppression of β-catenin activity. CONCLUSIONS:The discovery that HIV-1 Tat inhibits only a fraction of miRNAs opens new areas of research regarding changes in cellular pathways through suppression of RNA interference. Our initial analysis strongly suggests that these pathways may contribute to HIV-1 disruption of the central nervous system.
journal_name
Retrovirologyjournal_title
Retrovirologyauthors
Sardo L,Vakil PR,Elbezanti W,El-Sayed A,Klase Zdoi
10.1186/s12977-016-0256-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-08 00:00:00pages
25issn
1742-4690pii
10.1186/s12977-016-0256-yjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Retrovirology文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombination is a common feature of retroviral biology and one of the most important factors responsible for generating viral diversity at both the intra-host and the population levels. However, relatively little is known about rates and molecular processes of recombination for retroviruses other than HIV, ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0080-1
更新日期:2014-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-indu...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-115
更新日期:2012-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility to HIV-1 and the clinical course after infection show a substantial heterogeneity between individuals. Part of this variability can be attributed to host genetic variation. Initial candidate gene studies have revealed interesting host factors that influence HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis. R...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-70
更新日期:2012-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While viruses have long been shown to capitalize on their limited genomic size by utilizing both strands of DNA or complementary DNA/RNA intermediates to code for viral proteins, it has been assumed that human retroviruses have all their major proteins translated only from the plus or sense strand of RNA, de...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-80
更新日期:2006-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cellular infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) both in vitro and in vivo requires a member of the chemokine receptor family to act as a co-receptor for viral entry. However, it is presently unclear to what extent the interaction of HIV proteins with chemokine receptors generates intracellular sig...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-23
更新日期:2005-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Combination anti-viral therapies have reduced treatment failure rates by requiring multiple specific mutations to be selected on the same viral genome to impart high-level drug resistance. To determine if the common protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M is only selected once or repeatedly on different ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-7
更新日期:2008-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 integration results in genomic DNA gaps that are repaired by cellular DNA repair pathways. This step of the lentiviral life cycle remains poorly understood despite its crucial importance for successful replication. We and others reported that Ku70 protein of the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0492-z
更新日期:2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict viral replication by cytidine deamination of viral DNA genomes and impairing reverse transcription and integration. To escape this restriction, lentiviruses have evolved the viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds A3 proteins and targets them for proteolytic degradation. In...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-76
更新日期:2013-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The foamy viral genome encodes four central purine-rich elements localized in the integrase-coding region of pol. Previously, we have shown that the first two of these RNA elements (A and B) are required for protease dimerization and activation. The D element functions as internal polypurine tract during rev...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0337-6
更新日期:2017-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent rese...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-112
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-160
更新日期:2013-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::We have obtained the 1.7 A crystal structure of FIV protease (PR) in which 12 critical residues around the active site have been substituted with the structurally equivalent residues of HIV PR (12X FIV PR). The chimeric PR was crystallized in complex with the broad-based inhibitor TL-3, which inhibits wild type FIV an...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-1
更新日期:2007-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to limit anti-viral immunity during chronic retroviral infection and to restrict vaccine-induced T cell responses. The objective of the study was to assess whether a combinational therapy of nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccination and concomitant transient ablati...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0258-9
更新日期:2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are rapidly eliminated in vivo, HIV also infects long-lived cells that persist during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Cells wit...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0448-8
更新日期:2018-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet, during natural HIV infection, various unintegrated viral DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to an integrated provirus, increasing evidence suggests that transcrip...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-8-52
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patie...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-36
更新日期:2013-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that active selection limits the number of HIV-1 variants acquired by a newly infected individual from the diverse variants circulating in the transmitting partner. We compared HIV-1 envelopes from 9 newly infected subjects and their linked transmitting partner to explore potential m...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-162
更新日期:2013-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of the most appropriate marker to measure reservoir size has been a great challenge for the HIV field. Quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA), the reference standard to quantify the amount of replication-competent virus, has several limitations, as it is laborious, expensive, and unable to robust...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0396-3
更新日期:2018-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reducing transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk is needed to help decrease the burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in society. We have previously reported that alkyl sulfates (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, are biodegradable, have little/no toxicity and a...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-28
更新日期:2005-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The glycan supersite centered on N332 in the V3 base of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) such as PGT121 and PGT128. In this study, we examined the basis of resistance of HIV-1 clade C Envs obtained from broadly cross neutralizing (BCN) plasma of an Indian donor with N332...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0297-2
更新日期:2016-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Platelets are associated with HIV in the blood of infected individuals and might modulate viral dissemination, particularly if the virus is directly transmitted into the bloodstream. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN and the novel HIV attachment factor CLEC-2 are expressed by platelets and facilitate HIV transmissio...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-47
更新日期:2010-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficient targeted gene transfer and cell type specific transgene expression are important for the safe and effective expression of transgenes in vivo. Enveloped viral vectors allow insertion of exogenous membrane proteins into their envelopes, which could potentially aid in the targeted transduction of spec...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-80
更新日期:2005-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-98
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 infects a wide range of CD4+ T cells with different phenotypic properties and differing expression levels of entry coreceptors. We sought to determine the viral tropism of subtype C (C-HIV) Envelope (Env) clones for different CD4+ T cell subsets and whether tropism changes during acute to chronic disea...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-020-00532-2
更新日期:2020-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Gag proteins are essential for virion assembly and viral replication in newly infected cells. Gag proteins are also strong determinants of viral infectivity; immune escape mutations in the Gag capsid (CA) protein can markedly reduce viral fitness, and interactions of CA with host proteins such as cyclo...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-21
更新日期:2009-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, the most commonly used mouse macrophage cell line in medical research, was originally reported to be free of replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) despite its origin in a tumor induced by Abelson MuLV containing Moloney MuLV as helper virus. As currently avail...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-1
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-60
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs are a recently discovered class of small noncoding functional RNAs. These molecules mediate post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in a sequence specific manner. MicroRNAs are now known to be key players in a variety of biological processes and have been shown to be deregulated in a number of can...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-82
更新日期:2007-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::In HIV-infected people, resting CD4+ T cells are the main reservoir of latent virus and the reason for the failure of drug therapy to cure HIV infection. Still, we do not have a complete understanding of the factors regulating HIV replication in these cells. A recent paper in Cell describes a new trick that the virus ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-85
更新日期:2008-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Sidaction's appeal regarding the sentencing of medical personnels in the Libyan-HIV infection cases. ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-98
更新日期:2006-12-27 00:00:00