Evidence for preferential copackaging of Moloney murine leukemia virus genomic RNAs transcribed in the same chromosomal site.

abstract：:With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Young GR,Kassiotis G,Stoye JP

更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 entry is a receptor-mediated process directed by the interaction of the viral envelope with the host cell CD4 molecule and one of two co-receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. The amino acid sequence of the third variable (V3) loop of the HIV-1 envelope is highly predictive of co-receptor utilization preference dur...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Antell GC,Dampier W,Aiamkitsumrit B,Nonnemacher MR,Jacobson JM,Pirrone V,Zhong W,Kercher K,Passic S,Williams JW,Schwartz G,Hershberg U,Krebs FC,Wigdahl B

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that active selection limits the number of HIV-1 variants acquired by a newly infected individual from the diverse variants circulating in the transmitting partner. We compared HIV-1 envelopes from 9 newly infected subjects and their linked transmitting partner to explore potential m...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pena-Cruz V,Etemad B,Chatziandreou N,Nyein PH,Stock S,Reynolds SJ,Laeyendecker O,Gray RH,Serwadda D,Lee SJ,Quinn TC,Sagar M

更新日期：2013-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The viral transactivator of HTLV-I, Tax, has long been shown to target the earliest steps of transcription by forming quaternary complexes with sequence specific transcription factors and histone-modifying enzymes in the LTR of HTLV-I. However, a new study suggests that Tax preferentially transactivates the 21-bp repe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： de la Fuente C,Kashanchi F

更新日期：2004-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) carries a dismal prognosis due to chemo-resistance and immuno-compromised micro-environment. The combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha (IFN) significantly improved survival in ATL. Promising results were reported by adding arsenic trioxide to zi...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kchour G,Rezaee R,Farid R,Ghantous A,Rafatpanah H,Tarhini M,Kooshyar MM,El Hajj H,Berry F,Mortada M,Nasser R,Shirdel A,Dassouki Z,Ezzedine M,Rahimi H,Ghavamzadeh A,de Thé H,Hermine O,Mahmoudi M,Bazarbachi A

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that CD4(+) T cells play an important role in immunity to infections with retroviruses such as HIV. However, in recent years CD4(+) T cells have been subdivided into several distinct populations that are differentially regulated and perform widely varying functions. Thus, it is important to deli...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Nair S,Bayer W,Ploquin MJ,Kassiotis G,Hasenkrug KJ,Dittmer U

更新日期：2011-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Williams R,Mant C,Cason J

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reverse transcription (RT) of HIV and SIV is initiated by the binding of the acceptor stem of tRNALys3 to the primer binding site (PBS) of the viral RNA genome. Previous studies have suggested that this tRNALys3 is not the only molecule capable of priming reverse transcription, and that at least one other ly...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Fennessey CM,Camus C,Immonen TT,Reid C,Maldarelli F,Lifson JD,Keele BF

更新日期：2019-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:It has been shown that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adherence to treatment of patients with several chronic diseases. However, there is a controversy regarding the impact of SES on adherence among patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syn...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Falagas ME,Zarkadoulia EA,Pliatsika PA,Panos G

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was initially identified in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, particularly in the prostatic stromal fibroblasts, of patients homozygous for the RNASEL R462Q mutation. A subsequent study reported XMRV antigens in malignant prostatic epithelium and associ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Sakuma T,Hué S,Squillace KA,Tonne JM,Blackburn PR,Ohmine S,Thatava T,Towers GJ,Ikeda Y

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wildschutte JH,Ram D,Subramanian R,Stevens VL,Coffin JM

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of safe and effective combination antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past several decades has significantly reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have provided an effective means of protection against HIV trans...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Agarwal Y,Beatty C,Biradar S,Castronova I,Ho S,Melody K,Bility MT

更新日期：2020-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In HIV-infected people, resting CD4+ T cells are the main reservoir of latent virus and the reason for the failure of drug therapy to cure HIV infection. Still, we do not have a complete understanding of the factors regulating HIV replication in these cells. A recent paper in Cell describes a new trick that the virus ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bukrinsky M

更新日期：2008-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Existing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively controls viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals but cannot completely eradicate the infection, at least in part due to the persistence of latently infected cells. One strategy that is being active...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Miller LK,Kobayashi Y,Chen CC,Russnak TA,Ron Y,Dougherty JP

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV viruses encode a set of accessory proteins, which are important determinants of virulence due to their ability to manipulate the host cell physiology for the benefit of the virus. Although these viral proteins are dispensable for viral growth in many in vitro cell culture systems, they influence the efficiency of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ayinde D,Maudet C,Transy C,Margottin-Goguet F

更新日期：2010-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The widespread use of highly effective, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Despite these advances, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) has been estimated at approximately 40%-50%. In t...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Evering TH,Kamau E,St Bernard L,Farmer CB,Kong XP,Markowitz M

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses a host tRNALys,3 as the primer for reverse transcription. The tRNALys,3 is bound to a region on the HIV-1 genome, the primer-binding site (PBS), that is complementary to the 18 terminal nucleotides of tRNALys,3. How HIV-1 selects the tRNA from the intracellular m...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Moore-Rigdon KL,Kosloff BR,Kirkman RL,Morrow CD

更新日期：2005-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings suggest that mammalian cells can use small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) to regulate physiological viral infections. Here, we comment on several lines of evidence that support this concept. We discuss how viruses may in turn protect, suppress, evade, modulate, or adapt to the host cell's ncRNA regulatory sch...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Yeung ML,Benkirane M,Jeang KT

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 and all retroviruses are related to retroelements of simpler organisms such as the yeast Ty elements. Recent work has suggested that the yeast retroelement Ty1 replicates via an unexpected RNA lariat intermediate in cDNA synthesis. The putative genomic RNA lariat intermediate is formed by a 2'-5' phosp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Y,De Leon J,Yokoyama N,Naidu Y,Camerini D

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Accumulating data suggest that immune effector functions mediated through the Fc portion of HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) are a key component of HIV-1 protective immunity, affecting both disease progression and HIV-1 acquisition. Through studying Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) variants known to alter IgG F...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lassaunière R,Musekiwa A,Gray GE,Kuhn L,Tiemessen CT

更新日期：2016-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:How best to evaluate scientists within a peer group is a difficult task. This editorial discusses the use of the H-index and total citations. It also raises the consideration of a mentoring-index and the value of understanding the frequency that a published paper is accessed by readers. ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Jeang KT

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A critical step for retroviral replication is the stable integration of the provirus into the genome of its host. The viral integrase protein is key in this essential step of the retroviral life cycle. Although the basic mechanism of integration by mammalian retroviruses has been well characterized, the fact...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Studamire B,Goff SP

更新日期：2008-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The APOBEC3 (A3) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides an innate barrier to infection by retroviruses including HIV-1. A total of five enzymes, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H, are degraded by the viral accessory protein Vif and expressed at high levels in CD4+ T cells, the primary reservoir for HIV-1 replic...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Anderson BD,Ikeda T,Moghadasi SA,Martin AS,Brown WL,Harris RS

更新日期：2018-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The 18 residue tail abutting the SH3 fold that comprises the heart of the C-terminal domain is the only part of HIV-1 integrase yet to be visualized by structural biology. To ascertain the role of the tail region in integrase function and HIV-1 replication, a set of deletion mutants that successively lacked ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Dar MJ,Monel B,Krishnan L,Shun MC,Di Nunzio F,Helland DE,Engelman A

更新日期：2009-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mutations in the substrate of HIV-1 protease, especially changes in the NC/p1 cleavage site, can directly contribute to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance and also compensate for defects in viral replicative capacity (RC) due to a drug resistant protease. These NC/p1 changes are known to enhance processing o...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Maarseveen NM,Andersson D,Lepšík M,Fun A,Schipper PJ,de Jong D,Boucher CA,Nijhuis M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We reported previously that while prolonged tenofovir monotherapy of macaques infected with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) resulted invariably in the emergence of viral mutants with reduced in vitro drug susceptibility and a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase, some animals controlled virus ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Rompay KK,Trott KA,Jayashankar K,Geng Y,LaBranche CC,Johnson JA,Landucci G,Lipscomb J,Tarara RP,Canfield DR,Heneine W,Forthal DN,Montefiori D,Abel K

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to limit anti-viral immunity during chronic retroviral infection and to restrict vaccine-induced T cell responses. The objective of the study was to assess whether a combinational therapy of nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccination and concomitant transient ablati...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Knuschke T,Rotan O,Bayer W,Sokolova V,Hansen W,Sparwasser T,Dittmer U,Epple M,Buer J,Westendorf AM

更新日期：2016-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV associated myelopathy/ Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), in around 2-5% of the infected individuals. Host genetic background might play a role in disease progression. Several previ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Benencio P,Fraile Gonzalez SA,Ducasa N,Page K,Berini CA,Biglione MM

更新日期：2020-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bozek K,Eckhardt M,Sierra S,Anders M,Kaiser R,Kräusslich HG,Müller B,Lengauer T

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremely bright luciferase protein, to develop an HIV-1 bioluminescent reporter virus that simplifies funct...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Kirui J,Freed EO

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00