Socioeconomic status (SES) as a determinant of adherence to treatment in HIV infected patients: a systematic review of the literature.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Eradication of HIV cannot be achieved with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) because of the persistence of long-lived latently infected resting memory CD4(+) T cells. We previously reported that HIV latency could be established in resting CD4(+) T cells in the presence of the chemokine CCL19. To defi...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Saleh S,Lu HK,Evans V,Harisson D,Zhou J,Jaworowski A,Sallmann G,Cheong KY,Mota TM,Tennakoon S,Angelovich TA,Anderson J,Harman A,Cunningham A,Gray L,Churchill M,Mak J,Drummer H,Vatakis DN,Lewin SR,Cameron PU

更新日期：2016-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of safe and effective combination antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past several decades has significantly reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have provided an effective means of protection against HIV trans...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Agarwal Y,Beatty C,Biradar S,Castronova I,Ho S,Melody K,Bility MT

更新日期：2020-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient retroviral infections, constitute approximately 8% of human genomic DNA. Since HERV-K Gag expression is induced by HIV-1 Tat in T cells, induced HERV-K proteins could affect HIV-1 replication. Indeed, previously we showed that HERV-K Gag and HIV-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Monde K,Terasawa H,Nakano Y,Soheilian F,Nagashima K,Maeda Y,Ono A

更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviral genomes and is important for high viral loads and progression to AIDS in human or experimental macaque hosts of HIV or SIV, respectively. In these hosts, infection of the thymus results in a decreased output of naive T cells that may contribute to the developme...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Nuffel A,Ariën KK,Stove V,Schindler M,O'Neill E,Schmökel J,Van de Walle I,Naessens E,Vanderstraeten H,Van Landeghem K,Taghon T,Pulkkinen K,Saksela K,Garcia JV,Fackler OT,Kirchhoff F,Verhasselt B

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We reported previously that while prolonged tenofovir monotherapy of macaques infected with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) resulted invariably in the emergence of viral mutants with reduced in vitro drug susceptibility and a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase, some animals controlled virus ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Van Rompay KK,Trott KA,Jayashankar K,Geng Y,LaBranche CC,Johnson JA,Landucci G,Lipscomb J,Tarara RP,Canfield DR,Heneine W,Forthal DN,Montefiori D,Abel K

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Upon HIV entry into target cells, viral cores are released and rearranged into reverse transcription complexes (RTCs), which support reverse transcription and also protect and transport viral cDNA to the site of integration. RTCs are composed of viral and cellular proteins that originate from both target and...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Santos S,Obukhov Y,Nekhai S,Bukrinsky M,Iordanskiy S

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Johnson BC,Pauly GT,Rai G,Patel D,Bauman JD,Baker HL,Das K,Schneider JP,Maloney DJ,Arnold E,Thomas CJ,Hughes SH

更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mammalian cells harbour RNA quality control and degradative machineries such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay that target cellular mRNAs for clearance from the cell to avoid aberrant gene expression. The role of the host mRNA decay pathways in macrophages in the context of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rao S,Amorim R,Niu M,Breton Y,Tremblay MJ,Mouland AJ

更新日期：2019-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Among human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, there is an association between HTLV-1 tax subgroups (subgroup-A or subgroup-B) and the risk of HAM/TSP in the Japanese population. To investigate the role of HTLV-1 subgroups in viral pathogenesis, we studied the functional difference i...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Naito T,Yasunaga JI,Mitobe Y,Shirai K,Sejima H,Ushirogawa H,Tanaka Y,Nakamura T,Hanada K,Fujii M,Matsuoka M,Saito M

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of the most appropriate marker to measure reservoir size has been a great challenge for the HIV field. Quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA), the reference standard to quantify the amount of replication-competent virus, has several limitations, as it is laborious, expensive, and unable to robust...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Pinzone MR,O'Doherty U

更新日期：2018-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The King's College London (KCL) Infectious Diseases BioBank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (PVB) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PVBs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and DNA and are then frozen. All donations are from subjects who h...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Williams R,Mant C,Cason J

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Interferon induced transmembrane proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IFITMs) belong to a family of highly related antiviral factors that have been shown to interfere with a large spectrum of viruses including Filoviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza virus, Dengue virus and HIV-1. In all these cases, the reported mechanism of ...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Tartour K,Appourchaux R,Gaillard J,Nguyen XN,Durand S,Turpin J,Beaumont E,Roch E,Berger G,Mahieux R,Brand D,Roingeard P,Cimarelli A

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bozek K,Eckhardt M,Sierra S,Anders M,Kaiser R,Kräusslich HG,Müller B,Lengauer T

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While viruses have long been shown to capitalize on their limited genomic size by utilizing both strands of DNA or complementary DNA/RNA intermediates to code for viral proteins, it has been assumed that human retroviruses have all their major proteins translated only from the plus or sense strand of RNA, de...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ludwig LB,Ambrus JL Jr,Krawczyk KA,Sharma S,Brooks S,Hsiao CB,Schwartz SA

更新日期：2006-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Bernier A,Cleret-Buhot A,Zhang Y,Goulet JP,Monteiro P,Gosselin A,DaFonseca S,Wacleche VS,Jenabian MA,Routy JP,Tremblay C,Ancuta P

更新日期：2013-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We and others have recently demonstrated that the human retrovirus HTLV-I was producing a spliced antisense transcript, which led to the synthesis of the HBZ protein. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of antisense transcription in HIV-1 and to provide a better characterizati...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Landry S,Halin M,Lefort S,Audet B,Vaquero C,Mesnard JM,Barbeau B

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Elderly HIV-1 infected individuals progress to AIDS more frequently and rapidly than people becoming infected at a young age. To identify possible reasons for these differences in clinical progression, we performed comprehensive phenotypic analyses of CD4+ T cells from uninfected young and elderly individual...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Heigele A,Joas S,Regensburger K,Kirchhoff F

更新日期：2015-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid organ infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It serves as a viral reservoir and host-pathogen interface in infection. This study examined whether different parts of the gut and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contain diffe...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Marle G,Church DL,Nunweiler KD,Cannon K,Wainberg MA,Gill MJ

更新日期：2010-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict viral replication by cytidine deamination of viral DNA genomes and impairing reverse transcription and integration. To escape this restriction, lentiviruses have evolved the viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds A3 proteins and targets them for proteolytic degradation. In...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lukic DS,Hotz-Wagenblatt A,Lei J,Räthe AM,Mühle M,Denner J,Münk C,Löchelt M

更新日期：2013-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The N-heptad repeat region of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Envelope protein is a trimerization domain that forms part of a "six helix bundle" crucial to Envelope-mediated membrane fusion. N-heptad repeat peptides have been used as extracellular reagents to inhibit virus fusion. RESULTS:When expressed intracellul...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ou W,Silver J

更新日期：2005-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by antagonizing a host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G). Vif interacts with A3G and induces its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the formation of active ubiquitin ligase (E3) complex with Cullin5-ElonginB...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Izumi T,Takaori-Kondo A,Shirakawa K,Higashitsuji H,Itoh K,Io K,Matsui M,Iwai K,Kondoh H,Sato T,Tomonaga M,Ikeda S,Akari H,Koyanagi Y,Fujita J,Uchiyama T

更新日期：2009-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Wildschutte JH,Ram D,Subramanian R,Stevens VL,Coffin JM

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mutations in the substrate of HIV-1 protease, especially changes in the NC/p1 cleavage site, can directly contribute to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance and also compensate for defects in viral replicative capacity (RC) due to a drug resistant protease. These NC/p1 changes are known to enhance processing o...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： van Maarseveen NM,Andersson D,Lepšík M,Fun A,Schipper PJ,de Jong D,Boucher CA,Nijhuis M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses a host tRNALys,3 as the primer for reverse transcription. The tRNALys,3 is bound to a region on the HIV-1 genome, the primer-binding site (PBS), that is complementary to the 18 terminal nucleotides of tRNALys,3. How HIV-1 selects the tRNA from the intracellular m...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Moore-Rigdon KL,Kosloff BR,Kirkman RL,Morrow CD

更新日期：2005-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. In order to find a cure that can eradicate the latent reservoir, one must be able to quantify the persisting virus. Traditionally, HIV persistence studies have used real-...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Rutsaert S,Bosman K,Trypsteen W,Nijhuis M,Vandekerckhove L

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 90% of all HIV transmissions occur mucosally. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are important components of mucosal fluids. In a vaccine efficacy study, in which virosomes displaying HIV gp41 antigens protected most rhesus monkeys (RMs) against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), protection correla...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Zhou M,Ruprecht RM

更新日期：2014-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 and all retroviruses are related to retroelements of simpler organisms such as the yeast Ty elements. Recent work has suggested that the yeast retroelement Ty1 replicates via an unexpected RNA lariat intermediate in cDNA synthesis. The putative genomic RNA lariat intermediate is formed by a 2'-5' phosp...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Ye Y,De Leon J,Yokoyama N,Naidu Y,Camerini D

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A critical step for retroviral replication is the stable integration of the provirus into the genome of its host. The viral integrase protein is key in this essential step of the retroviral life cycle. Although the basic mechanism of integration by mammalian retroviruses has been well characterized, the fact...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Studamire B,Goff SP

更新日期：2008-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to limit anti-viral immunity during chronic retroviral infection and to restrict vaccine-induced T cell responses. The objective of the study was to assess whether a combinational therapy of nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccination and concomitant transient ablati...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Knuschke T,Rotan O,Bayer W,Sokolova V,Hansen W,Sparwasser T,Dittmer U,Epple M,Buer J,Westendorf AM

更新日期：2016-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Host SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) suppresses reverse transcription kinetics of HIV-1 in nondividing cells such as macrophages by hydrolyzing and nearly depleting cellular dNTPs, which are the substrates of viral reverse transcriptase (RT). However, unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIVsm enco...

journal_title：Retrovirology

authors： Lenzi GM,Domaoal RA,Kim DH,Schinazi RF,Kim B

更新日期：2014-12-19 00:00:00