Abstract:
BACKGROUND:All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses a host tRNALys,3 as the primer for reverse transcription. The tRNALys,3 is bound to a region on the HIV-1 genome, the primer-binding site (PBS), that is complementary to the 18 terminal nucleotides of tRNALys,3. How HIV-1 selects the tRNA from the intracellular milieu is unresolved. RESULTS:HIV-1 tRNA primer selection has been investigated using viruses in which the primer-binding site (PBS) and a sequence within U5 were altered so as to be complementary to tRNAMet, tRNAPro or tRNAIle. Analysis of the replication of these viruses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed preferences for the selection of certain tRNAs. HIV-1 with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNAMet, with and without the additional mutation in U5 to be complementary to the anticodon of tRNAMet, stably maintains the PBS complementary to tRNAMet following extended in vitro culture in PBMC. In contrast, viruses with either the PBS or PBS and U5 mutated to be complementary to tRNAIle were unstable during in vitro replication in PBMC and reverted to utilize tRNALys,3. Viruses with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNAPro replicated in PBMC but reverted to use tRNALys,3; viruses with mutations in both the U5 and PBS complementary to tRNAPro maintained this PBS, yet replicated poorly in PBMC. CONCLUSION:The results of these studies demonstrate that HIV-1 has preferences for selection of certain tRNAs for high-level replication in PBMC.
journal_name
Retrovirologyjournal_title
Retrovirologyauthors
Moore-Rigdon KL,Kosloff BR,Kirkman RL,Morrow CDdoi
10.1186/1742-4690-2-21subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-24 00:00:00pages
21issn
1742-4690pii
1742-4690-2-21journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Retrovirology文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) composed by CDK9/CyclinT1 subunits is a dedicated co-factor of HIV transcriptional transactivator Tat protein. Transcription driven by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV involves formation of a quaternary complex between P-TEFb, Tat and the TAR eleme...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-42
更新日期:2005-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mammalian cells harbour RNA quality control and degradative machineries such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay that target cellular mRNAs for clearance from the cell to avoid aberrant gene expression. The role of the host mRNA decay pathways in macrophages in the context of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0465-2
更新日期:2019-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-60
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Combination anti-viral therapies have reduced treatment failure rates by requiring multiple specific mutations to be selected on the same viral genome to impart high-level drug resistance. To determine if the common protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M is only selected once or repeatedly on different ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-7
更新日期:2008-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a nuclear enzyme that methylates arginine residues on histones and transcription factors. In addition, PRMT6 inhibits HIV-1 replication in cell culture by directly methylating and interfering with the functions of several HIV-1 proteins, i.e. Tat, Rev and nucle...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-73
更新日期:2013-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Unlike CD4+ T cells, HIV-1 infected macrophages exhibit extended life span even upon stress, consistent with their in vivo role as long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs. RESULTS:Here, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt inhibitors, including clinically available Miltefosine, dramatically reduced HIV-1 production from long-l...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-11
更新日期:2008-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::A pol-fragment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is highly related to SIVdrl-pol from drill monkeys (Mandrillus leucophaeus) was detected in two mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) from Amsterdam Zoo. These captivity-born mandrills had never been in contact with drill monkeys, and were unlikely to be hybrids. Thei...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-1-36
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have previously reported that CD4 T cells from some exposed uninfected (EU) Vietnamese intravenous drug users are relatively resistant to HIV infection in vitro. Here, we further characterized the restriction of viral replication in CD4 T cells from five EUs and assessed its persistence in serial samples....
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-81
更新日期:2006-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The development of safe and effective combination antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past several decades has significantly reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have provided an effective means of protection against HIV trans...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-020-00515-3
更新日期:2020-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, the most commonly used mouse macrophage cell line in medical research, was originally reported to be free of replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) despite its origin in a tumor induced by Abelson MuLV containing Moloney MuLV as helper virus. As currently avail...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-1
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::The glycan supersite centered on N332 in the V3 base of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) such as PGT121 and PGT128. In this study, we examined the basis of resistance of HIV-1 clade C Envs obtained from broadly cross neutralizing (BCN) plasma of an Indian donor with N332...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0297-2
更新日期:2016-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One facet of the complexity underlying the biology of HIV-1 resides not only in its limited number of viral proteins, but in the extensive repertoire of cellular proteins they interact with and their higher-order assembly. HIV-1 encodes the regulatory protein Tat (86-101aa), which is essential for HIV-1 repl...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-47
更新日期:2009-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent rese...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-112
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::This editorial comments on selected progress made in combating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) after 26 years and some of the remaining challenges. ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-86
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection results in inhibited cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in macrophages, and this impairment involves Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1). We investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the cholesterol efflux by apoA...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-85
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The viral transactivator of HTLV-I, Tax, has long been shown to target the earliest steps of transcription by forming quaternary complexes with sequence specific transcription factors and histone-modifying enzymes in the LTR of HTLV-I. However, a new study suggests that Tax preferentially transactivates the 21-bp repe...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-1-19
更新日期:2004-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::HIV viruses encode a set of accessory proteins, which are important determinants of virulence due to their ability to manipulate the host cell physiology for the benefit of the virus. Although these viral proteins are dispensable for viral growth in many in vitro cell culture systems, they influence the efficiency of ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-35
更新日期:2010-04-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:It has been shown that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adherence to treatment of patients with several chronic diseases. However, there is a controversy regarding the impact of SES on adherence among patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syn...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-13
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was initially identified in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, particularly in the prostatic stromal fibroblasts, of patients homozygous for the RNASEL R462Q mutation. A subsequent study reported XMRV antigens in malignant prostatic epithelium and associ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-8-23
更新日期:2011-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 infects a wide range of CD4+ T cells with different phenotypic properties and differing expression levels of entry coreceptors. We sought to determine the viral tropism of subtype C (C-HIV) Envelope (Env) clones for different CD4+ T cell subsets and whether tropism changes during acute to chronic disea...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-020-00532-2
更新日期:2020-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extra-cellular roles of Tat might be the main cause of maintenance of HIV-1 infected CD4 T cells or reservoir cells. We developed a synthetic vaccine based on a Tat variant of 101 residues called Tat Oyi, which was identified in HIV infected patients in Africa who did not progress to AIDS. We compared, using...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-8
更新日期:2006-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have reported that various inbred SAM mouse strains differ markedly with regard to a variety of parameters, such as capacity for learning and memory, life spans and brain histopathology. A potential cause of differences seen in these strains may be based on the fact that some strains have a high conce...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-104
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-20
更新日期:2013-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:LILRA3 is an immunostimulatory molecule which can conditionally induce the proliferation of cytotoxic cells. LILRA3 has a deletion genotype which is associated with multiple immune disorders. In this study, we wanted to analyze the regulation of LILRA3 and its significance in the context of HIV infection. R...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0248-y
更新日期:2016-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in th...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-020-0512-z
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Integrase (IN) interacts with the cellular co-factor LEDGF/p75 and tethers the HIV preintegration complex to the host genome enabling integration. Recently a new class of IN inhibitors was described, the IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitors (INLAIs). Designed to interfere with the IN-LEDGF interaction during...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0373-2
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The N-heptad repeat region of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Envelope protein is a trimerization domain that forms part of a "six helix bundle" crucial to Envelope-mediated membrane fusion. N-heptad repeat peptides have been used as extracellular reagents to inhibit virus fusion. RESULTS:When expressed intracellul...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-51
更新日期:2005-08-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0094-8
更新日期:2014-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage play multiple roles during the infection of primate lentiviruses serving as reservoirs for viral production or as vectors for viral spread to other cells and tissues. The human immunodeficiency type I virus is not only capable of establishing such complex and dynamic relations ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type:
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-28
更新日期:2010-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The APOBEC3 (A3) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides an innate barrier to infection by retroviruses including HIV-1. A total of five enzymes, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H, are degraded by the viral accessory protein Vif and expressed at high levels in CD4+ T cells, the primary reservoir for HIV-1 replic...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0459-5
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00