Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the increased iron demands of pregnancy could be met by increased absorption from dietary sources. DESIGN AND SETTING:Longitudinal prospective study in the research unit of a maternity hospital. SUBJECTS:12 normal pregnant women. INTERVENTIONS:At 12, 24, and 36 weeks' gestation (within one week) and 16-24 weeks after delivery women ate a breakfast of meat, bread, and orange juice (3.2 mg iron), extrinsically labelled with the stable isotope iron-54 (2.8 mg); the stable isotope iron-57 (200 micrograms) was given intravenously. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum samples were taken for 10 hours after administration of the isotopes; ratios of the isotopes were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the absorption of oral iron was calculated. RESULTS:The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) absorption of iron at 12, 24, and 36 weeks' gestation was 7% (5% to 11%), 36% (28% to 47%), and 66% (57% to 76%) respectively. At 16-24 weeks after delivery the absorption was 11% (6% to 21%). The mean increase in absorption at 36 weeks (compared with that at 12 weeks) was 9.1 times (6.0 to 13.7). One pregnant woman developed iron deficiency anaemia but was otherwise indistinguishable from the others. CONCLUSIONS:An increase in the absorption of iron from food is a physiological consequence of normal pregnancy, not the result of developing anaemia during pregnancy, and such an increase is large enough to meet the increased requirements of pregnancy provided that the dietary intake is adequate.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Barrett JF,Whittaker PG,Williams JG,Lind Tdoi
10.1136/bmj.309.6947.79subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-09 00:00:00pages
79-82issue
6947eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
309pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect on general practitioners' prescribing of feedback on their levels of prescribing. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:General practice in rural Australia. PARTICIPANTS:2440 full time recognised general practitioners practising in non-urban areas. INTERVENTION:Two sets of gra...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7182.507
更新日期:1999-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between treatment induced change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total death, coronary heart disease death, and coronary heart disease events (coronary heart disease death and non-fatal myocardial infarction) adjusted for changes in low density lipoprotein cholestero...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.b92
更新日期:2009-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To gain detailed understanding of influences on smoking behaviour in Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities in the United Kingdom to inform the development of effective and culturally acceptable smoking cessation interventions. DESIGN:Qualitative study using community participatory methods, purposeful samplin...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7396.962
更新日期:2003-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b902
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between genitourinary infections in the month before conception to the end of the first trimesterand gastroschisis. DESIGN:Case-control study with self reported infections from a computer assisted telephone interview. SETTING:National birth defects prevention study, a multisite, po...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.39567.509074.25
更新日期:2008-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Many clinicians remain unsure of the relevance of measuring quality of life to their clinical practice. In health economics quality of life measures have become the standard means of assessing the results of health care interventions and, more controversially, the means of prioritising funding; but they have many othe...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6861.1074
更新日期:1992-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether tobacco smoking causes increased DNA modification (adducts) in human cervical epithelium. DESIGN:Comparison of DNA adducts measured by the technique of postlabelling with phosphorus-32 in normal ectocervical epithelium of smokers and non-smokers. A questionnaire on smoking habit and a ur...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1444
更新日期:1993-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether a strategy of endovascular repair (if aortic morphology is suitable, open repair if not) versus open repair reduces early mortality for patients with suspected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:30 vascular centres (29 UK, 1 Canadian), 2009-13. ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.f7661
更新日期:2014-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the reporting characteristics and methodological details of randomised trials indexed in PubMed in 2000 and 2006 and assess whether the quality of reporting has improved after publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement in 2001. DESIGN:Comparison of two cross...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.c723
更新日期:2010-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if any excess of childhood leukaemia was associated with the large and increasing numbers of national military servicemen in 1949 and 1950, particularly in rural districts. This would be a further test of the hypothesis that childhood leukaemia can originate in an infection, the transmission of w...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6814.1357
更新日期:1991-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in primary care in London in the 11 years since the Acheson report on primary health care in inner London. DESIGN:Analysis of key data from the family health services authority performance indicators and from the Department of Health; study of trends since the time of the Acheson report; e...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6862.1130
更新日期:1992-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between contemporary combined hormonal contraceptives (including progestogen types in combined preparations and all progestogen-only products) and overall and specific types of ovarian cancer. DESIGN:Prospective, nationwide cohort study. SETTING:Denmark, 1995-2014. PARTICIPA...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.k3609
更新日期:2018-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To confirm the findings of pilot studies that interferon alfa is an effective treatment of Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial of three months treatment with interferon alfa followed by 12 months of observation. SETTING:Outpatient clinic of a tertiary ref...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6700.652
更新日期:1989-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, based in New York, US, was established in 1996 to develop a safe and affordable AIDS vaccine. It is funded by a number of large foundations and charities, the British government, and the World Bank. The Initiative's first 2 large projects, 2 research programs into a vaccine...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7172.1543
更新日期:1998-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate explanations for social inequalities in health with respect to health related social mobility and cumulative socioeconomic circumstances over the first three decades of life. DESIGN:Longitudinal follow up. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:Data from the 1958 birth cohort study (all children bo...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7055.449
更新日期:1996-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the association between ambulance response time and survival from out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to estimate the effect of reducing response times. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Scottish Ambulance Service. SUBJECTS:All out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrests due to cardiac disease ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7299.1385
更新日期:2001-06-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effectiveness of local corticosteroid injection, standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and simple analgesics for the early treatment of lateral epicondylitis in primary care. DESIGN:Multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial. SETTING:23 general practices in North Sta...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7215.964
更新日期:1999-10-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To show the influence of variations in case mix on clinical outcome indicators for patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. DESIGN:"Before and after" cohort study, with prospective, consecutive identification of patients and prospective follow up; multiple logistic regression analyses to correct for ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7045.1503
更新日期:1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 22,552 workers employed by the Atomic Weapons Establishment between 1951 and 1982 were followed up for an average of 18.6 years. Of the 3115 who died, 865 (28%) died of cancer. Mortality was 23% lower than the national average for all causes of death and 18% lower for cancer. These low rates were consistent...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6651.757
更新日期:1988-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. DESIGN:Time trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD). SETTING:General practices in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:Children aged 12 years or younger...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
更新日期:2001-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1153
更新日期:1994-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) offers any adjuvant benefit when pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis is used for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective surgery. DESIGN:Open, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. SETTING:Seven...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.m1309
更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.39350.500428.47
更新日期:2007-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine how much oncologists tell patients about the survival benefit of palliative chemotherapy during consultations at which decisions about treatment are made. DESIGN:Qualitative study in which consultations were observed and digitally recorded. SETTING:Teaching hospital and district general hospital ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.a752
更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess incidence of and mortality from cancer in hypertensive patients taking atenolol, comparing the findings with two control populations and with hypertensive patients taking other drugs. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of patients first seen in the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic between 1972 and 1990. P...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6878.609
更新日期:1993-03-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of corticosteroid injections with physiotherapy for the treatment of painful stiff shoulder. DESIGN:Randomised trial. SETTING:40 general practices. SUBJECTS:109 patients consulting general practitioners for shoulder pain were enrolled in the trial. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1292
更新日期:1998-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted to investigate a novel approach to the prophylaxis of schizophrenic relapse. The treatment strategy comprised brief intermittent courses of neuroleptic agents begun as soon as non-psychotic symptoms believed to be early signs of relapse appeared. Fifty four stable, remitted outpatients meeting th...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.985
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine outcomes at age 3 years in babies born before 27 completed weeks' gestation in 2006, and to evaluate changes in outcome since 1995 for babies born between 22 and 25 weeks' gestation. DESIGN:Prospective national cohort studies, EPICure and EPICure 2. SETTING:Hospital and home based evaluations, ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e7961
更新日期:2012-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction in Britain of advance directives--which allow a person to state in advance of becoming incompetent that they wish to take part in treatment decisions when no longer mentally competent--has now been advocated by the medical and legal establishments. The practical application of directives relating to h...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6974.236
更新日期:1995-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer control encompasses the whole spectrum from prevention and early diagnosis to treatment and palliation. The key to the future of cancer control will be to establish multidisciplinary approaches to each type of cancer across this spectrum. For primary prevention this requires some understanding of the causes of ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6952.449
更新日期:1994-08-13 00:00:00