Understanding influences on smoking in Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults: community based, qualitative study.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the effects on children of humanitarian aid agencies restricting help to refugee families (internally displaced people). DESIGN:Follow up study of 3 months. SETTING:Prabis peninsular outside Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, which has functioned as a refugee area for internally displaced people...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Aaby P,Gomes J,Fernandes M,Djana Q,Lisse I,Jensen H

更新日期：1999-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:To compare perinatal morbidity and mortality for babies delivered in water with rates for babies delivered conventionally (not in water). DESIGN:Surveillance study (of all consultant paediatricians) and postal survey (of all NHS maternity units). SETTING:British Isles (surveillance study); England and Wales (post...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gilbert RE,Tookey PA

更新日期：1999-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation with and without telephone support for chronic dizziness, compared with routine care. DESIGN:Single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:35 general practices across southern England ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Yardley L,Barker F,Muller I,Turner D,Kirby S,Mullee M,Morris A,Little P

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between body mass index and mortality from overall cardiovascular disease and specific subtypes of cardiovascular disease in east and south Asians. DESIGN:Pooled analyses of 20 prospective cohorts in Asia, including data from 835,082 east Asians and 289,815 south Asians. Cohorts w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chen Y,Copeland WK,Vedanthan R,Grant E,Lee JE,Gu D,Gupta PC,Ramadas K,Inoue M,Tsugane S,Tamakoshi A,Gao YT,Yuan JM,Shu XO,Ozasa K,Tsuji I,Kakizaki M,Tanaka H,Nishino Y,Chen CJ,Wang R,Yoo KY,Ahn YO,Ahsan H,

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there are important differences in performance between group practices and singlehanded general practitioners and the extent to which any differences are explained by practice characteristics such as deprivation. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:206 singlehanded practices and 606...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hippisley-Cox J,Pringle M,Coupland C,Hammersley V,Wilson A

更新日期：2001-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether prophylactic treatment with low molecular weight heparin reduces the incidence of thrombosis in patients who have had general or orthopaedic surgery. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of results from 52 randomised, controlled clinical studies (29 in general surgery and 23 in orthopaedic surgery) in w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Leizorovicz A,Haugh MC,Chapuis FR,Samama MM,Boissel JP

更新日期：1992-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the independent effects of intake of fruit and vegetables on incidence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, CINAHL, British Nursing Index (BNI), and the Cochrane library were searched for medical subject headings and keywords on diabete...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Carter P,Gray LJ,Troughton J,Khunti K,Davies MJ

更新日期：2010-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental issues tend to greater political attention than do environmental health aspects. Therefore, when conflicts of interest occur with other environmental concerns, negative consequences for public health may result. For example, a strategy to substantially reduce indoor ventilation in many dwellings in Sca...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pershagen G

更新日期：1999-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The UN has reported that five multinational pharmaceutical companies would cut down HIV drug prices in the developing world. One of these drug companies is GlaxoWellcome, which has promised to reduce the price of zidovudine and lamivudine to US$2 in the poorest nations, a fifth of its price in the US. Although Peter ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Yamey G

更新日期：2000-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of financial incentives on four clinical quality indicators common to pay for performance plans in the United Kingdom and at Kaiser Permanente in California. DESIGN:Longitudinal analysis. SETTING:35 medical facilities of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1997-2007. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lester H,Schmittdiel J,Selby J,Fireman B,Campbell S,Lee J,Whippy A,Madvig P

更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the prevalence of breast feeding and to examine the value of using information collected on Guthrie cards (used for detecting inherited metabolic disease and hypothyroidism when newborn infants are 7 days old) to calculate this prevalence. DESIGN:Analysis, by geographical area and maternity unit, ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ferguson AE,Tappin DM,Girdwood RW,Kennedy R,Cockburn F

更新日期：1994-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the associations between both uric acid levels and hyperuricaemia, with ischaemic heart disease and blood pressure, and to explore the potentially confounding role of body mass index. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation analysis, using variation at specific genes (SLC2A9 (rs7442295) as an instrument fo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Palmer TM,Nordestgaard BG,Benn M,Tybjærg-Hansen A,Davey Smith G,Lawlor DA,Timpson NJ

更新日期：2013-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the high risk group for cardiovascular disease in a well defined Norwegian population according to European guidelines and the systematic coronary risk evaluation system. DESIGN:Modelling study. SETTING:Nord-Tröndelag health study 1995-7 (HUNT 2), Norway. PARTICIPANTS:5548 participants of the N...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Getz L,Sigurdsson JA,Hetlevik I,Kirkengen AL,Romundstad S,Holmen J

更新日期：2005-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the extent to which changes in diagnostic methods and classification are responsible for the striking increase in incidence of primary liver cancer in Denmark since 1943. DESIGN:Analysis of the time trends in sex specific, age standardised incidence of primary liver cancer and unspecified liver ca...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Anderson IB,Sørensen TI,Prener A

更新日期：1991-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify modifiable factors that influence relatives' decision to allow organ donation. DESIGN:Systematic review. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, and CINAHL, without language restriction, searched to April 2008. Review methods Three authors independently assessed the eligibility of the identified studies. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Simpkin AL,Robertson LC,Barber VS,Young JD

更新日期：2009-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of asthma in cohorts of Finnish young men in the period 1926-89. DESIGN:A retrospective analysis using reports and statistics of Finnish defence forces. SETTING:Call up examinations of candidates for military conscription and examination of conscripts discharged because of poor h...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Haahtela T,Lindholm H,Björkstén F,Koskenvuo K,Laitinen LA

更新日期：1990-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report the sensitivities of the faecal occult blood test, screening episode, and screening programme for colorectal cancer and the benefits of applying a randomised design at the implementation phase of a new public health policy. DESIGN:Experimental design incorporated in public health evaluation using ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Malila N,Oivanen T,Malminiemi O,Hakama M

更新日期：2008-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between accidental dural puncture and long term headache and related symptoms. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire survey to elucidate new symptoms occurring after childbirth, and linking of these to data in obstetric and anaesthetic case notes. Women were surveyed between 13 months and ni...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： MacArthur C,Lewis M,Knox EG

更新日期：1993-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Several viral infections have been reported to result in more severe disease in pregnant than non-pregnant women, but the relative risks have not been well characterised. This has now been done for Lassa fever in a prospective study of 68 pregnant and 79 non-pregnant women who were admitted to hospital in Sierra Leone...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Price ME,Fisher-Hoch SP,Craven RB,McCormick JB

更新日期：1988-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of HIV seroprevalence in the world. In 2001 only 4% of women and children in need of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were receiving them. DESIGN:Pilot implementation of the first programme for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Perez F,Orne-Gliemann J,Mukotekwa T,Miller A,Glenshaw M,Mahomva A,Dabis F

更新日期：2004-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the incidence and severity of physical and psychosexual symptoms in young women due to ovarian failure caused by total body irradiation for leukaemia and the women's response to hormone treatment. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire and interview. SETTING:Leukaemia unit of oncology hospital. PATIENTS:Con...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Cust MP,Whitehead MI,Powles R,Hunter M,Milliken S

更新日期：1989-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with exp...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lawlor DA,Hopker SW

更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare mix of patients, scope of practice, and duration of visit in primary care physicians in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. DESIGN:Comparison of three comparable cross sectional surveys performed in 2001-2. Physicians completed a questionnaire on patients' demographics, diagnoses, and ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bindman AB,Forrest CB,Britt H,Crampton P,Majeed A

更新日期：2007-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of having a low birthweight infant associated with changes in social, environmental, and genetic factors. DESIGN:Population based, historical cohort study using the Danish medical birth registry and Statistic Denmark's fertility database. SUBJECTS:All women who had a low birthweight inf...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Basso O,Olsen J,Johansen AM,Christensen K

更新日期：1997-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether over the counter cough medicines are effective for acute cough in adults. DESIGN:Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:Search of the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group specialised register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, and the...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schroeder K,Fahey T

更新日期：2002-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe the menstrual experience of women referred for menstrual problems, in particular menorrhagia (excessive menstrual loss), and to assess associations with reasons for referral given by their general practitioners, the women's understanding of the reasons for their attendance at the hospital clinics...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Warner P,Critchley HO,Lumsden MA,Campbell-Brown M,Douglas A,Murray G

更新日期：2001-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the cardiac safety of central nervous system stimulants in children and adolescents. DESIGN:Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Automated healthcare claims data from 1,219,847 children and young people eligible for 28 state Medicaid programmes from 1999 to 2006 linked to the So...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Winterstein AG,Gerhard T,Kubilis P,Saidi A,Linden S,Crystal S,Zito J,Shuster JJ,Olfson M

更新日期：2012-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether breast feeding is related to subsequent risk of breast cancer. DESIGN:Population based case-control study designed primarily to investigate the relation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer; data obtained from questionnaires administered by interviewers, general practi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1993-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease.Design Mendelian randomisation study, using genetic data as proxies for education to minimise confounding.Setting The main analysis used genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tillmann T,Vaucher J,Okbay A,Pikhart H,Peasey A,Kubinova R,Pajak A,Tamosiunas A,Malyutina S,Hartwig FP,Fischer K,Veronesi G,Palmer T,Bowden J,Davey Smith G,Bobak M,Holmes MV

更新日期：2017-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:On 1 April the Department of Health introduced the mandatory collection of data on the ethnic group of patients admitted to hospital. Its coding was based on a national minimum standard for classifying ethnic groups, ostensibly using the categories in the 1991 census. In the census, however, one in four people from et...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Aspinall PJ

更新日期：1995-10-14 00:00:00