Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To investigate explanations for social inequalities in health with respect to health related social mobility and cumulative socioeconomic circumstances over the first three decades of life. DESIGN:Longitudinal follow up. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:Data from the 1958 birth cohort study (all children born in England, Wales, and Scotland during 3-9 March 1958) were used, from the original birth survey and from sweeps at 16, 23, and 33 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Subjects' own ratings of their health; social differences in self rated health at age 33. RESULTS:Social mobility varied by health status, with those reporting poor health at age 23 having higher odds of downward mobility than of staying in same social class. Men with poor health were also less likely to be upwardly mobile. Prevalence of poor health at age 33 increased with decreasing social class: from 8.5% in classes I and II to 17.7% in classes IV and V among men, and from 9.4% to 18.8% among women. These social differences remained significant after adjustment for effects of social mobility. Health inequalities attenuated when adjusted for social class at birth, at age 16, or at 23 or for self rated health at age 23. When adjusted for all these variables simultaneously, social differences in self rated health at age 33 were substantially reduced and no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS:Lifetime socioeconomic circumstances accounted for inequalities in self reported health at age 33, while social mobility did not have a major effect on health inequalities.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Power C,Matthews S,Manor Odoi
10.1136/bmj.313.7055.449subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-24 00:00:00pages
449-53issue
7055eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
313pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare direct and indirect costs of day and inpatient treatment of acute psychiatric illness. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with outcome and costs assessed over 12 months after the date of admission. SETTING:Teaching hospital in an inner city area. SUBJECTS:179 patients with acute psychiatric illn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1381
更新日期:1997-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the evidence for ethnic differences in susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to cardiovascular drugs. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:We searched Medline and Embase to March 2005. Reference lists of identified articles were hand searched for further relevant arti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.38803.528113.55
更新日期:2006-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::In July 1992 Dr Keith Mumby, a clinical ecologist, appeared before the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council on five charges to do with his practice of clinical ecology. He was found guilty of two of the charges--touting for publicity and failing to give a patient adequate medical attention--an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6870.122
更新日期:1993-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::National allocation of resources to regional health authorities and by them to districts is now determined by a weighted capitation formula. The national formula was derived from regression analysis, with hospital utilisation as an index of need for health care--a method which has fundamental limitations. This paper a...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6881.835
更新日期:1993-03-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the impact of skin surgery in general practice on the workload of a pathology laboratory and to identify what further training might be helpful. DESIGN:Analysis of skin biopsy specimens from general practitioners before and after their new contract to determine numbers of specimens, changes in diagn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6819.93
更新日期:1992-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::The author is one of the medical advisers to the judge who led a government inquiry into allegations that an experimental research program at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, to study the natural course of cervical carcinoma in situ had withheld conventional treatment from some patients. She ar...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6647.533
更新日期:1988-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the potential for cadaver organ retrieval in New South Wales and to determine the reasons for potential donors failing to become actual donors. DESIGN:Prospective audit of all patients dying in five hospitals in New South Wales between 1 December 1989 and 30 November 1990; quality assurance of th...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6838.1339
更新日期:1992-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost utility of interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. DESIGN:Population based cost utility model (healthcare perspective). Data on use of health services were obtained from case records and routine morbidity data and utility values from a EuroQol survey. Local and pu...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1529
更新日期:1999-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate integrated care for diabetes in clinical, psychosocial, and economic terms. DESIGN:Pragmatic randomised trial. SETTING:Hospital diabetic clinic and three general practice groups in Grampian. PATIENTS:274 adult diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic and registered with one of three gener...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate differences between hospitals in clinical management of patients admitted with fractured hip and to relate these to mortality at 90 days. DESIGN:A prospective audit of process and outcome of care based on interviews with patients, abstraction from records with standard proforma, and follow up ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6984.904
更新日期:1995-04-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between use of hormone replacement therapy and the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:Population enrolled in the General Practice Research Database, United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:A cohort of 347,253 women aged 50 to 79 witho...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7083.796
更新日期:1997-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation with and without telephone support for chronic dizziness, compared with routine care. DESIGN:Single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:35 general practices across southern England ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e2237
更新日期:2012-06-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the variation in prescribing among general practices by examining the contribution to this variation of fundholding, training status, partnership status, and the level of deprivation in the practice population and to investigate the extent to which fundholding has been responsible for any chang...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7057.595
更新日期:1996-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men, from the perspective of a national health service. SETTING:Screening units at regional hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Hypothetical cohort of 65 year old men from the general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:C...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e4276
更新日期:2012-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether tobacco smoking causes increased DNA modification (adducts) in human cervical epithelium. DESIGN:Comparison of DNA adducts measured by the technique of postlabelling with phosphorus-32 in normal ectocervical epithelium of smokers and non-smokers. A questionnaire on smoking habit and a ur...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1444
更新日期:1993-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether genetic factors associated with established rheumatoid arthritis could, in combination with rheumatoid factor, predict the development of radiological erosions in patients with early symmetrical (rheumatoid-like) arthritis. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Teaching hospital, early arth...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6866.1387
更新日期:1992-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate an experimental heroin maintenance programme. DESIGN:Randomised trial. SETTING:Outpatient clinic in Geneva, Switzerland. SUBJECTS:Heroin addicts recruited from the community who were socially marginalised and in poor health and had failed in at least two previous drug treatments. INTERVENTION:...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7150.13
更新日期:1998-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the education and workload of preregistration house officers in the four Thames regions. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire. SETTING:Teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the four Thames regions. PARTICIPANTS:1064 Preregistration house officers. RESULTS:Response rate was 70% (740 replies). Nine per ce...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6726.713
更新日期:1990-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of high dose folic acid supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia in women with at least one risk factor: pre-existing hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2), twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or body mass index ≥35. DESIGN:Randomised, phase III...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.k3478
更新日期:2018-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To audit services for prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Comparison of the annual number of cases recorded in a United Kingdom register of prenatal diagnoses for haemoglobin disorders, with the annual number of pregnancies at risk of these disorders, by ethnic group a...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7111.779
更新日期:1997-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare outcome and costs of general practitioners, senior house officers, and registrars treating patients who attended accident and emergency department with problems assessed at triage as being of primary care type. DESIGN:Prospective intervention study which was later costed. SETTING:Inner city acci...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7042.1340
更新日期:1996-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of the method of data display on physician investigators' decisions to stop hypothetical clinical trials for an unplanned statistical analysis. DESIGN:Prospective, mixed model design with variables between subjects and within subjects (repeated measures). SETTING:Comprehensive cancer c...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1527
更新日期:1999-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::A randomised controlled trial of two management regimens was carried out in women patients over 65 years of age with hip fractures. Ninety seven patients were admitted to a designated orthopaedic geriatric unit and 125 to orthopaedic wards. No difference was observed in mortality, length of stay, or placement of patie...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6656.1116
更新日期:1988-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether an important football match increases stress to such an extent that it triggers acute myocardial infarction and stroke. DESIGN:Longitudinal study of mortality around 22 June 1996 (the day the Dutch football team was eliminated from the European football championship). Mortality on 22 J...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1552
更新日期:2000-12-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the waste of research related to inadequate methods in trials included in Cochrane reviews and to examine to what extent this waste could be avoided. A secondary objective was to perform a simulation study to re-estimate this avoidable waste if all trials were adequately reported. DESIGN:Methodolog...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h809
更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study delays between sending referral letters and the outpatient appointment and to assess the content of referral and reply letters, their educational value, and the extent to which questions asked are answered by reply letters. DESIGN:Retrospective review of referrals to 16 consultant orthopaedic surgeo...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6750.470
更新日期:1990-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Objective To improve the selection of patients with acute ischaemic stroke for intra-arterial treatment using a clinical decision tool to predict individual treatment benefit.Design Multivariable regression modelling with data from two randomised controlled clinical trials.Setting 16 hospitals in the Netherlands (deri...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.j1710
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects on suicidal behaviour of legislation limiting the size of packs of paracetamol and salicylates sold over the counter. DESIGN:Before and after study. SETTING:UK population, with detailed monitoring of data from five liver units and seven general hospitals, between September 1996 and S...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7296.1203
更新日期:2001-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop an easily applicable diagnostic scoring method to determine the presence of peptic ulcers in dyspeptic patients in a primary care setting; to evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori testing adds value to history taking. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:General practitioners' offices in the Utr...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7304.71
更新日期:2001-07-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of patients' preferences for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, by using individualised decision analysis combining probability and utility assessments into a decision tree. DESIGN:Observational study based on interviews with patients. SETTING:Eight general practices in Avon. P...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7246.1380
更新日期:2000-05-20 00:00:00