Abstract:
BACKGROUND:KwaZulu-Natal, one of South Africa's three malaria endemic provinces, is nearing malaria elimination, reporting fewer than 100 locally-acquired cases annually since 2010. Despite sustained implementation of essential interventions, including annual indoor residual spraying, prompt case detection using malaria rapid diagnostics tests and treatment with effective artemisinin-based combination therapy, low-level focal transmission persists in the province. This malaria prevalence and entomological survey was therefore undertaken to identify the drivers of this residual transmission. METHODS:Malaria prevalence as well as malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices among community members and mobile migrant populations within uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal were assessed during a community-based malaria prevalence survey. All consenting participants were tested for malaria by both conventional and highly-sensitive falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic tests. Finger-prick filter-paper blood spots were also collected from all participants for downstream parasite genotyping analysis. Entomological investigations were conducted around the surveyed households, with potential breeding sites geolocated and larvae collected for species identification and insecticide susceptibility testing. A random selection of households were assessed for indoor residual spray quality by cone bioassay. RESULTS:A low malaria prevalence was confirmed in the study area, with only 2% (67/2979) of the participants found to be malaria positive by both conventional and highly-sensitive falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria prevalence however differed markedly between the border market and community (p < 0001), with the majority of the detected malaria carriers (65/67) identified as asymptomatic Mozambican nationals transiting through the informal border market from Mozambique to economic hubs within South Africa. Genomic analysis of the malaria isolates revealed a high degree of heterozygosity and limited genetic relatedness between the isolates supporting the hypothesis of limited local malaria transmission within the province. New potential vector breeding sites, potential vector populations with reduced insecticide susceptibility and areas with sub-optimal vector intervention coverage were identified during the entomological investigations. CONCLUSION:If KwaZulu-Natal is to successfully halt local malaria transmission and prevent the re-introduction of malaria, greater efforts need to be placed on detecting and treating malaria carriers at both formal and informal border crossings with transmission blocking anti-malarials, while ensuring optimal coverage of vector control interventions is achieved.
journal_name
Malar Jjournal_title
Malaria journalauthors
Raman J,Gast L,Balawanth R,Tessema S,Brooke B,Maharaj R,Munhenga G,Tshikae P,Lakan V,Mwamba T,Makowa H,Sangweni L,Mkhabela M,Zondo N,Mohulatsi E,Nyawo Z,Ngxongo S,Msimang S,Dagata N,Greenhouse B,Birkholtz LM,Shidoi
10.1186/s12936-020-03227-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-15 00:00:00pages
152issue
1issn
1475-2875pii
10.1186/s12936-020-03227-3journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MALARIA JOURNAL文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:P25 and P28 are related ookinete surface proteins highly conserved throughout the Plasmodium genus that are under consideration as candidates for inclusion in transmission-blocking vaccines. Previous research using transgenic rodent malaria parasites lacking P25 and P28 has demonstrated that these proteins h...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-15
更新日期:2005-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the abundance of studies conducted on the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission, the biology and interaction of Plasmodium with its insect host still holds many mysteries. This paper provides the first study to follow the sporogonic cycle of Plasmodium vivax in a wild insecticide-resistant mysor...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-131
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In individuals living in malaria-endemic regions, parasitaemia thresholds for the onset of clinical symptoms vary with transmission intensity. The mechanisms that mediate this relationship are however, unclear. Since inflammatory responses to parasite infection contribute to the clinical manifestation of mal...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1796-x
更新日期:2017-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The general paradigm that emerges from the analysis of the transcriptome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is that the expression clusters of genes that code for enzymes engaged in the same cellular function is coordinated. Here the consistency of this perception is examined by analysing specific pathways ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-17
更新日期:2005-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polyclonal B-cell activation is well known to occur in Plasmodium infections, but its role in pathogenesis or protection remains unclear. However, protective properties of natural antibodies have previously been demonstrated in other contexts. METHODS:Sera from asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium-infect...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-5
更新日期:2005-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between mosquito development and temperature is one of the keys to understanding the current and future dynamics and distribution of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Many process-based models use mean air temperature to estimate larval development times, and hence adult vector densitie...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-196
更新日期:2010-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are used for diagnostic purpose in malaria-endemic areas where reliable microscopy is not available. Persistence of the antigenaemia causes over-diagnosis and may limit the usefulness of the RDT in monitoring treatment. In this study, the usefulness of histidine-rich prot...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-123
更新日期:2013-04-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is an urgent need for an effective vaccine to control and eradicate malaria, one of the most serious global infectious diseases. Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) has been listed as a blood-stage subunit vaccine candidate for malaria. Infection with Plasmodium ovale species including P. ova...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03207-7
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Passerine birds are frequently infected with diverse haemosporidian parasites. While infections are traditionally considered benign in wild birds, recent studies demonstrated mortalities of passerine species due to exo-erythrocytic development of the parasites, which can damage organs in affected hosts. Howe...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-3147-6
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Challenges persist in ensuring access to and optimal use of long-lasting, insecticidal bed nets (LLINs). Factors associated with ownership and use may differ depending on the history of malaria and prevention control efforts in a specific region. Understanding how the cultural and social-environmental contex...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1262-1
更新日期:2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drug combination therapy is the frontline of malaria treatment. There is an ever-accelerating need for new, efficacious combination therapies active against drug resistant malaria. Proven drugs already in the treatment pipeline, such as the quinolines, are important components of current combination therapy ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-332
更新日期:2013-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In children with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, quinine administered rectally may be easier to use and less painful than intramuscular or intravenous administration. The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness of intrarectal with intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating f...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-24
更新日期:2005-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The substantial impact of cross-border collaborative control efforts on the burden of malaria in southern Africa has previously been demonstrated through the successes of the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative. Increases in malaria cases recorded in the three partner countries (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland)...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1470-8
更新日期:2016-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the changing pattern of US President's Malaria Initiative-funded IRS in sub-Saharan Africa between 2008 and 2015. IRS coverage in sub-Saharan Africa increased from <2 % of the at-risk population in 2005, to 11 % or 78 million people in 2010, mainly as a result of increased funding from PMI. The sc...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1201-1
更新日期:2016-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic and co-exist in the same geographic areas, even co-infecting the same host. Previous studies have reported that concomitant infection with Schistosoma japonicum could offer protection against experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice. This study was performed to eval...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-116
更新日期:2014-03-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is one of the most severe public health issues that result in massive morbidity and mortality in most countries of the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to determine the scope of household, accessibility to malaria care and factors associated with household malaria in the Democratic Republic...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2679-0
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-base...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-87
更新日期:2012-03-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Deltamethrin-impregnated, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) were distributed in the study area from November 2014 to January 2015 to evaluate their impact on malaria transmission in the presence of insecticide-resistant vectors. Studies were carried out in 16 selected clusters in Keshkal sub-district, C...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2557-1
更新日期:2018-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been adopted by the World Health Organization as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In endemic regions, it has proven more effective in treating the disease, and even in reducing its transmission. Nonetheless, there is a sca...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1408-1
更新日期:2016-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria currently causes more harm to human beings than any other parasitic disease, and disproportionally affects low-income populations. The ethical issues raised by efforts to control or eliminate malaria have received little explicit analysis, in comparison with other major diseases of poverty. While some ethical ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-1042-3
更新日期:2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases, as monotherapies had become ineffective in many parts of the world. As a result, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) withdrew chlo...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-459
更新日期:2013-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The recent reports on the decreasing susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin derivatives along the Thailand and Myanmar border are worrying. Indeed it may spread to India and then Africa, repeating the same pattern observed for chloroquine resistance. Therefore, it is essential to start monito...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-207
更新日期:2014-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adequate malaria diagnosis and treatment remain major difficulties in rural sub-Saharan Africa. These issues deserve renewed attention in the light of first-line treatment with expensive artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) and changing patterns of transmission intensity. This study describes diagnostic and...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-232
更新日期:2008-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Ghana, malaria is endemic and perennial (with significant seasonal variations in the three Northern Regions), accounting for 33 % of all deaths among children under 5 years old, with prevalence rates in children under-five ranging from 11 % in Greater Accra to 40 % in Northern Region. Ghana adopted the WH...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1418-z
更新日期:2016-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diversity and abundance of Anopheles larvae has significant influence on the resulting adult mosquito population and hence the dynamics of malaria transmission. Studies were conducted to examine larval habitat dynamics and ecological factors affecting survivorship of aquatic stages of malaria vectors in ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-228
更新日期:2010-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Relatively little is known about the prevalence of blood parasites in shorebirds, especially those breeding in the tropics. The prevalence of blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon was assessed in blood samples from Kentish plovers and cream-coloured coursers in Cape Verde, ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1892-y
更新日期:2017-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many recent studies have examined the impact of urbanization on Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity and found a general trend of reduced transmission in urban areas. However, none has examined the effect of urbanization on Plasmodium vivax malaria, which is the most widely distributed malaria species an...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-403
更新日期:2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The outcomes from recent high profile deliberations concerning African health research and economic development all point towards the need for a mechanism to support health innovation on the continent. The mission of the African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI), is to promote and sustain African-led...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S9
更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The screening of lead compounds against in vitro parasite cultures is an essential step in the development of novel anti-malarial drugs, but currently relies on laboratory parasite lines established in vitro during the last century. This study sought to establish in continuous culture a series of recent Plas...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-320
更新日期:2013-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the Republic of Korea (ROK), six sibling species of the Anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. The intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and sprea...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-151
更新日期:2012-05-03 00:00:00