Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Securing an early accurate diagnosis of diabetic foot infections and assessment of their severity are of paramount importance since these infections can cause great morbidity and potentially mortality and present formidable challenges in surgical and antimicrobial treatment. METHODS:In June 2018, we searched the literature using PuEbMed and EMBASE for published studies on the diagnosis of diabetic foot infection. On the basis of predetermined criteria, we reviewed prospective controlled, as well as noncontrolled, studies in any language, seeking translations for those not in English. We then developed evidence statements on the basis of the included papers. RESULTS:From the 4242 records screened, we selected 35 papers that met our inclusion criteria. The quality of all but one of the evidence statements was low because of the weak methodology of nearly all of the studies. The available data suggest that diagnosing diabetic foot infections on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms and classified according to the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot scheme correlates with the patient's likelihood of ulcer healing, of lower extremity amputation, and risk of death. Elevated levels of selected serum inflammatory markers are supportive, but not diagnostic, of soft tissue or bone infection. In patients with suspected diabetic foot osteomyelitis, both a positive probe-to-bone test and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are strongly associated with its presence. Culturing tissue samples of soft tissues or bone, when care is taken to avoid contamination, provides more accurate microbiological information than culturing superficial (swab) samples. Plain X-ray remains the first-line imaging examination when there is suspicion of diabetic foot osteomyelitis, but advanced imaging methods help in cases when either the diagnosis or the localization of infection is uncertain. CONCLUSION:The results of this first reported systematic review on the diagnosis of diabetic foot infections provide some guidance for clinicians, but there is a need for more prospective controlled studies of high quality.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Senneville É,Lipsky BA,Abbas ZG,Aragón-Sánchez J,Diggle M,Embil JM,Kono S,Lavery LA,Malone M,van Asten SA,Urbančič-Rovan V,Peters EJGdoi
10.1002/dmrr.3281subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
e3281eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
36 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in primary hyperparathyroidism is approximately 8% and that of primary hyperparathyroidism in diabetic patients is approximately 1%. Both values are about three-fold higher than the respective expected prevalences in general populations. Patients with both disorders are over 40 year...
journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dmrr.199
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species. However, there are few data on the mitochondrial DNA damage in diabetes and these...
journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the prog...
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更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dmrr.230
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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doi:10.1002/dmrr.1134
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.2260
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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doi:10.1002/dmrr.576
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3<202::aid-dmrr116>
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.789
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dmrr.304
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dmrr.1182
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.1137
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/dmrr.2470
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.2325
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.744
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.521
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The importance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in immune regulation is unquestioned, yet a precise understanding of which cells express it, and how it mediates immune inhibitory function, is lacking. Regulatory T cells are known to constitutively express CTLA-4 intracellularly, whereas conventio...
journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.1277
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1002/dmrr.2585
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.883
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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doi:10.1002/dmrr.2465
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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doi:10.1002/dmrr.256
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dmrr.585
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00