Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Elevated liver enzymes are associated with cardiovascular disease, while their relationship with cancer-related mortality has not been assessed so far in diabetic patients. METHODS:An observational cohort study was performed on a consecutive series of 1952 type 2 diabetic patients. The association of liver enzymes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed. Information on all-cause mortality was obtained by the City of Florence Registry Office. RESULTS:The average duration of follow-up was 6.4 +/- 2.7 years. Over that period, 362 deaths were recorded (26.9%), with a yearly mortality rate of 4.2%. Age- and sex-adjusted HR of all-cause mortality for gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT) gamma-GT > 40 U/l was 1.610 [1.245-2.082]. An increased cardiovascular mortality rate was observed in patients with elevation of gamma-GT, and gamma-GT and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), when compared with the rest of the sample (15.3 vs 10.8%, p < 0.05; and 15.2 vs 10.7%, p < 0.05, respectively). Similar results were observed when considering cancer-related mortality. The association of higher gamma-GT levels with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality was confirmed at a multivariate analysis after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS:The present study shows that, in type 2 diabetic patients, higher gamma-GT, but not ALT, is associated with increased mortality for cardiovascular disease and malignancies.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Monami M,Balzi D,Lamanna C,Melani C,Cocca C,Lotti E,Fedeli A,Masotti G,Marchionni N,Mannucci Edoi
10.1002/dmrr.744subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
625-30issue
8eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is involved in cell growth and glucose homeostasis. In the current study, the IGF1R locus was analysed as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in American Indians. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Whole genome sequence data from 335 American Indians identified 3 novel miss...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2994
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are a number of medical conditions such as growth failure in children, pregnancy, lipid abnormalities, and early complications that are improved by the meticulous glycemic control that can be achieved with insulin pump therapy (CSII). By using an insulin pump, many patients with severe hypoglycemia, the dawn phe...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199909/10)15:5<338::aid-dm
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the correlation between the use of protease inhibitors (PI) and adverse metabolic glycemic events, no prospective study has examined these parameters in pregnant women who use these drugs. METHODS:A prospective study was conducted on 57 pregnant women to investigate the effect of antiretroviral drug...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.576
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the last decades, the central nervous system (CNS) was intensively tested as a site for islet transplantation in different animal models of diabetes. Immunoprivilege properties of intracranial and intrathecal sites were found to delay and reduce rejection of transplanted allo-islets and xeno-islets, especially ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2644
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Psammomys obesus gerbil exhibits PKCepsilon over-expression on high-energy (HE) diet. Muscle insulin receptor (IR) signalling and tyrosine kinase activity are inhibited eliciting insulin resistance. We aimed at preventing diabetes by inhibiting PKCepsilon-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 with novel PKC...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.881
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While the effect of fatty acids and ectopic triglyceride storage in pancreatic beta cells has been well-defined, only limited information is available on alpha cells. This study evaluates the long-term impact of fatty acids on alpha cell function and proliferation as well as fatty acid oxidation. METHODS:Cl...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.663
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assesses the autonomic function of patients who have regained awareness of hypoglycaemia following islet cell or whole pancreas transplant. METHODS:Five patients with type 1 diabetes and either islet cell (four patients) or whole pancreas (one patient) transplant were assessed. These patients wer...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2652
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulminant type 1 diabetes (fT1D) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes proposed by Imagawa in 2000. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a markedly rapid and almost complete destruction of pancreatic β cells. Metabolic derangement is more severe in this subtype than in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The incidence of ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2928
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excess visceral fat can regulate insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism by releasing adipokines into the circulation which then bind with their cognate receptors in various tissues and alter glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating levels of adiponectin, which promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and incre...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.778
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Now that the reduction in beta-mass has been clearly established in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 1-4, the debate focuses on the possible mechanisms responsible for decreased beta-cell number and impaired beta-cell function and their multifactorial etiology. Appropriate inbred rodent models are essential...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.566
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that tight glycemic control with any of several therapeutic regimens has the potential to significantly reduce the risk for long-term microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. An important question that remains to be answered is what is the best approa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.304
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The present study was undertaken to determine whether there were changes evident in axonal membrane function prior to the onset of neuropathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS:From a cohort of 110 consecutive referrals, nerve excitability was investigated in 40 diabetic patients without c...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2360
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases is a condition seldom thought of in clinical practice. Yet, a high percentage of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been reported for the general population and especially for diabetic subjects. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus du...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2260
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Education is essential in insulin pump therapy, but literature in the field is limited. We systematically reviewed insulin pump education programmes and their effects in two situations as follows: (1) basic education at the start of insulin pump therapy, providing the study design enabled us to separate the effects of...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3412
更新日期：2020-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-invasive tests for the detection of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus are important to estimate the risk of amputation, ulceration, wound healing and the presence of cardiovascular disease, yet there are no consensus recommendations to support a particular diagnostic modality...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2703
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Physical functioning may be an important pre-clinical marker of chronic disease, used as a tool to identify patients at risk for future cardiometabolic abnormalities. This study evaluated if self-reported physical functioning was associated with the development of cardiometabolic abnormalities or their clust...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2765
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This perspective covers a novel area of research describing the inadequacies of current approaches for diagnosing dysglycaemia and proposes that the 1-hour post-load glucose level during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test may serve as a novel biomarker to detect dysglycaemia earlier than currently recommended screen...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2992
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose can be extracted through intact skin by electro-osmotic flow (a process called 'reverse iontophoresis') upon the application of a low-level electrical current. Recently we have combined iontophoretic extraction with an in situ glucose sensor in a device called the GlucoWatch biographer. Clinical results with t...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.210
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes associated with increased risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) have been reported to be associated with increased birth weight. We set out to investigate the association between HLA haplotypes conferring risk for T1D and birth weight and search for possible differen...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2303
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells are known to be extremely susceptible to destruction, primarily by autoimmune mechanisms, infectious agents, and by chemical toxins that cause overt type I diabetes. As development of highly protected insulin-producing cells would be important for successful cell therapy of diab...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.545
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several interactive and mutually perpetuating abnormal biochemical pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, augmented polyol pathway, and non-enzymatic glycation, may be activated as a result of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes. These abnormal pathways may in turn influence several vasoactive factors, w...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(0000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr157>3.0
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires the implementation of preventive strategies to halt this trend, tailored to the specific needs of individual regions. Risk factors for T2DM are among the main targets for improving health outcomes and curbing the development of diabetes; exce...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2513
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature on the role of body iron status in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans is inconsistent. We aimed to assess the association between iron indices and T2D by a meta-analysis of previously published studies. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE. Observational stud...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2506
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic foot disease is an important complication of diabetes. The development and outcome of foot ulcers are related to the interplay between numerous diabetes-related factors such as nerve dysfunction, impaired wound healing and microvascular and/or macrovascular disease.The formation of advanced glycation end prod...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.861
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. With at least 30% of the diabetic population remaining undiagnosed, effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Development of a diagnostic test, more convenient and reliable than those currently used, would therefore be hi...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1068
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A nested case-control (NCC) design within a prospective cohort study can realize substantial benefits for biomarker studies. In this context, it is natural to consider the sample availability in the selection of controls to minimize data loss when implementing the design. However, this violates the randomnes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3204
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The active cognitive-motor demands of driving may have a significant metabolic demand that could contribute to the development of hypoglycemia. Conversely, symptoms caused by the stress of driving may be confused with hypoglycemia and lead to false alarms. This study examined the metabolic demand and the phy...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.306
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of self-reactive T cells that specifically destroy the pancreatic beta-cells is one of the hallmarks in the development of type 1 diabetes. Thus, for prevention and treatment of this autoimmune disease, approaches to induce and maintain T cell tolerance toward the beta-cells, especially in islet transplanta...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.345
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Leptin's hematopoietic or proinflammatory role has been experimentally reported. We investigated whether serum leptin concentrations are associated with white blood cell (WBC) counts in humans. METHODS:Serum leptin concentrations of Japanese civil servants aged 40 to 59 years (1082 men and 200 women) were a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.540
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of calculating an individualized HbA1c target using a recently published algorithm in a real-life clinical setting. METHODS:General practitioners (GPs) from the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Expert Group were invited to participate ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2976
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
