Abstract：
:The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that tight glycemic control with any of several therapeutic regimens has the potential to significantly reduce the risk for long-term microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. An important question that remains to be answered is what is the best approach to optimizing glycemic control in patients with this disease. This article reviews results of studies in which insulin was used alone or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Analysis of comparative studies (13 in insulin-naive and 26 in previously insulin-treated patients) showed that combination therapy involving one to two insulin injections per day plus oral therapy is usually more effective than insulin monotherapy for achieving and maintaining glycemic control. Combination treatment for type 2 diabetes can be significantly improved by newly developed preparations that lack the major limitations of older products. Once-daily administration of isophane insulin (NPH insulin) is limited by a 15-18-h duration of action and a peak effect that occurs about 6 h after injection. Insulin glargine, a new insulin analogue developed using recombinant DNA technology, has a flat pharmacodynamic profile and a 24-h duration of action. Results from a recent comparative study indicate that insulin glargine plus oral therapy may provide better post-dinner glucose control as well as less symptomatic and nocturnal hypoglycemia than oral therapy combined with NPH insulin. The studies reviewed in the present article support the conclusion that combination therapy with insulin glargine combined with one or more oral antidiabetic agents may be the treatment of choice for achieving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Yki-Järvinen Hdoi
10.1002/dmrr.304keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
S77-81eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
18 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Current guidelines recommend screening the feet of diabetic subjects with a 10-g monofilament or tuning fork. We investigated which tests and locations on the feet have the best predictive value regarding 1-year ulcer-free survival in diabetic subjects participating in the prospective Rotterdam Diabetic Foot...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3119
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Foot problems complicating diabetes are a source of major patient suffering and societal costs. Investing in evidence-based, internationally appropriate diabetic foot care guidance is likely among the most cost-effective forms of healthcare expenditure, provided it is goal-focused and properly implemented. The Interna...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2694
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The unique worldwide spread of the human species and the remarkably long post-reproductive survival show that our genome permits excellent adaptation to vastly different environments. Moreover, the main scourges of later age, namely malignant growths and atherosclerosis, appear in humans later than in shorter-living a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.230
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:ZAC (Zinc finger protein that regulates apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest) is a candidate gene for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). This condition involves severe insulin deficiency at birth that reverses over weeks or months but may relapse with diabetes recurring in later life. ZAC overexpression...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2325
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study from Gallagher et al. aimed to investigate the effect of a new depeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, MK-0626, on bone turnover in a mouse model developing insulin resistance and diabetes (MKR mice). Authors have found that treatment with MK-0626 did not affect either MKR mice fasting glucose or parameters o...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2505
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smooth muscle cells proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition are key features of diabetic macroangiopathy. In the present study, we have studied the role of endothelin(A) (ET(A)) receptor, the predominant receptor on smooth muscle cells, in diabetes-induced vascular hypertrophy and rem...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.527
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rising experimental evidence suggests that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exert a protective effect on breast cancer. However, studies concerning this issue were inconsistent and limited. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis with data from currently available studies to evaluate the effect of TZDs on breast cancer risk amon...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2961
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An appropriate diet represents the cornerstone for diabetes therapy. Diets that differ in their carbohydrate, lipid and protein content are used but the evidence of their effects on the long term is missing. Several confounding factors and compliance to diet render difficult the evaluation of the 'best diet' for diabe...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type：
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2512
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lispro Mix 25% insulin lispro/75% insulin lispro protamine (LM25) and Lispro Mix 50% insulin lispro/50% insulin lispro protamine (LM50) were compared as starter insulins in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Phase 4, open-label, randomized trial conducted in China, Japan, Korea, and Turkey. S...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2816
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Statins are one of the most widely prescribed medications in the United States; however, there is a concern that they are associated with new-onset-diabetes (NOD) development. We sought to understand the risk of dysglycemia and NOD for a cohort of individuals that reflect real-world physician prescribing patt...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3189
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors added to insulin therapy have been proposed as treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We thus conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of this combination in T1D. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3169
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) diagnostic tests for prediabetes and diabetes with plasma glucose criteria and compare the metabolic profiles of people classified by HbA1c versus by glucose levels. METHODS:Participants were recruited for the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. The participan...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2874
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic glycogen is replenished during the absorptive period postprandially. This repletion is prompted partly by an increased hepatic uptake of glucose by the liver, partly by metabolite and hormonal signals in the portal vein, and partly by an increased gluconeogenic flux to glycogen (glyconeogenesis). There is some...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.217
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High birth weight has been related to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), while suboptimal birth weight (both high and low) has been related to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance, as a consequence of poor metabolic control, has been described in T1D patients. The aims...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2361
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the prog...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2601
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association of circulating tumor necrosis factor-1 (TNFR-1) and TNFR-2 with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, which is the first-ever quantitative analysis of these associations thus far. Whether TNFRs were better than albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3195
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose can be extracted through intact skin by electro-osmotic flow (a process called 'reverse iontophoresis') upon the application of a low-level electrical current. Recently we have combined iontophoretic extraction with an in situ glucose sensor in a device called the GlucoWatch biographer. Clinical results with t...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.210
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes commonly leads to long-term complications such as cataract. This study investigated the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LPA) and its gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) conjugate on cataract development in diabetic sand rats. METHODS:Two separate experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, sand rats were fed...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(0000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr153>3.0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rising rates of diabetes in pregnancy have led to an escalation in research in this area. As in any area of clinical research, definitions of outcomes vary from study to study, making it difficult to compare research findings and draw conclusions. Our aim was to compile and create a repository of definitions, which co...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2640
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess if plasma markers associated with NAFLD are increased in people with concomitant diabetes compared with those withou...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2269
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that drive the development of life-threatening complications. Diabetes results from a situation of insufficient insulin action, either by deficient production of the hormone by the pancreas, or by the development of insulin resist...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3107
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in primary hyperparathyroidism is approximately 8% and that of primary hyperparathyroidism in diabetic patients is approximately 1%. Both values are about three-fold higher than the respective expected prevalences in general populations. Patients with both disorders are over 40 year...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.199
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact cause of the obesity epidemic remains unknown; however, both environmental and genetic factors are involved. People at risk of developing obesity include children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which in turn increases their cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we discuss the clinical and genetic factors...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2797
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Proatherogenic stimuli during foetal life may predispose to development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS:In this study, we examined how ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.867
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aetiology of painful diabetic neuropathy is unclear. We have evaluated vitamin D levels in diabetic patients with and without painful neuropathy. METHODS:Forty-three patients with type 1 diabetes and painless (DPN) (n = 20) or painful (PDN) (n = 23) neuropathy and 14 non-diabetic healthy control subject...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3361
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes foot infections are a common condition and a major causal pathway to lower extremity amputation. Identification of causative pathogens is vital in directing antimicrobial therapy. Historically, clinicians have relied upon culture-dependent techniques that are now acknowledged as both being selective for micro...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2834
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated whether global levels of DNA methylation status were associated with retinopathy as well as providing a predictive role of DNA methylation in developing retinopathy in a case-control study of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:The 5-methylcytosine content was assessed by reversed-phase ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2584
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and β-cell function remains controversial. The present study aims to use a new index, renal function-normalized SUA, to observe its correlation with β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS:A total of 713 patients with T2DM received stand...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3001
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The possible effect of random intrasite placement on the outcome of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWF) test is not known. We sought to determine the significance of this variable in the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in patients with diabetes. METHODS:Forty-five patients with diabetes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2388
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature on the role of body iron status in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans is inconsistent. We aimed to assess the association between iron indices and T2D by a meta-analysis of previously published studies. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE. Observational stud...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2506
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
