Abstract:
:Pestiviruses, which include economically important animal pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus, possess three envelope glycoproteins, namely Erns, E1, and E2. This article discusses the structures and functions of these glycoproteins and their effects on viral pathogenicity in cells in culture and in animal hosts. E2 is the most important structural protein as it interacts with cell surface receptors that determine cell tropism and induces neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. All three glycoproteins are involved in virus attachment and entry into target cells. E1-E2 heterodimers are essential for viral entry and infectivity. Erns is unique because it possesses intrinsic ribonuclease (RNase) activity that can inhibit the production of type I interferons and assist in the development of persistent infections. These glycoproteins are localized to the virion surface; however, variations in amino acids and antigenic structures, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, and RNase activity can ultimately affect the virulence of pestiviruses in animals. Along with mutations that are driven by selection pressure, antigenic differences in glycoproteins influence the efficacy of vaccines and determine the appropriateness of the vaccines that are currently being used in the field.
journal_name
Virusesjournal_title
Virusesauthors
Wang FI,Deng MC,Huang YL,Chang CYdoi
10.3390/v7072783subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-29 00:00:00pages
3506-29issue
7issn
1999-4915pii
v7072783journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
Viruses-Basel文献大全abstract::The complete sequence and genome organization of a novel Endornavirus from the hypovirulent strain GD-2 of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, were identified using a deep sequencing approach and it was tentatively named as Rhizoctonia solani endornavirus 1 (RsEV1). It was composed of o...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11020178
更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract: Since 2007, highly pathogenic clade 2.3.2 H5N1 avian influenza A (A(H5N1)) viruses have evolved to clade 2.3.2.1a, b, and c; currently only 2.3.2.1c A(H5N1) viruses circulate in wild birds and poultry. During antigenic evolution, clade 2.3.2.1a and c A(H5N1) viruses acquired both S144N and V223I mutations ar...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11100923
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the cause of pancreas disease and sleeping disease in farmed salmonid fish in Europe. The spread of these diseases has been difficult to control with biosecurity and current vaccination strategies, and increased understanding of the viral pathogenesis could be beneficial for the developmen...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v12101071
更新日期:2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the emergence of non-endemic mosquito vectors and the recent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito-borne pathogens are considered an increasing risk to public and animal health in Europe. To obtain a status quo regarding mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors in Germany, 97,648 mosquitoes collected f...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v10070389
更新日期:2018-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can infect a wide range of cell types, including cells of the adaptive and innate immunity but, normally, it completes a fully-permissive replication cycle only in epithelial or neural cells. Complex mechanisms controlling this delicate balance in immune cells and consequent restriction ...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11050428
更新日期:2019-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Bats are known to host a number of nonpathogenic viruses, as well as highly pathogenic viruses causing fatal diseases like rabies. Serological surveys as part of active and passive bat rabies surveillance mainly use seroneutralization assays, demonstrating the presence of lyssavirus-specific antibodies in ...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v12030271
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses use a vesicle-mediated transfer of intranuclearly assembled nucleocapsids through the nuclear envelope (NE) for final maturation in the cytoplasm. The molecular basis for this novel vesicular nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is beginning to be elucidated in detail. The heterodimeric viral nuclear egress comp...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v8100266
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::About 70% of all Ewing sarcoma (EWS) patients are diagnosed under the age of 20 years. Over the last decades little progress has been made towards finding effective treatment approaches for primarily metastasized or refractory Ewing sarcoma in young patients. Here, in the context of the search for novel therapeutic op...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v10060302
更新日期:2018-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause severe congenital diseases, such as microcephaly, ocular defects and arthrogryposis in fetuses, and Guillain⁻Barré syndrome in adults. Efficacious therapeutic treatments for infected patients, as well as prophylactic treatments to prevent new infections are needed for combating ZI...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11020092
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is one of the most economically important diseases and is a constraint to cotton production in major producers, Pakistan and India. CLCuD is caused by monopartite plant viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae (genus Begomovirus), in association with an essential, disease-specific...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v9100280
更新日期:2017-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retroviruses rely on host factors for cell entry, replication, transcription, and other major steps during their life cycle. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) is well known for utilizing a plethora of strategies to evade the host immune response, including the establishment of latent infection within a ...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v7020543
更新日期:2015-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Viroids are small, non-coding, circular RNA molecules that infect plants. Different hypotheses for their evolutionary origin have been put forward, such as an early emergence in a precellular RNA World or several de novo independent evolutionary origins in plants. Here, we discuss the plausibility of de novo emergence...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11050425
更新日期:2019-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the major causes of acute hepatitis, and this infection occasionally causes acute liver failure. HAV infection is associated with HAV-contaminated food and water as well as sexual transmission among men who have sex with men. Although an HAV vaccine has been developed, outbr...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v12050533
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was first diagnosed in Norway in 1999. The disease is caused by Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1). The virus is prevalent in farmed Atlantic salmon, but not always associated with disease. Phylogeny and sequence analyses of 31 PRV-1 ge...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v11050465
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) ortholog pUL97 associates with human cyclin B1 and other types of cyclins. Here, the question was addressed whether cyclin interaction of pUL97 and additional viral proteins is detectable by mass spectrometry-based approaches. Proteomic data were v...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v8080219
更新日期:2016-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, Alves-Freitas and colleagues [...]. ...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.3390/v11030230
更新日期:2019-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, Brazil lives a triple arboviruses epidemic (DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV) making the differential diagnosis difficult for health professionals. Here, we aimed to investigate chikungunya cases and the possible occurrence of co-infections during the epidemic in Amapá (AP) that started in 2014 when the first autochtho...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v10110623
更新日期:2018-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage lambda replication initiation protein P exhibits a toxic effect on its Escherichia coli (E. coli) host, likely due to the formation of a dead-end P-DnaB complex, sequestering the replicative DnaB helicase from further activity. Intracellular expression of P triggers SOS-independent cellular filamenta...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v8060172
更新日期:2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of two Ageratum conyzoides, one Sonchus oleraceus and one turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from Pakistan and Nepal. Full-length begomovirus clones were obtained from the four plant samples and betasatellite clones from three of these. The begomovirus sequences were...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v7020647
更新日期:2015-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DC) are major players in both innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus. These immune responses, as well as the important interface between the innate and adaptive systems, are orchestrated by specialized subsets of DC, including conventional steady-state DC, migratory DC and plasma...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v1031022
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 causes a chronic infection in humans that is characterized by high plasma viremia, progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and severe immunodeficiency resulting in opportunistic disease and AIDS. Viral persistence is mediated in part by the ability of the Nef protein to down-regulate HLA molecules on the infecte...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v4091711
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) is the etiologic agent of Lassa fever. In endemic regions in West Africa, LASV genetic diversity tends to cluster by geographic area. Seven LASV lineages are recognized, but the role of viral genetic determinants on disease presentation in humans is uncertain. We investigated the geographic...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v12040437
更新日期:2020-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Phage display has become an established, widely used method for selection of peptides, antibodies or alternative scaffolds. The use of phage display for the selection of antigens from genomic or cDNA libraries of pathogens which is an alternative to the classical way of identifying immunogenic proteins is not well-kno...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v5102531
更新日期:2013-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes cancer (Adult T cell Leukemia, ATL) and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases (mainly HTLV-associated myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis, HAM/TSP). Since virions are particularly unstable, HTLV-1 transmission primarily occurs by transfer of a c...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v7072793
更新日期:2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses represent important test cases for data federation due to their genome size and the rapid increase in sequence data in publicly available databases. However, some consequences of previously decentralized (unfederated) data are lack of consensus or comparisons between feature annotations. Unifying or displaying...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v12121424
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Despite significant improvements in therapy, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains an important threat to public health. Current treatments fail to eradicate HIV as proviral DNA persists in long-living cellular reservoirs, leading to viral rebound whenever treatment is discontinued. Hence, a better understanding of viral rese...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v11010012
更新日期:2018-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Current measles vaccines suffer from poor effectiveness in young infants due primarily to the inhibitory effect of residual maternal immunity on vaccine responses. The development of a measles vaccine that resists such passive immunity would strongly contribute to the stalled effort toward measles eradication. In this...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v9100265
更新日期:2017-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Around 257 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection and 71 million with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. Both HBV and HCV infections can lead to liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To take care of these chronically infected patients, one s...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v12121440
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::The Pneumoviridae family includes human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human orthopneumovirus, which is also known as a respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). These are large enveloped, negative single-strand RNA viruses. HMPV and HRSV are the human members, which commonly infect children. HMPV, which was discovered in 2001,...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/v12070781
更新日期:2020-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease are economically important avian diseases worldwide. Effective vaccination is critical to control these diseases in poultry. Live attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have been developed for bivalent vaccination against HPAI viruses a...
journal_title:Viruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/v11030300
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00