Abstract：
:Pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs) were first introduced in the 1950s and they are currently widely prescribed as portable systems to treat pulmonary conditions. MDIs consist of a formulation containing dissolved or suspended drug and hardware needed to contain the formulation and enable efficient and consistent dose delivery to the patient. The device hardware includes a canister that is appropriately sized to contain sufficient formulation for the required number of doses, a metering valve capable of delivering a consistent amount of drug with each dose delivered, an actuator mouthpiece that atomizes the formulation and serves as a conduit to deliver the aerosol to the patient, and often an indicating mechanism that provides information to the patient on the number of doses remaining. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art of MDI hardware and includes discussion of enhancements made to the device's core subsystems. In addition, technologies that aid the correct use of MDIs will be discussed. These include spacers, valved holding chambers, and breath-actuated devices. Many of the improvements discussed in this article increase the ability of MDI systems to meet regulatory specifications. Innovations that enhance the functionality of MDIs continue to be balanced by the fact that a key advantage of MDI systems is their low cost per dose. The expansion of the health care market in developing countries and the increased focus on health care costs in many developed countries will ensure that MDIs remain a cost-effective crucial delivery system for treating pulmonary conditions for many years to come.
journal_name
AAPS PharmSciTechjournal_title
AAPS PharmSciTechauthors
Stein SW,Sheth P,Hodson PD,Myrdal PBdoi
10.1208/s12249-013-0062-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-01 00:00:00pages
326-38issue
2issn
1530-9932journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A combination of analytical and statistical methods is used to improve a tablet coating process guided by quality by design (QbD) principles. A solid dosage form product was found to intermittently exhibit bad taste. A suspected cause was the variability in coating thickness which could lead to the subject tasting the...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-011-9723-x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of different grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose in a direct pelletization process in a rotary processor. For this purpose, a mixed 2- and 3-level factorial study was performed to determine the influence of the particle size of microcrystalline...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt060362
更新日期：2005-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Our aim was to investigate the cellular uptake, in vitro cytotoxicity and bioavailability of ginsenoside-modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with curcumin (G-NLC). The formulation was prepared by melt emulsification technique, in which water was added to the melted lipids and homogenized to give a uniform sus...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-019-1295-1
更新日期：2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Present investigation deals with formulation and evaluation of tamoxifen (TMX)-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (TMX-LCNPs) for improving oral bioavailability and safety of the existing treatment. Hexagonal Glyceryl monooleate-based TMX-LCNPs (GLCNPs) and Phytantriol-based TMX-LCNPs (PLCNPs) were prepared by di...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-017-0851-9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-014-0225-5
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt060241
更新日期：2005-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Spherical granules (pellets) are quite useful in many pharmaceutical applications. The extrusion spheronisation technique is well established as a method of producing pellets of a spherical shape and narrow size distribution. After the extrusion, the cylindrical extrudates are transformed to spherical pellets by spher...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-012-9770-y
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study is designed to formulate, optimize, and evaluate astaxanthin (ASTA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) with an aim to improve its stability, water solubility, skin permeability and retention and reduce drug-related side effects. ASTA was extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis. ASTA-NLC was formulated ...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-020-01822-w
更新日期：2020-11-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt050119
更新日期：2004-03-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-012-9846-8
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt080121
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of denaturation by microwave irradiation on release properties of 2 physically different proteins. Matrices were prepared from water-soluble bovine serum albumin loaded with metoclopramide and sorbed with adequate amount of moisture were thermally denatured in a mic...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt070115
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, linkages between tablet surface roughness, tablet compression forces, material properties, and the tensile strength of tablets were studied. Pure sodium halides (NaF, NaBr, NaCl, and NaI) were chosen as model substances because of their simple and similar structure. Based on the data available in the li...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-014-0104-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal drug that with extremely poor aqueous solubility. Up to now, this drug can be administered via intravenous injection and oral suspension. However, its oral bioavailability is greatly limited by the dissolution rate of the drug. This study aimed to improve water solubility and diss...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-016-0497-z
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method to determine content uniformity of a large, thick tablet using an approach that could facilitate future validations has been developed. A CT ibuprofen 800-mg tablet weighs about 1150 mg and is about 18.6 mm wide and 7.6 mm thick. The FT NIR spectrometer was optimized for tran...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt020311
更新日期：2001-07-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-019-1533-6
更新日期：2019-11-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-020-01775-0
更新日期：2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Although several guidelines do exist for freeze-drying process development and scale-up, there are still a number of issues that require additional attention. The objective of this review article is to discuss some emerging process development and scale-up issue with emphasis on effect of load condition and freeze-dry...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1208/s12249-011-9599-9
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-014-0282-9
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-014-0247-z
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-05-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-07-18 00:00:00
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journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-019-1454-4
更新日期：2019-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Pterostilbene, being extracted from many plants, has significant biological activities in preventing cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases so as to have great potential applications in pharmaceutical fields. But the poor solubility and stability of pterostilbene strictly restrained its applications. As a good ...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-014-0129-4
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluates the antioxidant activity of the flavonol quercetin, and its functional stability as a raw material and when added in formulations. The iron-chelating activity was determined using the bathophenanthroline assay, and the functional stability was evaluated with the antilipoperoxidative assay. ...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/pt070110
更新日期：2006-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Its poor response to current treatment options in advanced stages and the need for efficient diagnosis in early stages call for the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Some of them are based on the use of nanometric materials as c...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1208/s12249-020-01731-y
更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports for the first time the possible formation of a novel room temperature therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) of risperidone (RIS) with some fatty acids, namely capric acid (C10; CA), lauric acid (C12; LA), and myristic acid (C14; MA). All mixtures of RIS and MA yielded a solid or pasty-like soli...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-020-01844-4
更新日期：2020-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Curcumin chewing gums could be therapeutically beneficial if used by the head and neck cancer patients. High curcumin loading in chewing gums however is needed to achieve desired therapeutic effect. Preparing gums with high drug load is nonetheless challenging because of the negative impact of solids on their masticat...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-018-1174-1
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was carried out with a view to enhance the dissolution of poorly water-soluble BCS-class II drug aceclofenac by co-grinding with novel porous carrier Neusilin US(2.) (amorphous microporous granules of magnesium aluminosilicate, Fuji Chemical Industry, Toyama, Japan). Neusilin US(2) has been used as a...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-009-9221-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of sterically stabilized liposomes containing paclitaxel (SSL-PTX). The SSL-PTX was prepared by the thin-film method. The release of paclitaxel from SSL-PTX was analyzed using a dialysis method. The effect of SSL-PTX on endothelial cell prol...
journal_title：AAPS PharmSciTech
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1208/s12249-010-9430-z
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
