Abstract：
:Fifteen years have passed since T-cell receptor (TCR) genes were identified (reviewed in [1]). Unlike the situation for antibodies, no direct structural information on the TCR proteins has been available for most of this time. Recently, however, the crystal structures of isolated alpha and beta chains were determined, shortly followed by the determination of the structure of an alpha beta heterodimer. Subsequently, the structures of two TCR peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes have been reported. The windfall of this, and other more recent structural information, has elucidated some generalizations for TCR binding and recognition of pMHC. The crystal structures have, however, given us very little insight into the mechanisms of signal transduction by the TCR complex and the subsequent events which lead to activation of a T cell. Ultimately, the crystallographio results will be reconciled with experiments from other disciplines for a complete understanding of the molecular events of T cell activation.
journal_name
Curr Opin Biotechnoljournal_title
Current opinion in biotechnologyauthors
Garcia KC,Teyton Ldoi
10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80004-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
338-43issue
4eissn
0958-1669issn
1879-0429pii
S0958-1669(98)80004-9journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Signal transduction is the process of converting one kind of signal or stimulus into another, with the goal of processing external or internal signals into diverse functions. In recent years, progress has been made in identifying signaling pathways, investigating cross-talk and feedbacks in signaling modules, analyzin...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolism is dynamic and must function in context-specific ways to adjust to changes in the surrounding cellular and ecological environment. When isotopic tracers are used, metabolite flow (i.e. metabolic flux) can be quantified through biochemical networks to assess metabolic pathway operation. The cellular activiti...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.003
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fermentation of food components by microbes occurs both during certain food production processes and in the gastro-intestinal tract. In these processes specific compounds are produced that originate from either biotransformation reactions or biosynthesis, and that can affect the health of the consumer. In this review,...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much of the current knowledge on the hydrothermic liquefaction of biomass to biocrude is on the basis of laboratory benchtop findings, and the step up to industrial scale reactors will require a range of information that is currently either unavailable or insufficient. This work highlights a number of these issues suc...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.004
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable-isotope probing (SIP) of environmental genomic DNA allows populations in a natural microbial community to be identified through the incorporation of (13)C- or (15)N-labeled substrates into biomass. The isotopically labeled DNA is retrieved by density gradient centrifugation, and active microorganisms identified...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2005.12.003
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transdifferentiation of one cell type to another has garnered significant research efforts in recent years. As cardiomyocyte loss following myocardial infarction becomes debilitating for cardiac patients, the option of an autologous source of cardiomyocytes not derived from multi/pluripotent stem cell sources is an at...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.014
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular tools for the regulation of protein expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have contributed to rapid advances in pathway engineering for this yeast. This review considers new and enhanced additions to this toolbox, focusing on experimental approaches to modulate enzyme synthesis and enzyme fate. Methods for ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.002
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Driven by the demand to enhance the economic balance of chemical processes, the transformation of a racemate into a single stereoisomer (the deracemization process) is one of the most important areas of research. The recent development of the combined use of enzyme and metal catalysis has led to efficient deracemizati...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00097-1
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant DNA technology has expanded the potential of the targeted screening approach in drug discovery. The use of cloned and expressed receptors as targets for the evaluation of novel compounds can significantly simplify the structure affinity/activity process. However, the patenting of cloned receptors, as well ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(93)90038-x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic biology uses engineering principles to design and assemble biological components and systems for a variety of applications. On the basis of genetic engineering, synthetic gene switches can be interconnected to construct complex gene circuits, capable of sensing and integrating diverse input signals for preci...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.003
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organ-on-chip systems integrate microfluidic technology and living cells to study human physiology and pathophysiology. These human in vitro models are promising substitutes for animal testing, and their small scale enables precise control of culture conditions and high-throughput experiments, which would not be econo...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.015
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The design and construction of synthetic gene circuits with complex spatiotemporal dynamics was pioneered in bacteria, but it took almost a decade until synthetic biologists were able to construct genetic circuits with complex spatiotemporal dynamics in mammalian cells. This review highlights the most recent advances ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2010.07.006
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current approaches for treating peripheral nerve injury have resulted in promising, yet insufficient functional recovery compared to the clinical standard of care, autologous nerve grafts. In order to design a construct that can match the regenerative potential of the autograft, all facets of nerve tissue must be inco...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.006
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic biology efforts began in simple single-cell systems, which were relatively easy to manipulate genetically (Cameron et al., 2014). The field grew exponentially in the last two decades, and one of the latest frontiers are synthetic developmental programs for multicellular mammalian systems (Black et al., 2017;...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.016
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The technique of protein stabilization has been improving steadily in recent years, but it is only in the past year or two that the stability of some protein molecules has been improved to the level of those from extreme thermophilic organisms. This was achieved by multiple mutations and often by utilizing the knowled...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(97)80063-8
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The demand for validated analytical methods for botanicals has grown in response to the increasing consumer market for botanical supplements. Government initiatives to increase the availability of validated analytical methods and botanical reference material have led to the publication of numerous validation studies i...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2013.10.003
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With a growing number of protein therapeutics being developed, many of them exhibiting a short plasma half-life, half-life extension strategies find increasing attention by the biotech and pharmaceutical industry. Extension of the half-life can help to reduce the number of applications and to lower doses, thus are ben...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2011.06.012
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibodies (Abs) are ubiquitous reagents for biological and biochemical research and are rapidly expanding into new therapeutic areas. They are one of the most important probes for determining how proteins function under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Abs are required for the quantification of targets, dete...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.012
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraportal islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Nevertheless, long-term efficacy has been limited to a marginal number of patients. Outcomes have been restricted, in part, by challenges associated with the transplant site, poor vascularization, and disruption...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.004
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellulosic fuels are expected to have great potential industrial applications in the near future, but they still face technical challenges to become cost-competitive fuels, thus presenting many opportunities for improvement. The economical production of viable biofuels requires metabolic engineering of microbial platf...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.11.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent a major group of detoxification enzymes. All plants possess multiple cytosolic GSTs, each of which displays distinct catalytic as well as non-catalytic binding properties. The progress made in recent years in the fields of genomics, proteomics and protein crystallography of GS...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.024
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microorganisms play important roles in the environmental fate of toxic metals and radionuclides with a multiplicity of mechanisms effecting transformations between soluble and insoluble forms. These mechanisms are integral components of natural biogeochemical cycles and are of potential for both in situ and ex situ bi...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00095-1
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progress has occurred in understanding the function of disease-resistance genes that govern the resistance of plants to pathogens, and pathogen-produced molecules, called elicitors, that resistance genes key on. Data support the elicitor-receptor model wherein resistant plants contain receptors for pathogen elicitors....
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80116-x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fermentation of syngas is a means through which unutilized organic waste streams can be converted biologically into biofuels and commodity chemicals. Despite recent advances, several issues remain which limit implementation of industrial-scale syngas fermentation processes. At the cellular level, the energy conservati...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2013.12.001
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic biology combines knowledge from various disciplines including molecular biology, engineering, mathematics and physics to design and build novel proteins, genetic circuits and metabolic networks. Early efforts aimed at altering the behavior of individual elements have now evolved to focus on the construction ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2005.07.002
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological pulping has the potential to improve the quality of pulp, properties of paper and to reduce energy costs and environmental impact relative to traditional pulping operations. It has been suggested that energy savings alone could make the process economically viable. Other benefits include improved burst stre...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0958-1669(99)80044-5
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Broad application of microbial fuel cells will require substantial increases in current density. A better understanding of the microbiology of these systems may help. Recent studies have greatly expanded the range of microorganisms known to function either as electrode-reducing microorganisms at the anode or as electr...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2008.10.005
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much progress has been made in the development of techniques for constructing dense grids either of ligands, such as peptides and oligonucleotides, or of cloned nucleic acids. Such arrays are finding practical applications in the analysis of sequence variation and gene expression. Methods for carrying out large number...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(96)80100-5
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data visualization has developed in several directions: theoretical; methodological; and in new application areas. Advances include the development of a grammar of graphics, deeper understanding of human perception and implications for graphical layout, and better approaches to visualizing multi-dimensional data and l...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00060-9
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Redox enzymes in bioelectronic devices usually lack direct electrical contact with electrodes, owing to the spatial separation of their redox centers from the conductive surfaces by the protein shells. The reconstitution of apo-enzymes on cofactor-functionalized nanostructures associated with electrodes provides a mea...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.10.008
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
