Abstract：
:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the single most common cause of end-stage renal failure in seropositive patients, has increased in incidence by 30% each year since 1991. Occurring almost exclusively in blacks, HIVAN became the third leading cause of ESRD in blacks, ages 20 to 64, in 1995. During that year, the absolute number of new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases declined for the first time since the epidemic began. The decrease occurred predominantly in white males, whereas in blacks with heterosexual exposures for risk factors, the incidence actually increased. Also in 1995, the number of AIDS-related deaths declined for the first time. If these trends continue, we can expect a continued increase in the number of blacks living with AIDS. We estimate that 1% to 4% will develop renal failure from HIVAN. The incidence of HIVAN can be expected to increase unless new approaches are successful in preventing the spread of HIV-1 in all segments of the population or in treating the renal complications of HIV-1 infection.
journal_name
Semin Nephroljournal_title
Seminars in nephrologyauthors
Winston JA,Burns GC,Klotman PEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-07-01 00:00:00pages
373-7issue
4eissn
0270-9295issn
1558-4488journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A major challenge facing the nephrology community in the United States is the training of adequate numbers of nephrologists to meet patient care and research needs. There is particular cause for concern because of the increasing incidence and prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease. Data on the clinical and...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.06.011
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important step to improve AKI outcome. In Asia, several distinct conditions of this region such as environment (tropical climate), socioeconomic status (high-resource and low-resource settings), process of care (shortage of nephrologists), exposure factors (specific t...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.08.003
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acid-base balance is critical for normal life. Acute and chronic disturbances impact cellular energy metabolism, endocrine signaling, ion channel activity, neuronal activity, and cardiovascular functions such as cardiac contractility and vascular blood flow. Maintenance and adaptation of acid-base homeostasis are most...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.04.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy remains unresolved. Clearly lack of insulin, with its associated disorders of carbohydrate, protein, and/or lipid metabolism, initiates the process which eventually leads to the characteristic histologic picture of diabetic nephropathy. The disturbance in cellular me...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preeclampsia is a 2-stage disorder. Stage 1 is decreased placental perfusion and generates stage 2 of the disorder, the maternal syndrome characteristic of preeclampsia. How the 2 stages are linked has been a topic of intense investigation for many years. One candidate phenomenon, which includes many other suggested l...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0270-9295(04)00126-3
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effectiveness of antihypertensive agents is assessed not only by systemic blood pressure levels, but by multiple parameters that reflect specific organ functions. Among antihypertensive agents, those which inhibit angiotensin actions show particular efficacy in ameliorating end organ damage. This efficacy likely refle...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sonography has become integral to the evaluation and management of patients with renal disease. Although many of the procedures discussed in this issue are not feasible for all nephrologists, sonography clearly is. It is convenient and saves time, both for the physician and the patient, and the equipment is not expens...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2002.31712
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic kidney disease, defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate (estimated using serum creatinine- and/or serum cystatin C-based equations) or excess urinary protein excretion, affects approximately 13% of adult Americans and is linked to a variety of clinical complications. Although persons with end-stage renal...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.05.006
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosi...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.03.002
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7 are ubiquitous β-herpesviruses that can cause opportunistic infection and disease in kidney transplant recipients. Active CMV infection and disease are associated with acute allograft failure and death, and HHV-6 and HHV-7 replication are associated with CMV...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.05.012
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diuretics commonly are administered in disorders of sodium balance. Loop diuretics inhibit the Na-K-2Cl transporter and also increase calcium excretion. They are often used in the treatment of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics block the thiazide-sensitive NaCl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, and can decre...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.008
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.008
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants account for much of the excess risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease, which results in a significant global health disparity for persons of African ancestry. We estimate the lifetime risk of kidney disease in APOL1 dual-risk allele individuals to be at least 15%. Exper...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.04.008
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of progressive kidney disease associated with diabetes continues to increase worldwide. Only partial renoprotection is achieved by current standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin-receptor blockers, increasing the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Experimenta...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.03.003
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with a significant reduction in food intake. Approximately one third of chronic dialysis patients complain of a fair or poor appetite and this is related directly to poor patient outcomes. Appetite regulation involve...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.10.003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies in patients on maintenance hemodialysis have disclosed a high prevalence of sleeping disorders, which have been linked to various factors including blood urea levels, creatinine levels, parathyroid hormone levels, anemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, quality of life, disease intrusiveness, and comorb...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.06.014
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute ingestion of protein and intravenous infusion of amino acids are known to stimulate increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in animals and humans. Although some investigators believe that these changes are mediated by a circulating hormonal factor, there is considerable evidence that i...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By analogy to the findings with other transport disorders such as Bartter's or Liddle's syndrome, it might be expected that the various forms of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) could result from defects in H-ATPase or H-K-ATPase. However, the available data do not yet support such a simple explanation. With regard to dis...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sphingolipids, including ceramides, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have been recognized as important molecules that regulate critical cellular functions. Although originally studied in the context of lysosomal storage diseases, the roles of these compounds in more common disorders invo...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.01.007
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical that serves cell signaling, cellular energetics, host defense, and inflammatory functions in virtually all cells. In the kidney and vasculature, NO plays fundamental roles in the control of systemic and intrarenal hemodynamics, the tubuloglomerular feedback response, pressur...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.04.002
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apical membrane epithelial Na(+) channel subunit (ENaC) in series with the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase mediates collecting duct Na(+) reabsorption. Aldosterone induces αENaC gene transcription, which appears to be rate limiting for ENaC activity in this segment. Although this response has long ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.05.010
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous pathological processes are involved in the renal tubulointerstitial fibrogenic reaction that occurs after ureteral ligation. Central to these maladaptive events is a florid interstitial monocytic infiltration of the tubulointerstitium, which is preceded by a proximal tubular up-regulation of macrophage chemoa...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complement system consists of 3 pathways and more than 30 proteins, including those with biological activity that directly or indirectly mediate the effects of this system, plus a set of regulatory proteins necessary to prevent injudicious complement activation on host tissue. The role for complement in the pathog...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.09.009
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence indicates an increased prevalence and likely also an increased incidence of both renal and extrarenal malignancy in ESRD patients. With the exception of nonHodgkin's lymphoma, these are the same solid tumors commonly found in the general population. Although the overall change in tumor frequency may be sm...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (MBD) encompasses changes in mineral ion and vitamin D metabolism that are widespread in the setting of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. MBD components associate with cardiovascular disease in many epidemiologic studies. Through impacts on hypertensio...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.001
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are several published series of pregnancy in patients with nonimmunoglobulin A mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (most of whom have thin basement membrane nephropathy [TBMN]). The aim of the present study was to review the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with TBMN. The medical and obst...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.01.011
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure is a critically important aspect to consider in the study and management of drug-induced kidney injury. Although blood concentrations of kidney toxicants often may provide a valid surrogate measure of kidney exposure, the kidney has several unique physiological and biochemical properties that lend themselves ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.006
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosis of aluminum-related bone disease in patients with renal failure often requires a bone biopsy. Percutaneous biopsy of the iliac crest has been safely carried out as an outpatient procedure in over 300 patients. No instances of significant bleeding or infection have occurred. The procedure was well accepted in...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In most countries the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is lower than in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Besides a history of blood transfusions, previous HD is an important risk factor for developing HCV infection in PD patients. Many HCV-posi...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
