Abstract：
:The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in persons older than 65 years of age. Pulse pressure is the most robust blood pressure measurement in predicting cardiovascular disease. This rise in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure with aging is a consequence of arterial stiffness. With aging, both structural and functional changes occur that result in a less compliant aorta and large vessels. Investigators who use pulse-wave velocity and augmentation index as measures of large artery stiffness have repeatedly shown an increase in arterial stiffness with aging. Early return of the reflected pulse wave to the aorta during systole has been shown to be the primary mechanism accounting for the rise in systolic and decline in diastolic pressure that occurs with arterial stiffness. Several factors have been shown to decrease arterial stiffness including aerobic exercise, decreased sodium intake, n-3 fatty acids, estrogen replacement therapy, nitrates, and ACE inhibitors. Drugs that specifically lower systolic blood pressure but not diastolic pressure, such as vasopeptidase inhibitors, are under investigation in treating isolated systolic hypertension.
journal_name
Semin Nephroljournal_title
Seminars in nephrologyauthors
Meeks WMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
65-70issue
1eissn
0270-9295issn
1558-4488pii
S0270-9295(02)70019-3journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An expanding proportion of people in the United States and worldwide are affected by kidney disease, leading to a growing concern over the public health implications. Despite the high prevalence and the considerable associated health risks of kidney disease, major gaps in our knowledge base hinder the delivery of opti...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.06.002
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kidney disease has been shown to be highly prevalent in cancer patients in the IRMA studies (Renal Insufficiency and Anticancer Medications). Furthermore, anticancer drugs used in those patients, among which half have abnormal renal function, necessitate dosage adjustment in case of reduced renal function and/or is po...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.09.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between increased uric acid (UA) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been observed and studied for many decades. The value of UA as an independent factor within the metabolic risk profile for prediction of CVD in the normal population remains an issue of ongoing discussion. In turn, increasing ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.08.007
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in information technology have changed human interactions. These changes have had considerable implications for nonmedical and medical educational practices. The use of semi-private applications such as WhatsApp (Mountain View, CA), Slack (Canada), Viber (Israel), and Google Hangouts (Mountain View, CA) has n...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.04.010
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remarkable advances have been made in the past decade in understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Although the initiating events leading to the onset of proteinuria still are not well defined, it has become increasingly clear that many glomerular diseases can be classified as podocytopathies...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.03.015
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human nuclear genome consists of approximately 3 billion nucleotides. Human beings are 99% similar in DNA sequence to each other, but natural genetic variation in approximately 1% of the DNA sequence is responsible for interindividual differences, including determining who will develop disease and who will remain ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.01.003
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. RHuEPO has been shown to increase survival, decrease hospitalizations, improve brain and cognitive function, and improve quality of life for renal patients. Much has been learned about the normal and patholog...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2001.20939
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small lipids such as eicosanoids exert diverse and complex functions. In addition to their role in regulating normal kidney function, these lipids also play important roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Increased glomerular cyclooxygenase (COX)1 or COX2 expression has been reported in patients with nephritis...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. Patients with chronic kidney disease have significant CVD, and carry a high cardiovascular burden by the time they commence renal replacement therapy (RRT). The severity of CVD that has been observed in dialysis ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2002.35964
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Membranous nephropathy is a relatively common glomerular disease found to underlie both nonnephrotic and nephrotic proteinuria. In adults, about 75% of cases are primary (idiopathic) and 25% are secondary to a wide variety of causes, including neoplasia, infections, autoimmunity, and drugs. Presenting features are not...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00049-4
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclooxygenase inhibitors have long been used in experimental studies as well as in clinical practice to reduce urinary protein excretion in proteinuric renal diseases. However, the mechanisms by which this treatment limits glomerular filtration of proteins are not fully elucidated. We will review the cellular and mol...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is a multisubunit protein consisting of a peripheral catalytic domain (V(1)) that binds and hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and provides energy to pump H(+) through the transmembrane domain (V(0)) against a large gradient. This proton-translocating vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is present in bo...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.07.004
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is growing in prevalence and most of this growth represents isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Attempts at prevention are critical but likely are ineffectual. Therefore, the delivery and acceptance of current medical regimens must be improved. ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.02.002
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intravascular volume consists of 40% to 45% red cells. Their production is controlled predominantly by erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that is secreted particularly when tissue hypoxia is present. Because of this high percentage of the total intravascular volume the question comes to mind that, in addition to hypo...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.05.007
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombotic microangiopathy represents the clinical picture of thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia in the setting of small blood vessel thrombosis, accompanied by varying degrees of organ dysfunction. Well known to both nephrologists and hematologists alike, among the most common and best-studied thrombotic microangi...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.02.007
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute ingestion of protein and intravenous infusion of amino acids are known to stimulate increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in animals and humans. Although some investigators believe that these changes are mediated by a circulating hormonal factor, there is considerable evidence that i...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In aggregate, the evidence reviewed here supports a very important role for PDGF expression and action at local glomerular and interstitial sites in human kidney development and disease. PDGF delivered by platelets, or produced by endogenous cells of the kidney is capable of stimulating responses including proliferati...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (MBD) encompasses changes in mineral ion and vitamin D metabolism that are widespread in the setting of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. MBD components associate with cardiovascular disease in many epidemiologic studies. Through impacts on hypertensio...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.001
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Worldwide, more than 250,000 individuals who have received a liver, heart, lung, or intestinal transplant are living longer. Twenty percent to 25% of these recipients experience perioperative acute renal failure, with 10% to 15% requiring renal replacement therapy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also highly prevalent...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.03.010
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditionally, renal ischemia has been regarded as central to the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Accordingly, hemodynamic management of SA-AKI has emphasized restoration of renal perfusion, whereas, experimentally, ischemia reperfusion models have been emphasized. However, in human bei...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.01.007
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine, play a central role in the regulation of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Dopamine inhibits tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and increases sodium excretion. Norepinephrine stimulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and decreases urinary sodium excretion. The signaling p...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Projected requirements for nephrology physicians indicate a need for an increase in the number of nephrology trainees. In addition, government regulations are creating the climate to diminish the entry of international medical graduates into all residency programs. To meet the needs of renal patients, especially those...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with a significant reduction in food intake. Approximately one third of chronic dialysis patients complain of a fair or poor appetite and this is related directly to poor patient outcomes. Appetite regulation involve...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.10.003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure is a critically important aspect to consider in the study and management of drug-induced kidney injury. Although blood concentrations of kidney toxicants often may provide a valid surrogate measure of kidney exposure, the kidney has several unique physiological and biochemical properties that lend themselves ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.006
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune-mediated nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is now clear that multiple and independent mechanisms contribute to disease onset and pathogenesis, which may explain the remarkable phenotypic and histopathological heterogeneity observed in human SLE. Identification and char...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mineralocorticoid hypertension is hypertension associated with the presence of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppression of plasma renin. Mineralocorticoid hypertension represents only 10% of patients with essential hypertension. However, its recognition is important because it is a potentially reversible caus...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.10.004
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected syndromes that represent a global public health challenge. Organelles play essential roles in a vast range of cell functions, and their damage is related to several kidney diseases. Organelles launch the stress signal or trigger the stress r...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.007
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoking (CS) has been associated with augmented progression of nephropathies responsible for the 4 major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. CS has well-described ways by which it causes tissue injury in other organ systems and the mechanisms by which it adversely affects nephropat...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00037-8
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The first part of this article focuses on the risk of functional deterioration in subjects with solitary kidneys; the long-term clinical outcome of various subgroups of patients is reviewed. Thereafter, the pathophysiology of the renal functional reserve in subjects with a 50% reduction in renal parenchyma and the res...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize current evidence and current foci of perioperative clinical trials, we systematically reviewed Medline and identified perioperative trials involving 100 or more adult patients undergoing surgery and reporting renal end points that were published in high-impact journals since 2004. We categorized the 10...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.01.008
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
