Abstract：
:Projected requirements for nephrology physicians indicate a need for an increase in the number of nephrology trainees. In addition, government regulations are creating the climate to diminish the entry of international medical graduates into all residency programs. To meet the needs of renal patients, especially those with end-stage renal disease, and such areas of growth as nephrology research, more US medical graduates, particularly women and members of minority groups, will have to select nephrology as a career. This article discusses issues that this challenge raises for the specialty, including the impact on patient care, mentoring, and the use of nonphysician clinicians.
journal_name
Semin Nephroljournal_title
Seminars in nephrologyauthors
Levison SPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-03-01 00:00:00pages
98-104issue
2eissn
0270-9295issn
1558-4488journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (MBD) encompasses changes in mineral ion and vitamin D metabolism that are widespread in the setting of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. MBD components associate with cardiovascular disease in many epidemiologic studies. Through impacts on hypertensio...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.001
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The renal biopsy provides critical diagnostic and prognostic information to clinicians including cases of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and allograft dysfunction. Today, biopsy specimens are read using a combination of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence, with a limite...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.09.005
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the prohibitive costs of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) care for certain countries and the increasing incidence of ESRD worldwide, alternative methods of funding dialysis care are increasingly necessary. We describe the paradigm of the National Kidney Foundation of Singapore (NKF-S), the provider of subsidized d...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2001.23776
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of organic acids including phenols are accumulated in plasma of uremic patients because of reduced renal clearance. Some of them account for uremic problems such as reduced drug binding. Protein-bound organic acids such as hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small lipids such as eicosanoids exert diverse and complex functions. In addition to their role in regulating normal kidney function, these lipids also play important roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Increased glomerular cyclooxygenase (COX)1 or COX2 expression has been reported in patients with nephritis...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent breakthroughs in genomics have led to a critical reappraisal of factors once thought to initiate common complex forms of kidney disease. The tenet that diabetes mellitus and hypertension routinely initiate kidney disease whenever blood glucose concentrations or systemic blood pressures reach critical levels for...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune-mediated nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is now clear that multiple and independent mechanisms contribute to disease onset and pathogenesis, which may explain the remarkable phenotypic and histopathological heterogeneity observed in human SLE. Identification and char...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages have long been regarded as classic mediators of innate immunity because of their production of proinflammatory cytokines and their ability to induce apoptotic cell death. As a result of such activities and the detrimental long-term effect of kidney inflammation, macrophages principally have been regarded a...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.03.011
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review emphasizes four major areas of pediatric hypertension. Because hypertension is the most common reason student athletes fail the sports pre-participation examinations, we have attempted to provide a rationale approach to the decision process to permit a hypertensive child to partake in leisure and competiti...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are several published series of pregnancy in patients with nonimmunoglobulin A mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (most of whom have thin basement membrane nephropathy [TBMN]). The aim of the present study was to review the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with TBMN. The medical and obst...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.01.011
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood pressure increases with age in all US population groups that have been studies, but does so faster in African Americans. Evidence from extensive microscopic renal vascular studies at autopsy supports the view that blood pressure increases with age because of progressive fibroplasia of renal interlobular arteries...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major challenge facing the nephrology community in the United States is the training of adequate numbers of nephrologists to meet patient care and research needs. There is particular cause for concern because of the increasing incidence and prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease. Data on the clinical and...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.06.011
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We related 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion cross-sectionally to blood pressure and longitudinally to coronary events and deaths during follow-up in a representative sample of the Scottish population. A random sampling of men and women aged 40-59 in 1984 to 1987 produced 11,629 men and women who provided questio...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. Patients with chronic kidney disease have significant CVD, and carry a high cardiovascular burden by the time they commence renal replacement therapy (RRT). The severity of CVD that has been observed in dialysis ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2002.35964
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditionally, renal ischemia has been regarded as central to the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Accordingly, hemodynamic management of SA-AKI has emphasized restoration of renal perfusion, whereas, experimentally, ischemia reperfusion models have been emphasized. However, in human bei...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.01.007
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human nuclear genome consists of approximately 3 billion nucleotides. Human beings are 99% similar in DNA sequence to each other, but natural genetic variation in approximately 1% of the DNA sequence is responsible for interindividual differences, including determining who will develop disease and who will remain ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.01.003
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the present time, knowledge of the structure of the proton-translocating ATPase responsible for urinary acidification is far from complete. Key issues awaiting resolution are full definition of subunit structure and an understanding of the interactions among functional domains of this complex hetero-oligomer. Such ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is a multisubunit protein consisting of a peripheral catalytic domain (V(1)) that binds and hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and provides energy to pump H(+) through the transmembrane domain (V(0)) against a large gradient. This proton-translocating vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is present in bo...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.07.004
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Membranous nephropathy is a relatively common glomerular disease found to underlie both nonnephrotic and nephrotic proteinuria. In adults, about 75% of cases are primary (idiopathic) and 25% are secondary to a wide variety of causes, including neoplasia, infections, autoimmunity, and drugs. Presenting features are not...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00049-4
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium homeostasis is an important aspect of maternal and fetal physiology during gestation, and recent evidence implicates alterations in calcium metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension during pregnancy. Deficiencies in calcium intake have been linked to preeclampsia/eclampsia, and hypocalciuria and deviation...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. RHuEPO has been shown to increase survival, decrease hospitalizations, improve brain and cognitive function, and improve quality of life for renal patients. Much has been learned about the normal and patholog...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snep.2001.20939
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract anatomy (CAKUT) are common in children and represent approximately 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations. CAKUT is phenotypically variable and can affect the kidney(s) alone and/or the lower urinary tract. The spectrum includes more common anomalies such as ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.06.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent new insights into the determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na(+)](pw)) have played an important role in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of the dysnatremias. Central to these recent advances is the recognition of the full significance of the Edelman equation disco...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.03.006
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effective monitoring of chronic hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO; EPOGEN [epoetin alfa], AMGEN Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA) includes an initial evaluation of the patient, the patient's anemia, and the patient's iron stores. Assessment of iron stores includes obtaining hematocrit ...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complement system consists of 3 pathways and more than 30 proteins, including those with biological activity that directly or indirectly mediate the effects of this system, plus a set of regulatory proteins necessary to prevent injudicious complement activation on host tissue. The role for complement in the pathog...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.09.009
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP) is a hyperglycosylated analogue of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) that stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as the native hormone. The addition of two extra carbohydrate chains, however, gives NESP greater metabolic stability in vivo, and its termin...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine, play a central role in the regulation of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Dopamine inhibits tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and increases sodium excretion. Norepinephrine stimulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and decreases urinary sodium excretion. The signaling p...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected syndromes that represent a global public health challenge. Organelles play essential roles in a vast range of cell functions, and their damage is related to several kidney diseases. Organelles launch the stress signal or trigger the stress r...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.007
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosi...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.03.002
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In humans, idiopathic hypercalciuria is associated with stone formation. To study the mechanisms that are responsible for the excess urine calcium excretion in ways that are difficult to impossible in humans, we have developed a rat model of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Hypercalciuric rats were successively inbred for m...
journal_title：Seminars in nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
