Diuretics and disorders of calcium homeostasis.

abstract：:Cerebrovascular disease and stroke are very common at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), likely representing both shared risk factors as well as synergy among risk factors. More subtle ischemic brain lesions may be particularly common in the CKD population, with subtle manifestations including cognitive impai...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Dad T,Weiner DE

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dent's disease and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) are inherited diseases in which hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure are prominent features. Dent's disease resembles a Fanconi syndrome, with impaired reabsorption in the proximal tubule; FHHNC, with urinary los...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Knohl SJ,Scheinman SJ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The renal biopsy provides critical diagnostic and prognostic information to clinicians including cases of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and allograft dysfunction. Today, biopsy specimens are read using a combination of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence, with a limite...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Malone AF,Wu H,Humphreys BD

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mortality of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, including those receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), has remained unacceptably high owing to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. It is well recognized that both traditional Framingham risk factors and kidney disease-related risk factors may contr...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Wang AY

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroimmune interaction is an emerging concept, wherein the nervous system modulates the immune system and vice versa. This concept is gaining attention as a novel therapeutic target in various inflammatory diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI). Vagus nerve stimulation or treatment with pulsed ultrasound activa...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tanaka S,Okusa MD

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature menopause defined as secondary amenorrhea is common in women with kidney disease. Moreover, the aging population has resulted in increasing numbers of postmenopausal women with kidney disease. Though the pathophysiology is poorly understood, kidney transplantation and more frequent hemodialysis can restore m...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Ahmed SB

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming more common in the United States affecting an estimated 18.2 million Americans. Not only is the number of American's with DM staggering, but so are the medical and economic costs of DM. DM accounts for nearly 15% of all health care costs in the United States. The chronic hyperglycemi...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Daneshgari F,Moore C

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to managing patients on hemodialysis in whom iron strategies are more focused on intravenous iron, nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may receive either oral or intravenous iron. There are advantages and disadvantages for both strategies. Oral iron is simple and cheap to administer and does ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Macdougall IC

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the early 1960s, a number of new immunosuppressive agents have been introduced to clinical transplantation. This review will be confined to mechanism of actions, and important gains and concerns of new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine A (Neoral), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), FK506, brequinar sodium, sir...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Goral S,Helderman JH

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiloride is a prototypic inhibitor of epithelial sodium channels. Rapid progress has been made in our understanding of the structure of the sodium channel and related cation-selective channels. This work, coupled with experiments examining how selected sodium channel mutations affect amiloride binding, provides criti...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kleyman TR,Sheng S,Kosari F,Kieber-Emmons T

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Meeks WM

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A complex pathophysiology, cardio-renal syndrome (CRS), has been redefined in recent years. One subtype is acute renocardiac CRS, or CRS type 3. This syndrome is intended to comprise situations in which acute kidney injury (AKI) results in acute cardiac injury or dysfunction. The pathophysiology of CRS type 3 is not w...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Chuasuwan A,Kellum JA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) is a free, community-based, kidney disease screening program designed to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) early and promote follow-up evaluation with clinicians to ultimately improve outcomes. This program screens individuals with diabetes, hypertension, or those with a fi...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Vassalotti JA,Li S,McCullough PA,Bakris GL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is a ubiquitous intracellular catabolic process that contributes to homeostatic maintenance and regulates the balance between health and disease. Emerging evidence from both the immunology and renal literature suggests that important relationships exist between the immune system and renal autophagy that may ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Leventhal JS,He JC,Ross MJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Aguilar DJ,Madero M

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is a multisubunit protein consisting of a peripheral catalytic domain (V(1)) that binds and hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and provides energy to pump H(+) through the transmembrane domain (V(0)) against a large gradient. This proton-translocating vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is present in bo...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Valles P,Lapointe MS,Wysocki J,Batlle D

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes physiological and molecular studies of the colonic H+,K+-ATPase and active potassium (K) absorption in the rat distal colon. Active K absorption is energized by an apical membrane H+,K+-ATPase that is a member of the gene family of P-type ATPases. Physiological experiments of active K absorptio...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Binder HJ,Sangan P,Rajendran VM

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The apical membrane epithelial Na(+) channel subunit (ENaC) in series with the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase mediates collecting duct Na(+) reabsorption. Aldosterone induces αENaC gene transcription, which appears to be rate limiting for ENaC activity in this segment. Although this response has long ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kone BC

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-based therapy, designed to promote angiogenesis and improve organ function, has been under investigation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease for more than 10 years. Although believed to work primarily by repairing the microvasculature, this form of therapy has not been examined in the setting of chronic k...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Gilbert RE,Zhang Y,Yuen DA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension is growing in prevalence and most of this growth represents isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Attempts at prevention are critical but likely are ineffectual. Therefore, the delivery and acceptance of current medical regimens must be improved. ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kaplan NM

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The very limited ability of adult podocytes to proliferate in vivo is clinically significant because podocytes form a vascular barrier that is functionally critical to the nephron, podocyte hypoplasia is a characteristic of disease, and inadequate regeneration of podocytes is a major cause of persistent podocyte hypop...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Shankland SJ,Pippin JW,Duffield JS

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessment of adiposity should include measurements of both body mass index and waist circumference. The prevalence of obesity, based on a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or greater, has increased substantially over the past 2 decades in Western societies. Obesity remains the number one preventable risk factor for chron...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Wickman C,Kramer H

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remarkable advances have been made in the past decade in understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Although the initiating events leading to the onset of proteinuria still are not well defined, it has become increasingly clear that many glomerular diseases can be classified as podocytopathies...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Lane JC,Kaskel FJ

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosi...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kers J,Leemans JC,Linkermann A

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most important and lethal effects of animal venoms is nephrotoxicity. In Latin America, severe acute kidney injury has been reported after accidents with poisonous arthropods such as bees, caterpillars of the genus Lonomia, and spiders of the genus Loxosceles. In this article the characteristics of these ve...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Abdulkader RC,Barbaro KC,Barros EJ,Burdmann EA

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Care of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has changed during the past 30 years. Tools to control hyperglycemia have improved and it was shown that improvement in glycemic control diminished the risk of late diabetic complications, including nephropathy. Moreover, in patients with impaired renal function, aggressive ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Krolewski AS,Bonventre JV

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acid-base balance is critical for normal life. Acute and chronic disturbances impact cellular energy metabolism, endocrine signaling, ion channel activity, neuronal activity, and cardiovascular functions such as cardiac contractility and vascular blood flow. Maintenance and adaptation of acid-base homeostasis are most...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Wagner CA,Imenez Silva PH,Bourgeois S

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An expanding proportion of people in the United States and worldwide are affected by kidney disease, leading to a growing concern over the public health implications. Despite the high prevalence and the considerable associated health risks of kidney disease, major gaps in our knowledge base hinder the delivery of opti...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Himmelfarb J,Shankland SJ

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review emphasizes four major areas of pediatric hypertension. Because hypertension is the most common reason student athletes fail the sports pre-participation examinations, we have attempted to provide a rationale approach to the decision process to permit a hypertensive child to partake in leisure and competiti...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Feld LG,Springate JE,Waz WR

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initially described in 1984, human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has now become a common disease within the HIV-seropositive population. It is a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causing rapid deterioration of renal function. It is the most common cause of chronic renal disease in HIV patients...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Herman ES,Klotman PE

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00