HIV-associated nephropathy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.

abstract：:Effectiveness of antihypertensive agents is assessed not only by systemic blood pressure levels, but by multiple parameters that reflect specific organ functions. Among antihypertensive agents, those which inhibit angiotensin actions show particular efficacy in ameliorating end organ damage. This efficacy likely refle...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Fogo A,Kon V

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms regulating the establishment of the glomerular endothelium and mesangium during glomerulogenesis are not understood. In this article, we discuss two different blood vessel growth processes: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with particular attention on how these processes might operate in the developing kidn...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Hyink DP,Abrahamson DR

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stephen Hales was the first to measure blood pressure directly in the horse (1733), and the definitive studies on human nephrins by Richard Bright followed much later (1836). The relation between high blood pressure and renal disease was established by Mahomed (1872). The discovery of renin and its possible link with ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Peart S

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often causes peritoneal fibrosis and sclerosis with a loss of function, and some CAPD patients develop sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids readily produce glucose degradation products by heat sterilization, and glucos...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Nakamura S,Niwa T

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardio-Renal syndrome (CRS) is a common and complex clinical condition in which multiple causative factors are involved. The time window between renal insult and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in acute heart failure (AHF) can be varied in different patients and AKI often is diagnosed too late, only when the ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Ronco C,Cruz D,Noland BW

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The renal tubular epithelium maintains different sets of transport proteins in plasma membrane domains facing the lumenal and mucosal fluids and limits diffusion between these two compartments. This asymmetry is generated by directing transporters to the appropriate membrane domain, a process that requires both an int...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： van Adelsberg J

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IgA nephropathy is one of the most common causes of glomerulonephritis in the world and is characterized histologically by the deposition of polymeric forms of IgA within the mesangium and in some cases along the glomerular capillary wall.(1) Proliferative and crescenteric forms of IgA are associated with nephrotic ra...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tumlin JA,Hennigar RA

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) is a free, community-based, kidney disease screening program designed to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) early and promote follow-up evaluation with clinicians to ultimately improve outcomes. This program screens individuals with diabetes, hypertension, or those with a fi...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Vassalotti JA,Li S,McCullough PA,Bakris GL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. RHuEPO has been shown to increase survival, decrease hospitalizations, improve brain and cognitive function, and improve quality of life for renal patients. Much has been learned about the normal and patholog...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tong EM,Nissenson AR

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major challenge facing the nephrology community in the United States is the training of adequate numbers of nephrologists to meet patient care and research needs. There is particular cause for concern because of the increasing incidence and prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease. Data on the clinical and...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kohan DE,Rosenberg ME

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first part of this article focuses on the risk of functional deterioration in subjects with solitary kidneys; the long-term clinical outcome of various subgroups of patients is reviewed. Thereafter, the pathophysiology of the renal functional reserve in subjects with a 50% reduction in renal parenchyma and the res...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Rugiu C,Oldrizzi L,Maschio G

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of conditions can contribute to the development of the anemia that inevitably occurs with end-stage renal disease. The primary ones are decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO), decreased response to EPO by the bone marrow, and shortened red cell survival. Dialysis improves hematocrit levels by reducing p...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Korbet SM

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure is a critically important aspect to consider in the study and management of drug-induced kidney injury. Although blood concentrations of kidney toxicants often may provide a valid surrogate measure of kidney exposure, the kidney has several unique physiological and biochemical properties that lend themselves ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Li Z,Fisher C,Gardner I,Ghosh A,Litchfield J,Maurer TS

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessment of adiposity should include measurements of both body mass index and waist circumference. The prevalence of obesity, based on a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or greater, has increased substantially over the past 2 decades in Western societies. Obesity remains the number one preventable risk factor for chron...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Wickman C,Kramer H

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract anatomy (CAKUT) are common in children and represent approximately 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations. CAKUT is phenotypically variable and can affect the kidney(s) alone and/or the lower urinary tract. The spectrum includes more common anomalies such as ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Toka HR,Toka O,Hariri A,Nguyen HT

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroimmune interaction is an emerging concept, wherein the nervous system modulates the immune system and vice versa. This concept is gaining attention as a novel therapeutic target in various inflammatory diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI). Vagus nerve stimulation or treatment with pulsed ultrasound activa...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tanaka S,Okusa MD

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking (CS) has been associated with augmented progression of nephropathies responsible for the 4 major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. CS has well-described ways by which it causes tissue injury in other organ systems and the mechanisms by which it adversely affects nephropat...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Wesson DE

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Aguilar DJ,Madero M

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remarkable advances have been made in the past decade in understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Although the initiating events leading to the onset of proteinuria still are not well defined, it has become increasingly clear that many glomerular diseases can be classified as podocytopathies...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Lane JC,Kaskel FJ

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the single most common cause of end-stage renal failure in seropositive patients, has increased in incidence by 30% each year since 1991. Occurring almost exclusively in blacks, HIVAN became the third leading cause of ESRD in blacks, ages 20 to 64, in ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Winston JA,Burns GC,Klotman PE

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, initially was used as a diuretic but was accompanied by a significant amount of side effects that necessitated the withdrawal of the drug in a relevant number of patients. The discovery of the many receptor-mediated actions of aldosterone in several different organs great...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tamargo J,Solini A,Ruilope LM

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the progressive decrease in renal function leads to disturbances of mineral metabolism that generally cause secondary hyperparathyroidism. The increase in serum parathyroid hormone is associated with reduced serum calcium and calcitriol levels and/or increased serum fibroblast growth f...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Hénaut L,Chillon JM,Kamel S,Massy ZA

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most important and lethal effects of animal venoms is nephrotoxicity. In Latin America, severe acute kidney injury has been reported after accidents with poisonous arthropods such as bees, caterpillars of the genus Lonomia, and spiders of the genus Loxosceles. In this article the characteristics of these ve...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Abdulkader RC,Barbaro KC,Barros EJ,Burdmann EA

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compelling evidence points to a role for IgA receptors in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. The soluble form of the type I IgA receptor (FcalphaRI or CD89) forms complexes with IgA that can be found in patients' serum and that initiate the disease in CD89 transgenic mice. A nonclassic IgA receptor, identified as th...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Moura IC,Benhamou M,Launay P,Vrtovsnik F,Blank U,Monteiro RC

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children with chronic renal failure before and after renal transplantation has been established. This article reviews the increasing evidence that rhGH treatment also results in a significant improvem...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Haffner D,Schaefer F

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-based therapy, designed to promote angiogenesis and improve organ function, has been under investigation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease for more than 10 years. Although believed to work primarily by repairing the microvasculature, this form of therapy has not been examined in the setting of chronic k...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Gilbert RE,Zhang Y,Yuen DA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, more than 40% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children experienced renal complications. In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 2.1 million children are infected with HIV-1. In the absence of antiretroviral therapy, young African children frequently d...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： McCulloch MI,Ray PE

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Frailty is a distinct phenotype that is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and appears to be more prevalent with decreasing glomerular filtration rate. Exercise training or intervention to increase physical activity may ameliorate poor physical functioning and frailty, and even may improve survival in pa...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Sheshadri A,Johansen KL

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, it has become apparent that parietal epithelial cells (PECs) play an important role within the renal glomerulus, in particular in diseased conditions. In this review, we examine current knowledge about the role of PECs and their interactions with podocytes in development and under physiological condit...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Smeets B,Moeller MJ

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrhythmia issues arise frequently in the renal disease population, spanning the spectrum from benign ectopy to sustained arrhythmias. Studies adding to our understanding of arrhythmias and advances in technology have revolutionized the way we deal with many arrhythmias. In dealing with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, r...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kocheril AG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00