Abstract：
:The potential therapeutic applications of encapsulated cells are enormous. In the US alone, it has been estimated that nearly half-a-trillion dollars are spent each year to care for patients who suffer tissue loss or dysfunction. Over 6 million patients suffer from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, over 14 million patients suffer from diabetes, and millions more from liver failure, hemophilia, and other diseases caused by the loss of specific vital cellular functions. It appears likely that by the end of the decade clinical trials of encapsulated cells to treat many of these diseases will become a reality. The Food and Drug Administration has already authorized studies to evaluate the safety and biological activity of several types of systems. A number of issues will have to be addressed, including the sourcing of raw materials, the design and building of manufacturing facilities, the scale-up and optimization process, storage and distribution of the product, and quality control.
journal_name
Nat Biotechnoljournal_title
Nature biotechnologyauthors
Lanza RP,Hayes JL,Chick WLdoi
10.1038/nbt0996-1107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
1107-11issue
9eissn
1087-0156issn
1546-1696journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Although bile duct disorders are well-recognized causes of liver disease, the molecular and cellular events leading to biliary dysfunction are poorly understood. To enable modeling and drug discovery for biliary disease, we describe a protocol that achieves efficient differentiation of biliary epithelial cells (cholan...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.3294
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We established a catalog of the mouse gut metagenome comprising ∼2.6 million nonredundant genes by sequencing DNA from fecal samples of 184 mice. To secure high microbiome diversity, we used mouse strains of diverse genetic backgrounds, from different providers, kept in different housing laboratories and fed either a ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.3353
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relatively low levels of expression from naturally occurring promoters have limited the use of muscle as a gene therapy target. Myogenic restricted gene promoters display complex organization usually involving combinations of several myogenic regulatory elements. By random assembly of E-box, MEF-2, TEF-1, and SRE site...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/6981
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of co-regulated genes and their transcription-factor binding sites (TFBS) are key steps toward understanding transcription regulation. In addition to effective laboratory assays, various computational approaches for the detection of TFBS in promoter regions of coexpressed genes have been developed. ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt802
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe tethered conformation capture (TCC), a method for genome-wide mapping of chromatin interactions. By performing ligations on solid substrates rather than in solution, TCC substantially enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, thereby facilitating a detailed analysis of interactions within and between chromosomes...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.2057
更新日期：2011-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the consequences of releasing genetically engineered plants (GEP) into the environment. Using opine-producing GEP, we show that transgenic plants alter their biological environment, more precisely the root-associated bacterial populations. The alterations were both transgene-specific and target p...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0497-369
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Academic researchers have regularly ignored patents on key technologies as a strategy to maneuver around patent thickets and freedom-to-operate issues, but they may be more at risk than they realize. ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt1107-1225
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic modifications constitute a complex regulatory layer on top of the genome sequence. Pluripotent and differentiated cells provide a powerful system for investigating how the epigenetic code influences cellular fate. High-throughput sequencing of these cell types has yielded DNA methylation maps at single-nucl...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nbt.1684
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current DNA methylation assays are limited in the flexibility and efficiency of characterizing a large number of genomic targets. We report a method to specifically capture an arbitrary subset of genomic targets for single-molecule bisulfite sequencing for digital quantification of DNA methylation at single-nucleotide...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.1530
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the selection of highly efficient antibody catalysts by combining chemical selection from a synthetic library with directed in vitro protein evolution. Evolution started from a naive antibody library displayed on phage made from fully synthetic, antibody-encoding genes (the Human Combinatorial An...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt828
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although mass spectrometry is well suited to identifying thousands of potential protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), it has historically been biased towards just a few. To measure the entire set of PTMs across diverse proteomes, software must overcome the dual challenges of covering enormous search spaces ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41587-019-0067-5
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Directed molecular evolution was applied to generate Cre recombinase variants that recognize a new DNA target sequence. Cre was adapted in a three-stage strategy to evolve recombinases to specifically recombine the new site. This complex multicycle task was made feasible by an improved directed-evolution procedure tha...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt1101-1047
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated inhibition of the plasmid-born chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (CAT) by the hammerhead ribozyme and antisense RNA in Escherichia coli where the translation and transcription rates have been modified. Whereas neither antisense nor the hammerhead had an inhibitory effect on CAT activity in wild...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0597-432
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes consist of modules approximately 3-6 kb long, which encode the structures of 2-carbon units in polyketide products. Alteration or replacement of individual PKS modules can lead to the biosynthesis of 'unnatural' natural products but existing techniques for this are time consuming...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt1128
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screens are a powerful new tool in biology. By simply altering the sequence of the single-guide RNA (sgRNA), one can reprogram Cas9 to target different sites in the genome with relative ease, but the on-target activity and off-target effects of individual sgRNAs can vary widely. Here, we use ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.3437
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole-genome mRNA quantitation can be used to identify the genes that are most responsive to environmental or genotypic change. By searching for mutually similar DNA elements among the upstream non-coding DNA sequences of these genes, we can identify candidate regulatory motifs and corresponding candidate sets of core...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt1098-939
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to produce monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in plants offers the opportunity for the development of an inexpensive method of mucosal immunoprotection against sexually transmitted diseases. To investigate the suitability of plant-expressed Mabs for vaginal preventive applications, we compared a humanized anti-h...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/4344
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of DNA variants in the mapping of the human genome and in the positional cloning of monogenic disease genes is well established. Determining the genetic bases of the more common "multifactorial" diseases, however, presents a major challenge. The genetics of these diseases are complicated by the interplay betwe...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nbt0198-33
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A central hurdle in developing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as therapeutics is the inefficiency of their delivery across the plasma and endosomal membranes to the cytosol, where they interact with the RNA interference machinery. With the aim of improving endosomal release, a poorly understood and inefficient proces...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt.3298
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To construct a mammalian artificial chromosome (MAC), telomere repeats and selectable markers were introduced into a 100 kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing human centromeric DNA. This YAC, which has a regular repeat structure of alpha-satellite DNA and centromere protein B (CENP-B) boxes, efficiently form...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0598-431
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41587-020-0658-1
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its fluorescent homologs from Anthozoa corals have become invaluable tools for in vivo imaging of cells and tissues. Despite spectral and chromophore diversity, about 100 cloned members of the GFP-like protein family possess common structural...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nbt943
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a novel approach to design a set of primers selective for large groups of genes. This method is based on the distribution frequency of all nucleotide combinations (octa- to decanucleotides), and the combined ability of primer pairs, based on these oligonucleotides, to detect genes. By analyzing 1000 human ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0796-857
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human organ replacement is limited by a donor shortage, problems with tissue compatibility, and rejection. Creation of an organ with autologous tissue would be advantageous. In this study, transplantable urinary bladder neo-organs were reproducibly created in vitro from urothelial and smooth muscle cells grown in cult...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/6146
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Development of a cell therapy for diabetes would be greatly aided by a renewable supply of human beta-cells. Here we show that pancreatic endoderm derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells efficiently generates glucose-responsive endocrine cells after implantation into mice. Upon glucose stimulation of the implant...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt1393
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41587-019-0253-5
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major shortcoming to the use of adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors is their limited packaging size. To overcome this hurdle, we split an expression cassette and cloned it into two separate vectors. The vectors contained either a nuclear localizing Escherichia coli lacZ transgene (nlslacZ) with a splice acceptor, ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/75390
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous reports have demonstrated the growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem (HES) cells on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders and on laminin- or Matrigel-coated plastic surfaces supplemented with MEF-conditioned medium. These xenosupport systems run the risk of cross-transfer of animal pathogens from ...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type：
doi：10.1038/nbt726
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tyrosine phosphorylation exerts a pivotal role in cell regulation processes of higher eukaryotes. Tight control of the activity of protein tyrosine kinases is crucial for ordered phosphorylation to occur. We have developed a functional screen for tyrosine kinase regulators using c-Src, the first cellular protein tyros...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0596-600
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with antigenic peptides derived from various tumor antigens has great, but as yet significantly unrealized, potential in cancer treatment. Here, we describe a strategy for prolonged presentation of an MHC class I-restricted self-peptide on DCs through linkage of it to a ce...
journal_title：Nature biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nbt0202-149
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
