Abstract：
:Social phobia (or "social anxiety disorder") is a prevalent condition that has been the subject of increased scrutiny in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to review the neurobiology of social phobia. It is apparent from the extant literature that this disorder is poorly understood from a neurobiological perspective. There are nonetheless a number of clinical and preclinical observations which, at times, converge to illuminate areas worthy of further study. Included in this category are suggestive findings of central serotonergic dysregulation in social phobia, response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in social phobia, and the role of serotonergic function in septohippocampal models of anxiety. Abnormalities in central dopaminergic function are also posited, supported to some extent by recent neuroimaging findings. There are in addition a number of animal and human behavioral models in existence that may be relevant to the study of social phobia. Included in this category are models of social dominance in wild baboons, social affiliation in the prairie vole, and behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar in childhood. Newer technologies that are likely to play a major role in the delineation of the neural circuitry (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging) and heritability (e.g., molecular genetics) of social phobia are discussed. Finally, an interactive role for biology and experience in the expression of social phobia is considered.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Stein MBdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00265-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-15 00:00:00pages
1277-85issue
12eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(98)00265-0journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Schizophrenic patients have been observed to have a significantly diminished P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP). We investigated whether this result would be obtained with high-incentive stimuli. We presented 14 unmedicated patients and 14 controls with two easily identified visual stimuli under three...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the association between post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) serum cortisol and body weight, self-report of weight loss during the episode, and measured weight loss during the first week of admission in a series of 245 depressed inpatients. Data on measured weight loss between two successive admission...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90267-2
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to extend our previous work on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression to patients with schizophrenia. METHODS:Thirty-five inpatients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either right prefrontal rTMS or sham treatm...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00182-1
更新日期：1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prominent heightened arousal symptoms and clinical/laboratory findings implicate the central noradrenergic system in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Heightened arousal frequently manifests in relation to sleep in PTSD. Central noradrenergic systems have a role in regulating arousal levels during sleep. We theref...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00238-X
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With a computerized data base, a data retrieval system, and a computer program using the actuarial method of life-table analysis, we compared survival rates in different subgroups of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT; n = 199). Men (n = 71) had a shorter duration of survival than women (n = 128), with ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(85)90139-8
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the relationship between borderline and impulsive personality traits on the one hand, and monoamine function on the other in 15 women with bulimia nervosa and 15 women with recurrent suicidal behavior. Platelet serotonin (5-HT) and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were used as peripheral m...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00384-3
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is uncertain whether the neurobiological abnormalities in schizophrenia emerge at the first episode of the disorder or are present during the prodromal phase. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that some brain abnormalities are present in subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for schizophrenia. Pre-attentiv...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.024
更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that the glutamatergic system might play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of riluzole, a glutamate-modulating agent, in bipolar depression. METHODS:This was an 8-week add-on study of rilu...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.023
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The aberrant salience hypothesis proposes that striatal dopamine dysregulation causes misattribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli leading to psychosis. Recently, new lines of preclinical evidence on information coding by subcortical dopamine coupled with computational models of the brain's ability to predict and ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.012
更新日期：2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene modulates the association between adverse early experiences and risk for major depression in adulthood. Although human imaging studies have begun to elucidate the neural circuits involved in the 5-HTT x environment risk factor, a molecular understandin...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.08.013
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported reductions in corpus callosum (CC) total area and CC regions in individuals with autism. However, studies have differed concerning the magnitude and/or region contributing to CC reductions. The present study determined the significance and magni...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022
更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Two Wistar rat lines selectively bred for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior were used to identify neurobiological correlates of trait anxiety. METHODS:We used Fos expression for mapping of neuronal activation patterns in response to mild anxiety-provoking challenges. RESULTS:In both l...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.021
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Kraepelin originally conceptualized schizophrenia as a degenerative brain disorder. It remains unclear whether the illness is characterized by a static encephalopathy or a deterioration of brain function, or periods of each condition. Assessments of cognitive function, as measured by neuropsychologic assessm...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00240-7
更新日期：2000-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To explore possible disturbances of cerebral monoamines linked to glucose metabolism, 18 schizophrenics, 21 neurotics, and 21 controls were given a 5-hr glucose tolerance test, and the effect of the glucose load on total and free tryptophan, insulin, and free fatty acids in serum was studied in medication-free patient...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin, corticotropin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and salivary cortisol concentrations, resting and after ingestion of 1 mg of dexamethasone, were investigated in depressed patients and controls. METHODS:Fourteen outpatients from the psychiatric department diagnosed with depres...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01273-2
更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with autism show clinical features suggestive of abnormal processing of auditory and other sensory information. We hypothesized that low-functioning autistic subjects present abnormalities in discriminating simple auditory stimuli at sensory system preconscious stages of cortical processing. METHOD...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00295-6
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:K-complexes (KCs) are evoked delta frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) responses during sleep that occur when large numbers of healthy cortical cells burst fire in a synchronized manner. The KC amplitude and incidence are sensitive measures of normal healthy brain aging. Given the known neurodegenerative co...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.010
更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Deletions encompassing a four-gene region on chromosome 15 (BP1-BP2 at 15q11.2), seen at a population frequency of 1 in 500, are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, epilepsy, and other common neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known in terms of how these common deletions impact co...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.008
更新日期：2019-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:EEG sleep measures in 35 depressed and 33 normal control adolescents were examined in relation to stressful life events occurring in the year before sleep studies. There was a significant interaction between stressful life events and diagnostic status for REM latency and total REM time. In the normal controls, the pre...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00240-4
更新日期：1995-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder is associated with disturbed circadian rhythms. To investigate the causal relationship between mood disorders and circadian clock disruption, previous studies in animal models have employed light/dark manipulations, global mutations of clock genes, or brain area lesions. However, li...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.1050
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Volatile interpersonal relationships are a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and lead to devastating disruption of patients' personal and professional lives. Quantitative models of social decision making and learning hold promise for defining the underlying mechanisms of this problem. In ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.020
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Affective disorders are associated with prominent psychomotor abnormalities that may be related to changes in arousal or motivation due to altered catecholamine function. METHODS:We investigated relationships between performance on psychomotor tests of motor speed (reaction time and tapping speed) and visua...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00172-3
更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The psychiatric histories of relatives of 17 boys admitted to an inpatient unit with "unsocialized aggressive" behavior and of 19 boys admitted with other problems were investigated by means of structured interviews. The interviews were rated blind and diagnoses made on the respondents and relatives described in the f...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history of psychiatric research is filled with widely accepted etiologic and pathophysiologic theories that eventually were proven wrong. The prevailing pathophysiologic theories of schizophrenia have emphasized the role of abnormal neurodevelopment in determining the onset and course of the illness. Relatively li...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00147-x
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) and its alpha-secreted form (alpha-sAPP) were investigated as a means to distinguish between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer-type dementia (DAT) and those with major depressive episode (MDE) showing se...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.007
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pediatric anxiety disorders involve greater capture of attention by threatening stimuli. However, it is not known if disturbances extend to nonthreatening stimuli, as part of a pervasive disturbance in attention-related brain systems. We hypothesized that pediatric anxiety involves greater capture of attenti...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.016
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that may be used to study individual differences in motor cortex excitability. Such differences are assumed to reflect serotonergic and other inputs to the motor cortex. METHODS:Here we investigate the impact of a functional polymorphism in ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.005
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heightened fear and anxiety are core symptoms of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. They are associated with structural and activity changes throughout neural circuitry that includes the ventral and medial prefrontal cortices (PFC), the amygdala, and hippocampus. Although the contributions of the media...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.007
更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Selective localization of dopamine D(4) receptors in the prefrontal cortex and preferential affinity of clozapine for the dopamine D(4) receptor over the D(2) receptor led to the hypothesis that the superior efficacy of clozapine may be mediated via blockade of the D(4) receptor. This hypothesis was tested b...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.004
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A polymorphism of the human serotonin transporter gene (SCL6A4) has been associated with serotonin transporter expression and with processing of aversive stimuli in the amygdala. Functional imaging studies show that during the presentation of aversive versus neutral cues, healthy carriers of the short (s) al...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.019
更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00
