Abstract:
:The transmembrane receptor Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. Notch receptors and their ligands are expressed in the mammalian thymus, raising the possibility that Notch could regulate T cell fate decisions. Expression of a constitutively activated form of Notch in developing thymocytes causes thymocytes normally destined for the CD4 lineage to adopt the CD8 lineage instead. This suggests that Notch activity normally acts to direct CD4+CD8+ precursors to the CD8 lineage. The choice between CD4 and CD8 T cell fates is also controlled by MHC recognition during positive selection, implying that recognition of class I or II MHC might regulate Notch signaling. Possible models for the regulation of Notch by MHC recognition during CD4 versus CD8 lineage determination are discussed.
journal_name
Annu Rev Immunoljournal_title
Annual review of immunologyauthors
Robey Edoi
10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.283subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
283-95eissn
0732-0582issn
1545-3278journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The Class 2 alpha-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, -kappa, -omega, -delta, -tau, and -gamma) and interferon-like molecules (limitin, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of these cytokines with their spec...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104622
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) has advanced significantly in the last two years. The gene that is altered in the condition (SAP/SH2D1A) has been cloned and its protein crystal structure solved. At least two sets of target molecules for this small SH2 domain-containing protein have...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.657
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While still incomplete, the first data concerning the biochemistry of T cell receptor-ligand interactions in cell-free systems seem to have considerable predictive value regarding whether a T cell response is strong or weak or suppressive. This data will help considerably in elucidating the mechanisms behind T cell re...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.523
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stressors ranging from nutrient deprivation to immune signaling can induce the degradation of cytoplasmic material by a process known as autophagy. Increasingly, research on autophagy has begun to focus on its role in inflammation and the immune response. Autophagy acts as an immune effector that mediates pathogen cle...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074948
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to create mice in which a planned alteration has been introduced at a specific locus in the genome. The planned alteration is first introduced into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in tissue culture. This is accomplished by homologous recombination between the targeted genomic locus and DNA...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.003421
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in the immune response depended on the chance interaction of several unrelated events. The first, and most important, was the decision by Michael Sela to synthesize a series of branched, multichain, synthetic polypeptides bas...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.1
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review examines the role of cross-presentation in tolerance and immunity. We discuss (a) the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, (b) the phenotype of the antigen presenting cell (APC), (c) the cellular interactions and molecular signals involved in cross-priming, and (d) the factors that direct the imm...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.47
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of cloned genes into the germline of mice has been proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the role of the respective gene products within the immune system. Here we summarize the transgenic mouse models that have been established with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I genes. Foreign ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.001501
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to sense infection and tissue stress, sample and present antigen to T lymphocytes, and induce different forms of immunity and tolerance. The functional versatility of DCs depends on their remarkable ability to translate collectively ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141718
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-100819-121537
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is composed of single cells, and its function is entirely dependent on the capacity of these cells to traffic, localize within tissues, and interact with each other in a precisely coordinated fashion. There is growing evidence that the large families of chemokines and chemokine receptors provide a fl...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.593
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several laboratories have shown that the appearance of naturally occurring suppressor cells in the spleens of neonatal or irradiated mice is temporarily related to the ease of induction of tolerance, the characteristics of these cells and their regulatory functions have been poorly understood until recently. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001251
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-102419-035900
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model of human autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The NOD mouse also serves as a model for studying complex polygenic diseases because at least fourteen different loci are linked to disease development. The first Idd locus recognized, Idd1, is linked to the major his...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001143
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It must distinguish these harmless antigens from potential pathogens and mount the appropriate host immune response. Local a...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041621
更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.625
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.397
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also reg...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Only 5 to 10% of immunocompetent humans are susceptible to tuberculosis, and over 85% of them develop the disease exclusively in the lungs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, in contrast, can develop systemic disease that is more quickly lethal. This is in keeping with other evidence showing that susc...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104635
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of the acquired immune response is dependent on the signaling of CD40 by its ligand, CD154. These molecules govern both the magnitude and quality of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity. A litany of studies have conclusively documented that blockade of this ligand-receptor pair can prevent, and also interve...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104533
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diverse microbial populations constituting the intestinal microbiota promote immune development and differentiation, but because of their complex metabolic requirements and the consequent difficulty culturing them, they remained, until recently, largely uncharacterized and mysterious. In the last decade, deep nucl...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120238
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A family consisting of at least ten distinct novel 8-10 kd cytokines has been identified over the past 12 years. These cytokines exhibit from 20 to 45% homology in amino acid sequence, are probably all basic heparin-binding polypeptides, and have proinflammatory and reparative activities. The cDNA for these cytokines ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.003153
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is an unstable state. It either resolves or persists. Why inflammation persists and the factors that define tissue tropism remain obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue-resident stromal cells not only provide positional memory but also actively regulate the differential accumulation of inflamma...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian Rel/NF-kappaB family of transcription factors, including RelA, c-Rel, RelB, NF-kappaB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), and NF-kappaB2 (p52 and its precursor p100), plays a central role in the immune system by regulating several processes ranging from the development and survival of lymphocytes and lymphoid...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132641
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on T cell subset depletion studies and the analysis of gene knockout mice, it is evident that CD8(+) T cells contribute to resistance against intracellular infections with certain viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens. Although they are known primarily for their capacity to kill infected cells, CD8(+) T cell...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.275
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell anergy is a tolerance mechanism in which the lymphocyte is intrinsically functionally inactivated following an antigen encounter, but remains alive for an extended period of time in a hyporesponsive state. Models of T cell anergy affecting both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells fall into two broad categories. One, clonal...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141110
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are poised to enter the practice of medicine for leukemia and lymphoma, demonstrating that e...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041407
更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. This regulation is mediated by the reciprocal actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. CD45, the first and prototypic receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is expresse...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140946
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article outlines my early start in medicine, a late start in immunology research, and my efforts to integrate the two activities. I first describe some of the background information, excitement, and implications of the recognition of T and B cells as separate but functionally intertwined arms of the adaptive immu...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101248
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00